دراسات اقتصادية - دكتوراة

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(2005 - 1948)(الدولة اليهودية وابعاد الصراع في الشرق الاوسط )
(جامعة النيلين, 2006) محمد يوسف محمود ابو النيل
Abstract ' The subject “The Jewish and Dimensions of the Conﬂict in Middle East between 1948 — 2005” study tries to concentrate on the extend of the legislation and legality of the Jewish state in the middle east, how it was established, the foundations that it was supported by, the extend of the external supports it gained to emerge and t-he exciting conﬂict between it and the neighboring states which have tried all means to delete its existence. The study includes an introduction and ﬁve Chapters. In Chapter One the researcher pointed out how the Jewish state was established, the factors which supported emerging that strange state and how the supper power countries recognized its legitimacy. " , In Chapter Two the researcher over powered on the laws which were placed by that existence in order to make control of the remaining lands and dismiss its original inhabitants. In Chapter Three of this study, the researcher concentrated on the role of Jewish in creating this hostile state, how they look at other nations and how it deals with other religions. In Chapter Four the researcher emerged the various aspects of the conﬂict with the Jewish state, when it started and how these achievements have been achieved by this usurper. In Chapter Five the researcher over pointed on the agreements and peace project that have been reached with the Jewish state. The study concluded that the Jewish state emerged on the Arab lands with the support of the super power colonial countries which aimed at making this region as the centreof the permanent conﬂict so that. they ﬁned a justiﬁcation to interfere whenever they want and meet there purposes having the Arab countries divided without being united in making one decision.
impact of iron scrap recyclin on sustan able development
(Al-Neelain University, 2020) siddig mahl eldain abd elgalil abdon
Abstract Firstly, this thesis was covered image analysis by granulometry mathematical morphology functions, blob analysis to achieve the best geometrical alterations for vessels from images, the fractal analysis on rat liver vessels to categorize and determine the complicity for the vessels structures during normal and pathological morphogenesis, the three image analysis methods outcomes visualized in purpose of preceding algorithms of image analysis to take advantage of, in clinical investigations in different medical imaging modalities. The image analysis results were tested by different statistical analysis, one major common statistical analysis where performed is probability density function theory (PDF), kernel smoothing density estimate (KSD or KSE) and multivariable analysis Anova into two ways. The statistical analysis determine the dissimilarity alterations on the micro-vessels during experimental induced cirrhosis by Bile Duct Ligations (BDL) and CCI4 techniques performed on rat liver vessels, the investigations improve understanding micro vessels morphology and morphogenesis from vascular corrosion cast for the duration of cirrhosis stages. This study introduced ratio of surface area (SA) divided over ﬁrst derivative surface area (FDSA) for the vessels, this ratio (SA/FDSA) introduced from granulometry mathematical morphology exposed to measure and determine the alterations in vessels, this ratio solidiﬁed by statistical analysis. Secondly, the thesis was studied and displayed the modeling and simulations of liver lobules by fractal geometry, the modeling and simulations included lobules physiology and morphology, the major purpose was to create ﬂow model with its simulation including streams of the ﬂuids contained within lobules of the liver, the minor purpose was to model oxygen distributions imier parts of the lobules.
MODELING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN THE SUDAN (Case study Rift Valley Fever 2006/2007)
(Al-Neelain University, 2015) ADIL FARAH IDRISS ALI
ABSTRACT Accurate assessments of the epidemiological and economic impacts of an animal disease require a multidisciplinary technical groups and cooperation between veterinarian, economist and statisticians. This thesis try to use different epidemiological parameters with different economic analysis techniques making use of mathematical equation as estimators’ ( econometrics) to develop dynamic space-time predictive models of risk for infectious animal disease epidemics. Many of livestock diseases in the Sudan which are endemic/or epidemic with potentially vast socioeconomic impacts. Rift valley fever (RVF) which have received wide coverage in the recent media, which causes a great panic at domestic consumers and producers ,the occurrence of such animal disease outbreaks makes determination of optimal economic losses is difficult, where the policy makers were based on relative economic impacts of different response based on little prior information. The motivation for this thesis was the recent real RVF outbreak or rumors in Sudan 2007, (that have different economic impacts at both micro and macro level, however we are interested in developing more general techniques that can be applied to other animal diseases. However it has been shown that the dynamics of the disease or rumors of the disease are not uniform across the whole of the Sudan and can vary significantly across different spatial regions. Of concern here is exploring whether modeling at a smaller spatial scale can provide more useful measures of risk and guide the development of more efficient control policies. I begin by introducing some of the main epidemiological issues and concepts involved in modeling infectious animal diseases, from the animal unit through to the herd population, to national level, then discuss the various modeling techniques that have been applied previously and show they were related to various epidemiological principals discussed in the separate sections. I then highlight some limitations with these approaches and offer potential ways in which economic analysis techniques could be used to overcome some of these problems. Lastly we formulate a spatial economic-epidemiological model and fit it to the simulation data-gap set with some simple initial covariates that fail to capture the dynamics of the disease. With this regard the cost benefit analysis, partial budget and market theories were applied to estimate the economics of RVF disease and its rumors. We also use these simulations to explore economic impacts in which space-time predictions of the hazard of infection can be used as a means of targeting control policies to areas of ‘high-risk’ of infection, that analyzed with different economic methods mainly cost benefit analysis and partial budget method. The thesis motivates a new modeling framework that is sensitive to the static and dynamics of disease, based on production function parameters, through the use of an integrated system dynamics or static framework. In this thesis, we develop new approaches and frameworks for the analysis of economic impacts of RVF-diseases outbreak and its rumors. We propose greater utilization of "bottomup" analyses, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of value chain and information economics approaches in impact analyses and stressing the importance of improved integration between the epidemiology of disease and its relationships with economic behavior. This research focused on the economic assessment of the livestock sector and human vulnerability to a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak. Livestock economic impact assessment is done by using an integrated model to examine the extent of RVF spread in the Al-Gazira state livestock population and its consequences where ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE SUDAN (Case study Rift Valley Fever / 2006 -2007) 12 in Khartoum state the economic assessment was taken from the RVF-rumors and its emerging risk probability. Human impact assessment utilized an inferential procedure, which comprises of a cost of illness calculation to assess the dollar cost of human illness and deaths, as well as a disability adjusted life year to give an estimate of the burden of the disease on public health as whole. This thesis has outlined the key assumptions underlying economic model choice and has given an overview of how the linked model has been developed of the three most often used economic models –CCBA, PE, and market value chain. The choice will depend on the disease characteristic, epidemic model, restriction policies, risk attitudes and perception, and other economic externalities. Results indicate substantial potential loss to the Sudan, where combined livestock and human national costs ranged from six to sevenbillion SDG.
اتجاهات الاستثمار في ولاية دار فور الكبري
(جامعة النيلين, 2003-01) علي موسي محمد ابو غرة
Abstract l This thesis undertakes to investigate investment and its importance to development in Sudan in general and Darfur State! in particular. Economists and investment scholars have reiterated that investment is an important factor in steering the wheel of economic activity and boom in the national revenue. The greater Darfur State abounds in huge and various resources that have not been exploited for development purposes. There have not been true investments despite the huge potentials and the various investment opportunities. The lack of investment projects can be attributed, interalia, to the absence of strategies, balanced national policies, ﬁnancing rand infrastructure problems, and political and security stability. ' The study aimed at showing the signiﬁcance of investment in stirring the available recourses in the state. V p Descriptive and analytical methods which are used to on the review and explicatation of what have been mentioned im the resources, reports and scientiﬁc papers, have been used to deduce necessary information , in addition to what has been obtained through interviews and discussions. _ A number of conclusions are reached to; the most of which are; Greater Darfur State is one of the richest States of Sudanl with regard to natural resources; it is the third after Gezira and Khartoum States, population-wise. I-lowever, it is one of the most backward states of Sudan, economically and socially duelto its poor inl’rastructure and lack of development projects. l The study recommends that it is indispensible to accelerate the establishment ofthe regional planning Board in order to lay the objectives and development strategies and the priorities. Thelboard should ﬁnd a unit for economic research to collect data for analysis and to carry out economic and social feasibility studies and investment projects. '
اتجاهات البحث في علم السياسة : دراسة نقدية للاسس المعرفية للتحليل السياسي
(جامعة النيلين, 2007) كنعان حمة غريب عبدالله
Abstract This study titled "The Research Methods in Political Science a Critical Study For Epistemological Basis For Political Analysis". It comprises an introduction, ﬁve chapters and a conclusion. The study lunched from the hypothesis connected witl1 the epistemological basis for research methods and paradigms for the political analysis. The study tackled the basic concepts as science, objectivism, bias, theory, political theory and research method concepts. Also the study dealt with many reach methods: philosophers contributions’ since the Greek era till the contemporary methodological changes, which witnessed levels of rupture and epistemological continuity in the traditional methodologies. The study showed that the political science had passed a series of historical stages. Every stage differed in methodologies and hypothesis about what is the best approach for analysis of the political phenomenon. The schools of the political thought which emerged during a historical stage had produced alterative concepts and visions about the question about political ontology. r The study showed that politics as a behavior, practice and symbols, was a joint human traditional heritage between different civilizations and cultures. But politics as a knowledgical ﬁeld, it is a modern science that surpassed the classic philosophical values and based on the philosophical and epistemic principles for positivism, which is represented in the surpassing of the quality values and I10fI'1'1S in research and adherence to the sense as a source of knowledge and application of the natural science paradigm in political science on the basis of the scientiﬁc method unity and separation between the values and facts. Behavioral method as a positive paradigm in political science was established in U.S.A. as a scientiﬁc revolution in political science human activity as a unit for analysis instead of the state and political institutions, and the use of the statistical methods in the analysis. But it faced many methodological crises which paved the way to the emergence of new methods and retumed back the relationship between the values, science and the full consideration of the qualitative and nomtative dimensions in political analysis.
اتجاهات تغيير النظم السياسية العربية في ظل صراع المصالح العالمية 2011م -2015م
(2015) شلعى بله بشاره محمد
ABSTRACT This study aims to build a typical perception, for the movement of Arab political change, And review the directions of change in the region in light of the interests of global conﬂict, intemal, regional and international variables, And its impact on the countries of the Arab Spring, so it was a concem for political change in the region and what objectives it will achieve, of freedom, social justice, democratic governance model, political stability, peaceful rotation of power, and a real popular participation pervades the Arab world. The importance of research is to shed light on the issue of global conﬂict of interests in the Arab world region and its repercussions on the Arab social movement. ' The research problem is how to achieve a fundamental change as a goal led the Arab popular revolutions, and through that change of public service issues, popular participation, and the peaceful transfer of power after toppling the dictatorship, and the establishment of democratic systems. The study is built on a basic hypothesis, which is that the global conﬂict of interest in the region represents the biggest obstacle to political change directions. Thus, the interventions and the effects of the global centers of inﬂuence, in order to achieve its interests in the region has created a political, social and economic reality hindered the processes of change. The study relied__on sources of information on primary sources, was the releases, and other secondary sources collected from multiple sources, including ﬁeld reconnaissance sources. V The research problem lies in the importance of the change as a central objective led the Arab people’s revolutions .And through it accidentally popular achieve, dropping dictatorship and the establishment of democratic systems. The results of the study conﬁrmed that monopolize power and political exclusion and lack of reforms and innovation in systems, deteriorating economic conditions, high poverty and unemployment rates, key factors in the revolutions. The lack of political consensus and divisions and conflicts have affected the management of the transitional period, led to negative trends in the change, chaos and instability, and that the youth have an important political role in the movement of change. There is also a popular political consciousness of the fundamental rights, freedom and social justice. There is also an active role of external factor in the positive transformation in some countries and, and on the hand, there is an external negative role, effect the direction of change towards negative.
‫إتجاهات وفرص وحدة القرن الأفريقي‬
(2010) ‫عمار السجاد الشيخ محمد‬
أثار الهجرة الخارجية علي الأسرة السودانية المهاجرة والمجتمع السودانى في الفترة منة العام 2000 -2010م
(2012) دولة الصادق الأمين صبير
Abstract Study examined the phenomenon of migration of the Sudanese Foreign volunteer to work abroad because of the escalation and continuation oﬂ prompting to study this phenomenon of old and new social and stand on its various aspects. The study addressed the issue of migration in general and addressed to their types and the most important causes and effects occurred as a social phenomenon and occurs in all countries of the world. Turning to migration in the Sudan, and some statistics on the size, and dealt with the most tendency to migration of the Sudanese, the study also addressed the most important reasons for migration of Sudanese abroad. Then study examined the effects of migration on the family Sudanese immigrant, ﬁrst represented in its effects on immigrant Sudanese immigrant as a mainstay of the family and a member of the actor as well as the effects of migration on the rest of the family of sons and wife. Her study the effects of migration on the family because the family is the nucleus of society and because it is the most important social systems that are normalized generations and their development and prepare them for the life of social actors, and because the family Sudanese immigrant is facing immigration transition from community home community abroad and its stability and the achievement of goals and ambition of its members who ﬁt and achieve the objectives community, al1d stabilize and balance the society develops and grows. The study examined the effects of migration on the Sudanese society as a social phenomenon existed in the past but have undergone recent developments, and have different aspects that have affected and affect many systems and other social organizations in the Sudanese society. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to address the phenomenon of migration to the Sudanese in its various aspects, and used some of the primary sources of data collection, namely, (questionnaire and observation and personal interview, as well as some secondary sources the various represented in the books, references, research papers, journals and reports), and used the study to some opinion polls year, and some articles from the World Wide Web (Internet). The study reached the following results: l - improving the living situation and ﬁnd greater ﬁnancial income of the most important reasons for migration of Sudanese working abroad. 2 - to beneﬁt the state economically through remittances and taxes and the national contribution to the Sudanese working abroad. 3 - Immigration attract foreign youth groups and people with scientiﬁc qualiﬁcations as others. 4 - had a large number of Sudanese_,living abroad to work in the disciplines of their specialization is. 5 - the brain drain of scientiﬁc and practical Sudanese outside Sudan deprived the opportunity to beneﬁt from their efforts in the development of the nation. 6 - Check—migration sufﬁciently material to the Sudanese immigrant family. ' . 7 - check the beneﬁts of migration other than the material is to gain practical experience and scientiﬁc
اثر اتفاقيات قسمة مياة النيل علي الامن القومي لدول الحوض ( السودان ومصر نموذجا)
(جامعة النيلين, 2014-09) دفع الله الغالي عبد الحي فضل
Abstract The importance of this research in addressing the issue of dividing the waters of the Nile and its impact on national security of the countries of the basin, and that what the region is witnessing tensions because of a dispute over water agreements. The search touched to know and the concept of national security language and idiomatically, and then subjected to the study of geographical area of the Nile Basin. And then eating water resources and their uses in both states of the Nile Basin countries. Also touched on the issue of the Nile water effect on the relations between Sudan and Egypt, assuming that they study the case, and the relationship of the issue of water border dispute or what is known as the cause of Halayib. And shed light on the water disputes and clarify the effect of dividing the water on the national security of the basin states (selected models in conﬂict situations around the water Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia). The problem of how to search in the presence of the best way to ﬁnd a common denominator between the Nile Basin countries in light of the increasing demand for water use with no agreement for the water department, where the consequent answer to several sub-questions represent the solution to this problem. Where the researcher assumes the existence of a strong relationship between the conﬂict over the Nile water and the absence of an agreement governing and regulating water relations between the countries of the basin. In conclusion, the issue of dividing the discussion dealt with the Nile water agreements and their impact on national security of the countries of the basin through the refusal of these countries to the Convention in 1959 and the debate about the Framework Convention and the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is something rejected by Egypt altogether. The researcher used a number of approaches in dealing with this subject, such as the descriptive approach the historical method analytical approach statistical approach legal approach and comparative approach, and drew a researcher of his infonnation from the Koran and the Sunnah, and primary and secondary sources, periodicals and open source various audible and legible and visible. The study concluded that the most important of which are the results of the threats to the national security of the basin states the following: - The absence of an agreement by the complex of all the basin countries. - The need to enact laws governing water relations between the countries of the basin.
أثر اتفاقيات منظمة التجارة العالمية علي صناعة الأدوية في السودان
(2013) عوض الله محجوب محمد زين
Abstract - The study deals with the subject of the Impact of the World Trade Organization agreements on the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan, and the problem is study the implications of the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan by the application of the WTO agreements especially with regard to the protection of intellectual property rights. ' The study aimed to ﬁnd out the study and analysis of intemational trade agreements (GATT, WTO), particularly with regard to the protection of the rights of trade-related intellectual property (TRIPS), and the impact of the application of these agreements on the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan. The most important hypotheses addressed by the study is that ﬁnancing, raw materials a nd de mand f or m edicines manufactured 1 ocally d oes not affect signiﬁcantly the production of medicines in Sudan, the independent variables (the number of factories and population) is not a signiﬁcant effect on the production of medicines in Sudan, inﬂuenced by the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan, a positive result of the application of the WTO Agreements, inﬂuenced by the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan, a negative result of the application of the WTO agreements. To achieve the objectives of the study the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, where he designed a questionnaire was distributed to pharmaceutical factories and relevant industry medicines in Sudan, using the S tatistical P ackage for the S ocial S ciences, SPSS data analysis through the use of tools descriptive statistics and analytical methods to test and prove the hypotheses. Also relied on Secondary data of books, periodicals, journals and publications, theses, in a review of the literature on the subject of the study. The study found several results of the most important factors are independent (ﬁnance, raw material demand for drugs, and the number of the population),'have the ability to explain the variation in the changes that have occurred over the worker's (local production) for the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan, and there are some positive effects of the application of items WTO Agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan is to provide great opportunities for exports of medicines and force to the markets of foreign countries, and that the application of Conventions World Trade Organization, especially with regard to the Convention on the Rights of intellectual property will result in a rise in the prices of medicines produced locally due to pay the cost of the rights to owners patents, or disrupt some production lines or the stoppage of production of certain varieties drug that is not purchased the rights of its patents, and the decline of production pharmacological local, and lack of capital invested in the pharmaceutical industry in Sudan, and the multiplicity of factories and the similarity of their products and the lack of spending in research and development, which weakens their ability competitive agreements and meet the requirements of the protection of intellectual property rights relating to trade TRIPS.
اثر اتفاقية السلام على النظام السياسى والسلام في السودان
(2015) فيصل عبدالله المحجوب محمد عثمان
مستخلص اشكالية البحث تتمثل في اثر أتفاقية السلام الشامل المتوقعة بين حكومة السودان والحركة الشعبية لتحرير السودان علي النظام السياسي والسلام في السودان ، حيث لم يكن أثر أتفاقية السلام محدوداً علي أشياء بعينها بل فاق التصور حيث أثرت علي كل نواحي الحياة في السودان السياسية منها والاقصادية والاجتماعية ، وكانت هنالك حوجه لنظام سياسي راسخ وقوي لكي يقوم بتنفيذ الاتفاقية علي الواقع وأن ينزل القوانين واللوائح حيز التنفيذ ، ويعالج المشاكل التي تطرأ نتيجة للتنفيذ وأن يجتاز الصعوبات والعقبات الطارئة والغير محسوبة ، ومعالجة القضايا الغير منظورة في الاتفاقية ، ويجب علية ان يفسر بنود الاتفاقية بطريقة صحيحة حتي لا يحدث نوع من الخلاف والفرقة ، أو الخروج من روح الاتفاقية وأهدافها . أرست أتفاقية السلام الشامل دعائم قوية تعزز وحدة السودان وتجعلة يعيش في سلام حيث قدمت بروتوكولات أقتسام السلطة وأقتسام الموارد بطريقة عادلة أرضت كل الاطراف وأدخلت الطمأنينة في النفوس وما طرق من أقتسام للسلطة وتقسيم الموارد كان مرضياً وللاسف لم يستمر الحال حتي أنتهت الفترة الانتقالية بالانفصال الذي أرجع كل السودان الي حالة الحرب . وكذلك ماجاء في أتفاقية السلام من أتفاق لمناطق جنوب كردفان ( جبال النوبة ) والنيل الازرق كان مرضياً وموفقاً . وجاء التنفيذ ناجحاً وموثراً علي الحياة في تلك المناطق حيث سادها الاستقرار وشئ من التنمية . ولم يستمر ذلك أيضاً بسبب أنفصال الجنوب ورجوع الحركة الشعبية في تلك المناطق الي مربع الحرب . أعطي البحث أهتماماً لقضية تقرير المصير وراي المجتمع الدولي ومنظمة الوحدة الافريقية والامم المتحدة والاحزاب السودانية والدول الكبري ودول الجوار السوداني الرافضة لحق تقرير المصير الذي يحقق الانفصال والحديث عن الانفصال واثاره السالبة علي الشمال والجنوب . ناقش البحث بروتوكول الترتيبات الامنية وأثره علي الاستقرار للبلاد ، ما أتسم به هذا البروتوكول في التطبيق التزام من جانب الحكومة بصورة ممتازة وعدم التزام من الحركة الشعبية بصورة كبيرة وذلك لنيتها المسبقة للانفصال ، وعدم مقدرتها من الخروج من حالة المعارضة ، ولم تستطيع ان تتكيف مع وضع الاتفاقية الداعية الي التسامح والتعاون ونبز العنف والفوضي والاحتكام الي المؤسسية والقانون ، وقدم الباحث الخاتمة والنتائج التي توصل لها وكذلك قدم توصيات يهتدي بها في مستقبل السلام في السودان .
اثر أحداث سبتمبر 2001 على الاستيراتيجية الأمريكية في الشرق الأوسط (دراسة حالة العراق )
(جامعة النيلين, 2018) مازن خليل إبراهيم علي
المستخلص. مثلت أحداث 11 سبتمبر 2001، مقدمة لمتغيرات مؤثرة على مبادئ القانون الدولي العام، في مجال التدخل. هذا خلق إشكاليات في العلاقات الدولية خصوصاً استخدام استيراتيجية القوة. هذه الدراسة موضوعها مناقشة اثر احداث 11 من سبتمبر على استيراتيجيات الأمن القومي الأميركي، وماهو الغرض من ذلك. اذ تمثلت اشكاليتها في معرفة التأثيرات على الشرق الاوسط وخصوصاً العراق اثر هذه التحولات في الرؤية الامريكية. قامت الدراسة على فرضية ان هناك تحولات جذرية في استيراتيجية التدخلات الامريكية في الشرق الاوسط بعد احداث الحادي عشر من سبتمبر. وفي سبيل مناقشة هذا استخدمة الدراسة منهجية متداخلة لاثبات او نفي هذ الاثر مثل المنهج التاريخي عند مناقشة التدخل الدولي، ثم المنهج التحليلي للاستيراتيجية الأمريكية، والقرارات المتعاقبة من مجلس الأمن على حالة العراق. وصولا إلى المنهج القانوني لتفسير القرارات الدولية لضرب العراق، والغاية من ذلك. تم كل ذلك بالاعتماد على جمل من المصادر المختلفة . مثل الكتب العربية والاجنبية وايضا القرارات والتقارير ...الخ. أثبتت نتائج الدراسة ان المتغيرات التي حصلت في مبادئ القانون الدولي العام والعلاقات الدولية بعد أحداث 11 سبتمبر 2001، جاءة لضمان امن أمريكا وحلفائها، وذلك باستخدام الأمم المتحدة، كأداة لخدمة هذه المصالح . Abstract The events of September 11, 2001, were an introduction to influential changes in the principles of general international law in the area of such intervention, which led to the creation of problems in international relations, especially the use of the strategy of force. This study is a discussion of the impact of the September 11 attacks on US national security strategies, and its purpose, where it was problematic to know the effects on the Middle East, especially Iraq, following these shifts in the American vision. The study is based on the hypothesis that there are radical shifts in the strategy of US interventions in the Middle East after 9/11. In order to discuss this, the study used an overlapping methodology to prove or deny this effect, such as the historical approach when discussing international intervention; then the analytical approach to American strategy, and the successive resolutions of the Security Council on the situation of Iraq to arrive at the legal approach to interpret international resolutions to strike Iraq, All this was done on the basis of several different sources, such as Arabic and foreign books, resolutions, reports, etc. The results of the study showed that the changes that took place in the principles of international public law and international relations after the events of September 11, 2001, came to ensure the security of America and its allies, via using the United Nations, as a tool to serve these interests.
أثر إدارة المخاطر علي الاكتتاب وتسوية المطالبات في شركات التأمتن دراسة تطبيقية في سوق التأمتن السوداني
(جامعة النيلين, 2019) الصديق جادين بابكر محمد
المستخلص تناولت الدراسة أثر إدارة المخاطر علي الاكتتاب وتسوية المطالبات في شركات التأمين السودانية وهدفت الدراسة إلي التعرف على ما إذا كانت سياسات إدارة المخاطر في شركات التأمين السودانية توضع بطريقة علمية والمخاطر التي تواجهها ودراسة أثر إعادة التأمين علي الطاقة الاستيعابية ومعدلات الخسائر لدي شركات التأمين المباشرة حيث تمثلت مشكلة البحث في تقصي أثر إدارة المخاطر على الاكتتاب وتسوية المطالبات ولأغراض هذه الدراسة استندت على عدة فروض منها أنه توجد علاقة بين إدارة المخاطر والتسعير في شركات التأمين السودانية إضافة إلي وجود علاقة بين إدارة المخاطر وتنوع المحفظة التأمينية في شركات التأمين السودانية وتوجد علاقة بين إدارة المخاطر وإعادة التأمين في شركات التأمين السودانية كما توجد علاقة بين إدارة المخاطر والاحتيال في المطالبات في شركات التأمين السودانية . إتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي والتحليل الإحصائي المعتمد على المصادر الأولية والثانوية المتعلقة بموضوع الدراسة توصلت الدراسة إلي عدة نتائج أهمها : شركات التأمين السودانية لا تلتزم بتطبيق الأسعار التي يحددها الاكتواريين وضعف تنوع المحفظة التأمينية وإعتماد شركات التأمين السودانية علي الاكتتاب في السيارات فقط وأيضا الترتيب الجيد لاتفاقيات إعادة التأمين يعمل علي حماية المركز المالي لشركات التأمين المباشرة في حالة الأخطار شديدة الحده وتوسيع الطاقة الاستيعابية كما توصلت الدراسة الى أن في شركات التأمين السودانية تتعرض لخطر الاحتيال في المطالبات بصورة كبيرة . خلصت الدراسة إلى عدة توصيات أهمها : يجب على شركات التأمين السودانية الالتزام بتطبيق الأسعار التي يحددها الاكتواريين وعدم استخدام السعر كعامل للمنافسة وضرورة تنوع المحفظة التأمينية وابتكار خدمات تأمينية حديثة لتفادي تمركز الخطر وحث شركات التأمين المباشرة علي ضرورة الترتيب الجيد لاتفاقيات إعادة التأمين والاستفادة من معيدي التأمين في تدريب الكوادر الفنية وضرورة وضع تشريعات قوية ورادعة لمقدمي الخدمة لتقليل خطر الاحتيال في المطالبات Abstract The Study Examined the impact Of risk management On underwriting and Claims settlement in Sudanese insurance Companies .The Study aimed to identify whether the risk management Policies in the Sudanese insurance companies are Formulated in a scientific way and the risk they face, and to the study the effect of reinsurance on the absorptive capacity and loss rates of direct insurance companies . The Study problem focused on the impact of risk management on underwriting and claim settlement . For The Purposes OF The Study , it way based on several assumption. There is a relationship between risk management and pricing in Sudanese insurance companies. In addition to relationship between risk management and the diversity of insurance portfolio in Sudanese insurance companies , a relationship between risk management and reinsurance in Sudanese insurance companies , There is also a relationship between risk management and fraud in claims in Sudanese insurance companies. The Study followed the descriptive approach and the statistical analysis based on primary and secondary source related to the subject of the study . The study found several results, the most important of which are Sudanese insurance companies that are not committed to applying the rates set by actuaries , the weakness of the insurance portfolio diversification , the Sudanese insurance companies reliance on underwriting to motors only , and also the good arrangement to reinsurance agreements works to protect the financial position of direct insurance companies case of severe risks and expand Absorption capacity the study also found that the Sudanese insurance companies are at greet risk of fraud in claims . The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are : the Sudanese insurance companies must adhere to applying the rates set by actuaries , not using the price as a factor in competition, the need to diversify the insurance portfolio, and innovate modern insurance services to avoid the concentration of risk , urging direct insurance companies on the necessary of properly arranging reinsurance agreements and making use of reinsurance in training technical cadres and the need to put in place strong and deterrent legislation for service providers to reduce the risk of fraudulent claims,
أثر أزمة المياه على الاستقرار في الشرق الأوسط (دراسة حالة حوض نهر الفرات 1988 - 2018م)
(جامعة النيلين, 2019) بديعة سليمان علي عبد القادر
تهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر أزمة المياه على الاستقرار في الشرق الأوسط عامة، وعلى حوض نهر الفرات خاصة، حيث تتجسد المشكلة في توزيع المياه والأنصبة والحصص المائية بين دول حوض نهر الفرات وانتقلت الأزمة من أزمة مائية إلى قضية سياسية بارزة تتعلق بالأمن القومي لكل دول حوض نهر الفرات وتنبع أزمة المياه من كون المنطقة ذات موارد مائية شحيحة ومشتركه بين عدة دول( تركيا وسوريا والعراق)،ومدى تأثير هذه الأزمة عليهم خاصة وأن الماء العذب قد غدا مرشحا لإشعال الحروب في المنطقة وسيكون سبباً في صراعات دولية وبتطبيق المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التاريخي والمنهج المقارن والمنهج القانوني ومنهج دراسة الحالة توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج متوافقة مع الفرضيات وأثبتت جزء كبير منها ونتج وتبين أن أزمة المياه هذه لها تأثير على استقرار الشرق الأوسط ودول حوض نهر الفرات وكادت تتسبب في اشتباكات عسكرية خاصة بين سوريا والعراق عام1975، ونتج وتبين عمق الخلاف المائي بين تركيا وسوريا والعراق والاستغلال الغير منصف لمياه الحوض من جانب تركيا وعدم اعترافها بدولية نهر الفرات واعتباره نهرا وطنياً عابراً للحدود، فضلا إلى تلويثها مياه الفرات بالمبيدات ومخلفات المشاريع المائية العملاقة مثل الغاب التي شيدته عليه مما أضر بالأراضي الزراعية السورية والعراقية وأصابها بالتصحر وتضرر أمنهم البيئي مما يزيد من التوتر بينهم، ونتج من الدراسة أن هناك حلول للأزمة المياه وهي حلول إقتصادية وتقنية بعيدة عن الأمور السياسية والأمنية وحلول تفاضلية وكذلك تنفيذ مبدأ الحوافز المالية وتحسين العلاقات التجارية والاقتصادية والحوافز الاقتصادية البديلية والتعاون والطرق السلمية والقضائية لفض النزاعات والاتفاقيات الدولية ،لذا توصي الباحثة بتشكيل لجان مختصة تقنية وفنية غير سياسية من الدول الثلاثة تحدد نصيب كل دولة من مياه نهر الفرات وتعالج أسباب التلوث الناتج من المشاريع التركية وان يكون هناك تعاون مستمر من أجل سلامة مياه الحوض، كما توصي الباحثة بتشكيل هيئة دولية مشتركة من دول الحوض الثلاث لحماية حوض نهر الفرات. Abstract The study aims at finding out the impact of the water crisis on the stability of the Middle East in general and the Euphrates basin in particular. The problem is the distribution of water and water shares among the countries of the Euphrates basin. The crisis has shifted from a water crisis to a prominent political issue related to the national security of all countries. The crisis of the Euphrates River and the water crisis stems from the fact that the region has limited and shared water resources between several countries (Turkey, Syria and Iraq), and the extent of the impact of this crisis on them especially that the crisis of fresh water has become a candidate to ignite wars in the region and will be the cause of international conflicts and the application of descriptive approach and methodology The historical and the Comparative approach, legal approach and case study methodology The study reached results consistent with the hypotheses and proved a large part of them. This water crisis has had an impact on the stability of the Middle East and the Euphrates basin countries, and it caused major military clashes between Syria and Iraq in 1975. And unfair exploitation of the waters of the basin by Turkey and its non-recognition of the Euphrates Euphrates as a national river across the border, as well as the pollution of the Euphrates water with pesticides and the remnants of giant water projects such as the jungle, which built on it, The result of the study is that there are solutions to the water crisis, which are economic and technical solutions far from political and security issues and differential solutions, as well as the implementation of the principle of financial incentives, improving trade and economic relations, economic incentives, and cooperation and peaceful methods. And the judiciary to resolve disputes and international conventions, and therefore recommends the researcher to form committees specialized technical and technical non-political of the three countries determine the share of each state of the Euphrates River and address the causes of pollution resulting from the Turkish projects and that Since there is continuous cooperation for the safety of the basin water, as the researcher recommended the formation of a joint international body from the three basin countries to protect the Euphrates basin.
أثر استخدام الموارد على الصراعات الاثنية والسياسية والعشائرية في السودان (دراسة حالة المنطقة الجنوبية من لاية غرب كردفان)
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) عبد الرحمن الدقم بختان
المستخلص الهدف الرئيسي لهذه الدراسة هو توضيح آثار الصراع الدائر حول الموارد في ولاية غرب كردفان (بمنطقة القطاع الجنوبي من الولاية) على الوضع الإجتماعي والسياسي والبيئي، تجادل الدراسة بأن الصراع التقليدي على الموارد الطبيعية اشتد بعد أن زادت عمليات البترول من مشكلات المنطقة وتطور تطوراً نوعياً بأخذه الطابع الإثني السياسي والعشائري. أتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على دراسة الحالة من خلال المسح الميداني بمنطقة الدراسة لجمع المعلومات الأولية إضافة إلى الأدبيات التي ناقشت التركيبة السكانية والطبيعية للمنطقة. يمكن وضع الأهداف الرئيسية للدراسة على النحو التالي: 1. محاولة فهم طبيعية الصراع بالمنطقة. 2. توضيح إتجاهات الصراع على الموارد في المنطقة بأخذه الطابع الاثني السياسي والعشائري. 3. معرفة إلى اي مدى ساهم القادة المحليون في تقوية روح الإثنية كيف ولماذا؟. استعرضت الدراسة مكونات المنطقة من حيث الموقع،المناخ، الموارد الطبيعية، الثروة الحيوانية، والتركيبة السكانية. قدمت الدراسة سرداً تاريخياً للصراع الإثني بين دينكا نقوك والمسيرية مستعرضة تاريخ الهجرات إلى المنطقة للمجموعتين، وبداية الصراع التلقيدي ومن ثم تطوره إلى إثني سياسي وعشائري. أهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة: 1. تقوم منطقة الدراسة على توازن تاريخي دقيق وصعب بين الانسان والموارد الطبيعية المتاحة. 2. أهتز هذا التوازن نتيجة تغيرات عميقة أصابت المنطقة على مستويين السكان وبيئتهم الطبيعية. 3. كانت أهم المتغيرات الأساسية التي دخلت على توازن المنطقة هي: تدخلات الدولة الوطنية وسياساتها التنموية والسياسية والادارية والاستثمارية، المتغير الثاني: هو المتغيرات على المستوى البيئة الطبيعية. اقترحت الدراسة التوصيات الاتية: إعطاء اولوية للسكان من خلال إشراكهم في عملية اتخاذ القرار فيما يتعلق بمواردهم، الدولة يجب أن تؤكد حيادتها في عملية حل النزاع بين الفاعلين على المستوى المحلي، ضرورة إحسان إدارة الموارد المتاحة في منطقة الدراسة، إجراء دراسات متعمقة للظواهر الاجتماعية بغرض مخاطبتها عبر خطط التخطيط الاجتماعي. Abstract The main objective of this study is to illustrate social, political and environmental consequences of the ongoing resource-based conflict in the southern sector of West Kordofan State. The study argues that traditional conflicts over natural resources have been escalated after oil operation in the area only to increase its problems. This fact created a quality-shifit in conflict nature and increased the processes of making it more ethnic, political and lineagical. The study follows a descriptive and analytical approach relying on case study method based on empirical data collected during a one year fieldwork. This is added to secondary data on demographic and natural environment studies. The main objectives of the study could be presented as follows: 1. the study area is shaped by a fragile historical equilibrium between its humans and available natural resources components. 2. This equilibrium is altered by deep transformations occured to population and their natural environment. 3. The main factors affect the mentioned equilibrium in the area are along these lines: nation-state different interventions and its developmental, managerial and investment policies; changes occurred to the local natural environment. The study suggests many recommendations the most important among them are that priority must be given to people’s participation in decision making regarding their own natural environment, in addition government should emphasized its neutrality in any attempt to settle local conflicts arise between diverse actors at the grassroots level. Moreover, natural environment utilization should be improved in the study area; along with encouraging further studies of various social phenomena in the study area so as to incorporate it into social planning schemes.
أثر استخدام عناصر مزيج الخدمة المصرفية على إيرادات الخدمات المصرفية "دراسة حالة المصارف السودانية للفترة 2010-2016م"
(جامعة النيلين, 2018) محمد محمد طاهر قريش
المستخلص تناول البحث أثر استخدام عناصر مزيج الخدمة المصرفية لجذب الودائع, خلق الودائع و إيرادات الخدمات المصرفية، بالتطبيق على القطاع المصرفي السوداني للفترة (2010-2016م)، هدف البحث إلى التعرف على الواقع العلمي والعملي والإتجاهات الحديثة لأثر استخدام عناصر مزيج الخدمة المصرفية على جذب الودائع, خلق الودائع وإيرادات الخدمات المصرفية. تمحورت مشكلة البحث في الإجابة علي الاسئلة التالية: هل هنالك أثر فعًال لعناصرمزيج الخدمة المصرفية (الخدمات المصرفية، السعر، التوزيع، الترويج، العنصر البشري، المكونات المادية، العمليات) في جذب الودائع ؟. هل هنالك أثر فعًال لعناصرمزيج الخدمة المصرفية في خلق الودائع ؟. هل تؤثر عناصرمزيج الخدمة المصرفية على إيرادات الخدمات المصرفية ؟. استخدم البحث المنهج الوصفي التاريخي في الجوانب النظرية وتتبع الدراسات السابقة التي لها علاقة بموضوع البحث، كما تم استخدام منهج التحليلي الاحصائي في الجانب التطبيقي. توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج أهمها وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوي معنوية 0.05% بين عناصر مزيج الخدمة المصرفية وكل من جذب الودائع، خلق الودائع ، وإيرادات الخدمات المصرفية ومعاملات إرتباط 99%، 94%, و 74% على التوالي. خرج البحث بعدة توصيات أهمها، ضرورة تبني مزيج خدمات مصرفية متوافق ومترابط لتحقيق زيادة حجم التعامل مع المصرف ومن ثم تحقيق زيادة في جذب وخلق الودائع والأرباح خاصة أرباح إيرادات الخدمات المصرفية. Abstract The study tackled the impact of banking services combination on deposits attraction, creation and Banking services revenues. The study applied on Sudanese banking sector during the period (2010-2016). The research objective is to identify the impact of scientific and practical aspects, and recent trends of banking service mix-elements on deposits attraction, creation and banking services revenues. The research problem was formulated in order to answer the following questions: Does the impact the banking service elements (Product -Price –Place-Promotion - Physical components - Process - Personnel) has an effect on deposits? Do the banking service elements have an effect on deposit creation effectively? Do the banking service elements have an impact on the banking services revenues? The research used the historical descriptive method in the theoretical framework, and the previous studies .moreover the statistical method used in the applied work. The research found several results, the most important are: there are significant statistical relationship at significant level 0.05% between the banking service components and (deposits, deposits creation and banking revenues) under correlation coefficients 99%. 94%. 74%. Significant respectively, the study recommended that: the need to adopt a mixture of compatible and coherent banking services to raise the banking interaction and to increase deposits volume, deposit creation, and banking services revenues.
" اثر استراتيجية التنمية الصناعية علي الصناعة في السودان"
(جامعة النيلين, 2006) عثمان الديرديري خضر عبدالله
, Abstract The establishment of the industrial sector in Sudan was retumed to the laclt of industrial products during the Second World War beside the encouragement forithe industrial development by Sudan governments aﬁer independence. The reason for the slow industrial development in Sudan is due to many problems faces the industrial sector. This problems includes the lack of ﬁnance , high rat? of taxations and customs , poor supply and high pricing rate for the petroleum products and electric power , plus poor infrastructure ,lack of production iniiuts and expertise’s , and other different problems . l l Also from other important result obtained by this research more than 8?% of ithe industrial sector in Sudan depends on the agricultural and animals products. The research recommendations include that the preparation for the lindustrial development strategy demand implementation of certain policies and perfonnahbes include ﬁrstly the solution of all industrial sector problems. A Secondly the priority of the industiial development programs must be orien ed towards strategy of attractive investment conditions, speciﬁcation and qualiity insurance, sectoral co-operative, and direction of industrial investment toward rieal needs. l This research studies the details of the industrial sector in Sudan and its probllems and arise the important strategies for attaining industrial developmen
أثر اقتصاديات هندسة النقل والمرور والتخطيط العمراني على نمو مدينة الخرطوم عمرانيا ومروريا
(2013) عبدالله بابكر عبد النبى مصطفى
Abstract : This research is about one of the important planning problems in the field of physical planning in the metropolitan area in the city of Khartoum. The planning problem can be classified as a traffic congestion problem, which affecting the study area, and its taking place almost during the main effective hours of the day. So this thesis is trying to find a solution for this problem and this study is taking care for one of important topic , that the engineering economy , beside the traffic science & physical planning as an umbrella which covering the research. The study is standing on a useful data which has been collected by some volunteers (students in the planning studies) using field survey. This data collection of this thesis can be summarized in to the following points: 1. Background theory and similar previous research. 2. Part of the data which involved in this research was collected from the executive sector which related to the research area. 3. In addition, of course the collection of data from the field which already have mentioned. 4. Also there is a collected data from the field using another way that is questionnaires system, which is very useful. * The thesis has successfully identified the problem of the research, and suggested some ideas, which may give a good solution to research problem. Finally, there is a list of important references, which can used for future similar study. And there is a useful appendix.
اثر الارهاب علي تغير نمط العلاقات العربية - الغربية 1990 - 2005
(جامعة النيلين, 2007) خليفة عبدالسلام خليفة الشاوش
Abstract Prior to the September ll, 2001 attacks on the United States, few people were expecting that the issue of terrorism would be on the top of the international political agenda, since no country in the world can distance itself from being involved in the issue of terrorism in any way, as it could be subject to or victim of terrorism or might sponsor, ﬁnance or use it for achieving it's objectives and serving its interests. Many people dealt with terrorism phenomenon from different perspectives and various viewpoints, due to the difference of international situations, diversity of regimes and conﬂict of interests between political units. Opinions regarding the concept of terrorism varied and its deﬁnitions accounted for more than forty ﬁve deﬁtions, the difference between them was a result of controversy of vision, perspective and start. However, what attracted attention was the fact, that in the midst of this debate the Arab World and Islamic faith were not often victim ofterrorism only, but the object of accusation by the European countries and the United States of America. The aim of this was not more than creating a persistent state of conﬂic and quarrel act. As result ofthis, the West has intensiﬁed its attacks and started to link "international terrorism" with what it called “lslamic violence". What made things more complex is the terrorist activities exercised by some Islamic groups, who misinterpreted religion and the Understudying of the
أثر الإستثمار الأجنبي المباشر على التنمية الزراعية في ولاية نهر النيل (1997 ـ 2017م)
(جامعة النيلين, 2022) العباس العوض إبراهيم العباس
المستخلص تناول البحث اثر الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر على التنمية الزراعية في ولاية نهر النيل في الفترة 1997م إلي 2017م . تمثلت مشكلة البحث في الإجابة على السؤال ما هو اثر الاستثمار الاجنبي على تنمية وزراعة المحاصيل في ولاية نهر النيل . هل ساهم الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر في زيادة التنمية الزراعية في ولاية نهر النيل هل هنالك علاقة بين الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر والمساحة المزروعة من البرسيم والأعلاف والحبوب الغذائية . هل هنالك علاقة بين الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر والانتاج الزراعي من البرسيم والأعلاف والحبوب الغذائية . ما هي ابرز مشكلات ومعوقات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في ولاية نهر النيل . حيث تبرز أهمية البحث من أهمية دور الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في تنمية القطاع الزراعي بولاية نهر النيل . استخدم البحث المنهج الوصفي لتحليل البيانات . افترض البحث وجود علاقة قوية بين الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والمساحة المزروعة من البرسيم والحبوب الغذائية والأعلاف ، كما توجد علاقة قوية ايضاً بين الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والانتاج الزراعي من البرسيم والحبوب الغذائية والأعلاف . توصل البحث لعدد من النتائج اهمها : ان هنالك علاقة قوية جداً بين الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والمساحة المزروعة من البرسيم والحبوب الغذائية والأعلاف وذلك لأنه عندما ارتفع الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر من 350مليون دولار في عام 1997م إلي 370.7مليون دولار في عام 1998م بنسبة 5.6% أدى ذلك إلي ارتفع المساحة المزروعة من 139681فدان إلي 2190917 فدان بنسبة 32.2% ، وعندما انخفض الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر من 1841.8مليون دولار ، في عام 2006م إلي 1504.4مليون دولار ، في عام 2017م أدى ذلك إلي انخفاض المساحة المزروعة من 477745 فدان إلي 415305 فدان بنسبة 19.6% ، كما يؤثر الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر بصورة كبيرة على الانتاج الزراعي من محاصيل البرسيم والأعلاف والحبوب الغذائية حيث أنه عندما ارتفع الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر من 350مليون دولار في عام 1997م إلي 370.7مليون دولار في عام 1998م أدى ذلك إلي زيادة الانتاج الزراعي من محاصيل البرسيم والحبوب الغذائية والذرة والأعلاف من 573972 طن إلي 1372668 بنسبة 58.2% ، وعندما انخفض الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر من 24059مليون دولار في عام 2012م إلي 198374مليون دولار في عام 2017م أدى ذلك إلي انخفاض اجمالي الانتاج من 1487116 طن إلي 1357420 طن بنسبة 8.8% . يوصي البحث بضرورة ان تتم تنمية وتطور القطاعات الفرعية للقطاع الزراعي في اطار رؤية شاملة للواقع الزراعي بصفة خاصة والواقع الاقتصادي السوداني بصفة عامة وفي سبيل تحقيق أهداف التنمية والتطوير للقطاع الزراعي . الاهتمام بالبنيات التحتية الاساسية . التركيز على الاستثمارات الاجنبية في القطاع الزراعي التي تؤدي إلي تحقيق التنمية الزراعية والاقتصادية في الولاية والسودان . العمل على هل نزاعات الأراضي بين المستثمرين الأجانب والمواطنين وعمل تسويات إدارية لكل الأراضي الحكومية لتشجيع الاستثمار والتوسع في الرقعة الزراعية باستثمار الأراضي غير المستغلة للولاية . Abstract: The research investigates the association between foreign investment and the area and production of some crops in River Nile State (1997-2017). The paper's main goal was to answer the questions: "Is there a relationship between the independent variables "Alfalfa and fodder production, Alfalfa and fodder area, food grain production, food grain area, legumes production, legumes area, total cultivated area) and the foreign investment as a dependent variable in the River Nile State, where the significance of the paper highlights the importance of foreign investment in the development of the agricultural sector in the River Nile State. The study employed the descriptive-analytical method and statistical analysis (E-Views program) to analyze the study data. As for the statistical treatments, graphs were used to determine the general trend of the study variables during the period (1997-2017). And the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find out the correlation between the study's variables (Foreign Direct Investment)) as a dependent variable and the production of legumes, the land-area of legumes, and the cultivated area as independent variables. The simple linear regression technique was also used to find out the effect of the independent variables (alfalfa and fodder production, Alfalfa and fodder area, food grain production, food grain area, legumes production, legumes area, and total cultivated area) on the dependent variables (Foreign direct investment) separately. The paper confirmed a statistically significant relationship between foreign investment as a dependent variable and the mentioned independent variables as explanatory variables. The paper reached several results, the most important of which is a positive correlation between foreign investment and these independent variables in River Nile State, where the value of the And the increase in agricultural production of "alfalfa and fodder, food grains, legumes" by one-ton results in the growth of Foreign investment by It is recommended that the sub-sectors of the agricultural sector should be grown and developed under the framework of a comprehensive vision for the condition of agriculture in particular and the Sudanese economic environment in general. And for the sake of achievement of the growth and development of this sector, the government needs to shed light and consideration on the infrastructure and encourage foreign investment in this sector, which in turn result in agricultural and economic growth in the River Nile State and Sudan in general. Also, the government should endeavor to settle down any land-area disputes between the foreign investors and the citizens and achieve administrative compromises for all public land-area to motivate the investment and expand the cultivated land by using the unused area in the State.