Masters theses : Science
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Item Determination of Conventional Sugars in Some Sudanese Honey Samples(AL-Neelain University, 2014) SHEEREEN MOHAMMED ABD ALLAH MOHAMMEDThe aim of this research is to determine the percentage of conventional sugars (glucose, sucrose fructose and maltose) in three honey samples collected from BORAM and JEBEL MARRA and KRFAI . The value of refractive index, PH and water content were measured and obtained to be : refractive index 1.49 , 1.49 and 1.489 respectively.PH 4.00 , 4.40 and 4.29 respectively .water content 20 , 19 and 12.6 respectively. The percentage of glucose and fructose and sucrose determined by classical methods (lane-Eynon and iodometric titration) were 36.2 . 37.48 and 35.2 respectively in Boram sample 33.9 , 36.5 and 3.9 in Jebel Marra sample 40.0 ,19.66 andll.36 in Krfai sample. The percentage of glucose and fmctose, sucrose, and maltose determined by HPLC were in Boram sample 31.98 , 38.41 , 0.423 and 1.249 in Jebel Marra sample 35.32 , 37.41 , 0.702 and 0.790 in Krfai sample 35.80 , 33.40 , 15.71 and zero The results obtained by HPLC were usually more accurate , because the technique is more sensitive compared to classical methods From estimation (Fructose / glucose)F/G ratio we found that honey of Boram and Jebel Marra seem to be more genuine ,but the honey of a Krfai may be mixed with other sweeteners most probably cane honey or molasses (artificial honey).Item Assessment of Metals in Pigeon pea and Grewia tenax (Algudim)(AL-Neelain University, 2014) Zeinab Hussain Hassan AbdallaThis study was conducted on the pigeon pea collected from White Nile State and grawia tenax collected from Aldeain area in northDarfur State to determine the concentration of some essential trace elements such as (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe) by using AAS and UV visible spectroscopy . The result ofpigeon pea analysis by AAS showed a high concentration of Magnesium (77.9 ppm), and (7.1538 ppm) of Ca ( 6.1758 ppm) of Zn and low concentration ofFe (0.7993 ppm). The grawia tenax revealed the following Ca concentration is high (60.03l2 ppm), Mg (4.6912 ppm), Fe (l.0864 ppm), and Zn was found at low concentration(0.387 ppm). The Assessment of iron using UV visible spectroscopy in both samples, it was found that the concentration of iron is fairly identical. -Item Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Lipstick from Local Markets in Khartoum State(AL-Neelain University, 2014) Suliman ahmedEvidence of the use of cosmetics, including lipsticks has been found in civilizations as early as ancient Mesopotamia. Many of the cosmetics used throughout history have contained potentially toxic elements and other contaminants. Ancient Egyptians used cosmetics containing large amounts of lead and cadmium. Modern cosmetic is perceived to be free of dangerous toxins due to the widespread regulations of many consumer products. Heavy metals toxicity to the humans and animals is the result of long term, low or high level exposure to pollutants common in our environment including air we breathe, water, food etc. A part from these, numerous consumer products like cosmetics and toiletries have been reported as source of heavy metal exposure to human beings. Heavy metals like lead and cadmium may result in poisoning and skin problems. This study concerns about determination of two toxic metals lead and cadmium, and the main purpose is to examine the potential for lead and cadmium contamination in lipsticks. l6 lipsticks from different brand and countries and different colors were tested for the presence and amount of lead and cadmium by ICP.OES and F—AAS Standard addition technique and used for comparison of contents of lead and cadmium concentration. All samples of lipstick were higher than US-FDA Standard (0.lppm) for lead and cadmium and the average of the lead contents in colors were 5.385ppm for blood red color, 4.485ppm for pink color and 3.602ppm for strawberry color. While the average of the cadmium contents in colors were 2.872ppm for blood red color, l.8l7ppm for pink color, l.772ppm for strawberry color and l.649ppm for brown color.Item Assessment of Trace Elements in Carrots(AL-Neelain University, 2014) Somaia Abd-Alhafeez Hamad HassanCarrot is the most useful vegetable certain for supplying the human body with important elements. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of trace elements (calcium, magnesium, iron and potassium) in carrot samples by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results revealed the highest concentrations of these elements are calcium (13.1 18) ppm (16.95) ppm (14.024) ppm.Item Preparation of Alum from Sudanese Kaolin Ore(AL-Neelain University, 2014) Sara Kamal AbbasItem Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Hordeum Vulgaer Seed Extracts(AL-Neelain University, 2014) NOUSIBA MOHAMMED AHMED MOHAMEDBarley (hordeum vulgareL.),a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain. It was one of the first cultivated grains and is now grown widely. Barley grain is a staple in Tibetan cuisine and was eaten widely by peasants in Medieval Europe. Barley has also been use as animal fodder, as a source of ferrnentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as component of various health foods. It is use in soups and stews, and in Barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains commonly made into malt in traditional and ancient method of preparation. Also showed sail all the benefits in reducing blood cholesterol because it contains antioxidants and strengthen the immune system and the treatment of depression and sadness which anti-aging diuretic. The aim of the study to identify the secondary metabolic compound knowing effectiveness of birth the Hordeum plant and Barley extracts against bacterial and total appreciation of alkali compoimds and saponins and identify its components by chromatography and spectroscopy analysis /Were extracted using soxhlet extractor in with three solvents (chloroform, petrolatum ether and methanol), then experimentally selected against bacteria. The survey showed the chemical to extract 80% ethanol fit on the secondary metabolic compounds, steroids, saponins, alkaloids and saccharides and then estimate saponins and alkaloids, where the results showed they were in the plant beens. The result showed the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts were active against bacteria, while the methanolic extract inactive. Using thin-layer chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography, to pure compounds were Isolated and purified. The vehicles subject for study and analysis using the technique of infiared and ultraviolet according to the activity of hordeum plant as medicine and food together recommend the need to pay attention to him as a source of food and drug and continue efforts to be planted and continue to search.Item Determination of the Iron in Fefol Tablets and Effect of Storage on the Iron(AL-Neelain University, 2015) Hala Ahmed MahgoupThe aim of research is to estimate the proportion of iron found in fefol Tablets and knowledge storage on the amount of iron found originally in effect fefol. To find out the impact of storage has been the use of different production dates for fefol and exposed to different conditions in terms of temperature and humidity. Using calibration found that iron weight decreases if subjected to an increase in the heat and humidity and to confirm the results used AS and ICP device. The First section of the research dealt with introduction of iron, chemical equations of iron, absorption, storage and transport of iron, iron deficiency and its role in health support and also talked about the excitement of the shortage and how to monitor the amount of iron in the diet and help the body absorb the appropriate than quantitative and avoid the wrong cooking, which reduces him. Through follow- up to previous studies it was observed that iron deficiency has implications negative human and happen very serious disease, there are factors show that the shortage and some of the things that reduce side effects and also touched on some of the types ofdiseases that occur due to iron deficiency and there are tables showing it. The second section of the research dealt with materials and methods used to achieve the goal of the research and the presentation of the material has been used in terms of features, installation and hardware and tools that have been used. Use the three methods for calibration and different storage conditions for fefol and also used AAS and lCP for more results and after obtaining the results are discussed and the writings of recommendations for further work in this areaItem Physiochemical Characterization and Antimicrobal Activity of Two Flavonoids fromMaytenussenegaIensis Roots(AL-Neelain University, 2016) Fatimah Mohamed Hassan Abdel RahmanThis work was aimed to the isolation of flavonoids from Maytenus senegalensis, elucidation of structures of isolates via sensitive analytical tools and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts via cup plate agar assay. Roots Maytenus senegalensis, is widely used in African traditional medicine. It is used to treat respiratory ailments, inflammation, toothache and skin diseases. Qualitative tests on the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of: flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. However, alkaloids were not detected. Fractionation of the ethanolic extract by column and thin layer chromatography gave two compounds (I and II). The structures of these isolates were elucidated by a combination of spectral techniques (UV,IR,'HNMR and MS). The following tentative structures were proposed for the isolated compounds: Ha CH3 OH on CH CHZCHJ O Q 3 O Q o 0 I II Different fractions of Maytenus senegalensis (ethanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n- butanol) were evaluated for antimicrobial potential and significant results were obtained.Item Synthesis, structural and optical properties of M_q1_,Zn,,Fe,0,, new nano-ferrites prepared by co precipitation method(AL-Neelain University, 2014) Abdalrawf Ismail Ali AhmedThe Mg1_,,ZnxFe2O4 Nanoferrites (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) have been synthesized using chemical co-precipitation method. Synthesis, structural and optical properties have been studied in details using X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-visible). XRD revealed that the structure of these nanoparticles is spinel with crystallite size lies in the range 21—42.8nm. Lattice parameter increases with increasing Zn concentration due to the larger ionic radius of the Zn2+ ion. FT-IR spectroscopy confinned the formation of spinel ferrite by showing the characteristics of absorption bands around 612cm", ll46cm", 1404cm", 1649cm'1 and 3245cm". The band gap energy has been calculated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, they were found to be 4.77eV, 4.82eV, 4.86eV, 4.87eV and 4.95eV which are insulators.Item Control Parameters of M0hr‘s Titrtion(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2014-11) Eman Mohammed Babikir ElgzolyAbstract The aim of this research is to test validity and reproducibility of mohr‘s titration by using different parameters. The test solution (NaCl) were prepared at different concentrations, standard silver nitrate solutions were also prepared at different concentrations. Titration of these (NaCl) solutions against different concentrations was carried out using (5%) potassium chromate as indicator, the recorded results showed high validity. Different concentrations of indicator were also prepared and titrations were carried out using these different concentrations to find the most suitable indicator concentrations for Mohr‘s titration. It was found that 5% is the most suitable indicator. By using the conductmetric titration, the obtained data showed similar results between titrimetric and conductimetric method. l IV