تربية - دكتوراة
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Item التفكير العلمي مفهومه - طرق تنميته من خلال مادة التوحيد لطلاب المرحلة الثانوية في المملكة العربية السعودية(جامعة النيلين, 2003) صالح بن سليمان بن مطلق البقعاويSearch Abstract Many Islamic societies suffer from underdevelopment and scientific retardation and this is because lack for caring with good thinking and following very bad educational policies which interested in measuring saving and produced students good at saving. As a result the aim of education became obtaining the scientific certification only which lead to destroy the scientific thinking, innovation and creativity. Aims of study: The study aims at explaining the concept of thinking, it's kinds and the concept of scientific thinking, its relation and how develop it in the secondary stage through analyzing its content. Also, suggesting an image to develop the curriculum to develop the skills of scientific thinking. The subject of the study: The subject of the study can be identified by answering these questions: what is the concept of the thinking? What are the ways of developing the scientific thinking skills? The Methodologies of the study: The scholar used the descriptive and elective methodologies by analyzing the content of the subject and its classification. The chapters of the study: the study includes: The second chapter: (Title - the theoretical study and previous studies). It includes four searches as, the concept, kinde, skills of thinking, the concept of scientific thinking and the previous studies. The third chapter; (the importance of scientific thinking in the secondary stage). It includes, the concept of the secondary stage and its aims, the growth requirements during it, the scientific thinking and some educational practices, the importance of scientific thinking in Islamic education and the relation between Al-Tawheed subject and scientific thinking. The Fourth chapter: (the civic study — the analysis of Al-Tawheed subject content). It includes: the reason of choosing it, summery of its chapters, the results of analysis and discussing it. The Fifth cheaper: (the development of Al-Tawheed subject through the skills of scientific thinking). The Sixth chapter: (the study conclusion). It includes the results, recommendations and the important suggestions. Results and Recommendations: There is no interest in scientific thinking and its development. Also, there are many persons who do not understand the importance of the secondary stage for students and society. More over ,there is a relation between Al Tawhid subject and scientific thinking.Also,there is an insufficiency of preparing its book as there are two skills of the scientific thinking as knowledge ad understanding in higher education while the other skills are in lower immediate. The scholar sees that we have to renew the curriculum to develop Al Tawhid subject course by forming professional committees to renew and to develop the legal course according to age qualifications. The scientific thinking can be developed by preparing and training the teachers to teach the skills of the scientific thinking through education curriculum .Also ,by innovating the educational [[skil1s, teaching ways and assignment techniques. We can develop it by involving the subject of scientific thinking in the faculties of education courses as an independent subject.Item تصميم برنامج للتربية الجنسية بالمرحلة الثانوية بالسودان(جامعة النيلين, 2005) أبوبكر عثمان محمد جابر2- Sex education should be included in the syllabus of senior secondary school . 2 3- To open debate with the students in secondary schools on sex issues , does not differ with the old religion behavior . 4- The student use to feel shy in sex issues in the conversation with his or her parents . ~2* Importance results about the aims of sex education Designed programme : 1- To implement the general education aims of the society . 2- To insert the values and best example to the secondary school students . 3- To identify to the secondary schools student ' the dangers of free sex . 4- To contribute in the formation better trend towards sex issues. O §.O The importance result of Contnte the Designed sex education programme : 1- Sex education and it is relation to the better marriage life in the future. 2- methods of solving sex problems to agree with the society values . 3- The danger of wrong sex interaction , and the call and encouragement for it is contemplation . 4- The sight effect of the secret sex habit . ‘Ix Importance results about the methods and ways of teaching the Designed sex education programme :- 1- To use the lecture , discussion , results , and analysis methods to teach the contents of the prepared programmes . 2- To use modem education techniques in teaching the contents of the prepared progeamme . 4‘ The importance results of the methods and ways of Evaluation the Designed sex education programme :- 1- the method of behavior observation . 2- The method of circle tests to evaluate the knowledge part of the programme contents . *2» The important result for securing protection chances in the dangers of sex delinquency for secondary school students :- 1- Teaching sex topics in the secondary school will enable the students to form good relations among themselves (both sex). 2- Teaching sex topics in secondary school will minimizing the desire among the student in sex issues . 3- Teaching sex issues in secondary schools will not allow the students to commit adultery among themselves . In the light of the research results the researcher had concluded the study with the following recommendations which he fell important for the completion of educational efforts exerted from the educationalist , and the concerned authorities in the Sudan based on the current study . More over the researcher presented future proposal to complete the other angles of this study .Item إتجاهات معلمي ومعلمات مرحلة التعليم الأساسي نحو العقاب البدني في مدارس فلسطين(جامعة النيلين, 2006) مجدي راشد نمر الجيوسيAbstract The aim of this study was to identify the teachers attitudes of the primary level (1-4grades) towards the corporal punishment in the Northem Govemorates of the west Bank. This study explained the relationship between those attitudes and variables like gender, social status, Academic Equalization, Syllabus, Govemorate, Location of the school, and experience. This study is descriptive in nature directed towards presetting some information about the forms of corporal punishment used in Palestinian schools in the Northem govemments of the west Bank ( Tulkarm, Nablus, Qalqeliya, Jenin and Sal feet). The society of this study included (2850)teachers (1561) Nale teachers and (1289) female teachers those teachers are distributed in cities and villages (625) Nale teachers and (631) female teachers are distributed in cities, while (936) nale teachers and (658) female teachers are distributed in villages. Stratified random sample of (55O)objects was selected and an indepevedent test was applied to cheek the hypotheses about the variables of gender, social sates, academic quantization, location of the school, the study material, and the govemorate, while the variable of experience was tested usily a one-way Analysis variance test, to achieve. In accordance with the results of this study the researcher recommends the following: 1. Carrying out more survey and field studies to identify the of the primary level teachers to wards corporal punishment in Palestine and other arab countries. " 2. Applying the teachings of the lately kran and the sunned in regard to the educational process especially using both punishment reinforcement. 3. Studying the side effects of using corporal punishment socially and psychologically. 4. Training teachers on those methods of corporal punishment in way sit will not negatively affect the psychological and physical well losing.Item الاتجاهات الوالدية في التنشئة كما يدركها الأبناء وعلاقتها بالحاجات النفسية (دراسة تطبيقية لطلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض بالمملكة العربية السعودية)(جامعة النيلين, 2007) أبوعبيدة محمد عثمان محي الدينالمستخلص باللغة العربية: هدفت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التجاهات الوالدية في التنشئة كما يدركها البناء وعلقتها بالحاجات النفسية لدى طلبة وطالبات الشهادة السودانية بمدينة الرياض بالمملكة العربية السعودية وللوصول لجابات علمية لمجموعة من السئلة تتعلق بالعلقة بين اتجاهات العاملة الوالدية والحاجات النفسية ومعرفة المتغيرات الكثر أهمية بالتنبؤ باتجاهات المعاملة الوالدية والحاجات النفسية لدى طلبة وطالبات هذه المرحلة . استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة الصلي في جميع طلبة وطالبات الصف الول والثاني والثالث بالمدرسة العالمية بمدينة الرياض بالمملكة العربية السعودية التي تضم مدرسة للبنين ومدرسة للبنات حيث بلغ حجم عينة الدراسة (200( ا طالب وطالبة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية من مجتمع الدراسة . تمثلت أدوات َ الدراسة في استمارة البيانات الساسية ومقياس التجاهات الوالدية كما يدركها البناء في التنشئة لمحمد محمد بيومي ومقياس الحاجات النفسية لدواردز ترجمة إبراهيم الكناني . وسهام سعيد نعوم في المعالجات الحصائية استخدم الباحث طرقا وأساليب متنوعة للتحقق من صحة فروض الدراسة وأهمها معادلة التحليل العاملي ومعادلة ألفا . (كرونباخ ) واختبار (ت) : وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها . تتسم التجاهات الوالدية كما يدركها البناء بالسليبة لدى أفراد عينة الدراسة - 1 توجد علقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائية بين التجاهات الوالدية كما يدركها البناء - 2 . والحاجات النفسية .(ل توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في التجاهات الوالدية تعزى للنوع (ذكر /أنثى - 3 .توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في الحاجات النفسية لصالح الذكور - 4 توجد علقة ذات دللة إحصائية بين ازدياد مدة القامة خارج السودان وازدياد - 5 . التجاهات الوالدية السلبية توجد علقة ذات دللة إحصائية بين ازدياد مدة القامة خارج السودان وازدياد - 6 . الحاجات النفسية للبناء توجد علقة ذات دللة إحصائية بين التجاهات الوالدية كما يدركها البناء - 7 . والمستوى التعليمي للباء والمهات توجد علقة ذات دللة إحصائية بين الحاجات النفسية للبناء والمستوى التعليمي -8 .للباء والمهات يوجد تفاعل دالة إحصائيا بين النوع ( / ) ذكر أنثى ومدة القامة خارج السودان علي - 9 . التجاهات الوالدية 10 - يوجد تفاعل دالة إحصائيا بين النوع (ذكر / ) أنثى ومدة القامة خارج السودان علي الحاجات النفسية للبناء. المستخلص باللغة النجليزية: This study aimed to adapt and test the paternal attitudes measurement which conducted to the sons and daughters within their psychological needs for Sudanese certificate Student's in Riyadh's City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore to answer a thesis questions related to the general term of parental attitudes and psychological needs of their sons towards dealing with variables of this students stage. The researcher used statistical description which consider the main group of the study; students (male and female) of 1st, 2nd and 3rd class at international School of Riyadh's Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; school for boys and the other for girls, which obtained (200) samples selected randomly from one community. The researcher used questionnaire for gathering data in order to analyzed it to fulfill study objective. A questionnaire had been designed perfectly considering the basic information and statements to measure the scale of the study which was conducted by Mohammed M. Baomi (Parental attitudes) and psychological needs Laders, translated by Ibrahim A. and Seham S. Noum. Statistical analysis had been done using one sample T-test to test research hypothesizes, i.e. factorial analysis, Alpha (for significances) and one sample Ttest. The study had been carried out which lead to the following results : 1- Negative general term of paternal attitudes towards their sons and daughters. 2 – Statistical correlation with significance for paternal attitudes and psychosocial needs of sons as they know it. 3 – No statistical differences in paternal attitudes related to gender (male, female) . 4 – Statistical difference in Psychological needs with response the male. 5 – Statistical differences between long period of residence outside Sudan and paternal attitudes is negative in general term. 6 – Statistical differences between long period and residence outside Sudan and the increasing of psychological needs of sons and daughters. 7 – There is significance relationship between paternal attitudes that sons and daughters know, with respect to parent's education level. 8 –Statistical correlation with significance between psychological correlation with significance between psychological needs for sons and daughters towards education level of parents. 9- An interactive statistical correlation between gender (male, female) and the period of residence outside Sudan towards the paternal attitudes. 10 – International statistical correlation with significance between gender (male, female) and period of residence outside Sudan towards psychological needs of their sons and daughters.Item دور التربية الإسلامية في التعايش الفكري مع الثقافات الأخرى دراسة تحليلية(جامعة النيلين, 2006) عبدالله بن سعيد بن عبدالرحمن بن سليمان الأسمريStudy Abstract Study Subject: The Role of Education in Ideological Coexistence — An Analytic, Comparative Study from an Islamic Perspective Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon prophet Muhammad. , Key R'esearch Objectives: 1. ;To identify the meaning of “ideological and cultural coexistence from an Islamic perspective. ‘i 2. To explain the basics on W‘hlCl'1 thought and culture in Islam are based. 3. Getting to know Islamic thought and culture distinctive characteristics. 4. Comparison and analysis of Islamic ideological and cultural dimensions and those of the other that oppose or correspond to them. 5. Identification of the most important divine elements of thought and culture in Islam. 6. Objective and scientific presentation of historical and current examples that highlight the importance of the role of education for ideological and cultural coexistence. Research Methods: - The historical method, the descriptive method, the deductive method and the content explanation method. Key findings of the study: Importance of providing leamers with ideological and cultural input that is based on the Islamic creed that enables them to ideologically and culturally coexist. Establishment of an educational curriculum pertaining to __ ideological and cultural coexistence. Key Recommendations: " I Citation of researches that complement this study such as ‘ZQttoman ideology during the reign of Ottoman State” a critical study that brings forward a comparison with the current state of affairs of the Muslim nation. Comparison of the Revolters sect ideology with that of Arab oppositions abroad. Wealthy Muslims should sponsor informative programs in non- Muslim satellite channels for shedding light on the Muslim nation ideological stance in regard of all issues connected with the non- Muslims. Members of the Defence Committee: Professor Basheer Mohammed Othman Haj AlToam — Supervisor. Professor AbdulGhani Ibraheem (Deputy Dean of the College of Graduate Studies of AlNeelain University) - Member. Professor Ali Khalid Mudhawi 4(Extemal Supervisor — Sudan University Member). AlNeelain University — College of Graduate Studies on 27/04/2006Item المؤسسات التربوية في الأردن ودورها في إكساب القيم التربوية للطفل الأردني(جامعة النيلين, 2007) سالم سلامة العناسوةالمستخلص باللغة العربية: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على المؤسسات التربوية في الردن ودورها في اكساب القيم للطفل الردني من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات وفق متغيرات الجنس، والمؤسسة التربوية، والمؤهل العلمي، والخبرة العملية. وحاولت الدراسة الجابة عن السؤال الرئيس التالي: ما المؤسسات التي تؤثر في شخصية الطفل الردني؟ وانبثق من هذا السؤال السئلة الفرعية التالية: 1 .مادور السرة في تكوين شخصية الطفل؟ 2 .مادور رياض الطفال في تكوين شخصية الطفل؟ 3 .مادور المدرسة البتدائية في تكوين شخصية الطفل ِ؟ 4 .هل توجد فروق ذات دللة احصائية في إكساب القيم في المجتمع الردني تعزى إلى الجنس، أو المؤسسة التربوية، أو المؤهل العلمي، أو الخبرة بالنسبة للمعلمين، أو المعلمات في رياض الطفال والمدرسة البتدائية؟ واختبرت الدراسة فرضية رئيسية واحدة ذات جوانب متعددة هي: يوجد دور إيجابي للمؤسسات التربوية الردنية المتعلقة بالسرة ورياض الطفال والمدرسة البتدائية في إكساب الطفل الردني القيم التربوية الصحيحة. وينبثق عن الفرضية المحورية الفرضيات التالية: الفرضية الولى: توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في القيم الجتماعية، والمعرفية، والروحية، والقتصادية تعزى إلى الجنس. الفرضية الثانية: توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في القيم الجتماعية، والمعرفية، والروحية، والقتصادية، تعزىِإلى المؤسسات التربوية. الفرضية الثالثة: توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في القيم الجتماعية، والمعرفية، والروحية، والقتصادية، تعزى إلى المؤهل العلمي. الفرضية الرابع ِة: توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في القيم الجتماعية، والروحية، والمعرفية، والقتصادية تعزى إلى الخبرة. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لمناسبته لطبيعة الدراسة، حيث يقوم هذا المنهج على وصف الظاهرة كما هي موجودة في واقع المر ويهتم بالتحليل والحصائيات والتفسير والتعميم، وذلك من خلل الوقوف على واقع المؤسسات التربوية ووصف مهامها ودورها في إكساب الطفال المنظومة القيمية . التربوية كما استعان بأسلوب التحليل الحصائي لعينة الدراسة المكونة من (1800 (معلم ومعلمة، من المجتمع الصلي البالغ ( 36007 (معلمين ومعلمات موزعين على (31130 (مدرسة و(4877 (روضة، واختار الباحث عينة بالطريقة العشوائية بنسبة 5 %من المجموع العام لقاليم الوسط والجنوب . والشمال وقد وظف الستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات بعد أن عدل وطور الستبانة لخدمة أغراض البحث؛ إذ تضمنت أربعة محاور قيمّية مجموعها (51 (قيمة : هي القيم الجتماعية، والعقلية، والروحية، . والقتصادية واستخدم الباحث اختبار تحليل التباين ( ) ت للجابة عن السؤال هل توجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية وفق متغيري الجنس والمؤسسة التربوية في إكساب القيم الجتماعية والروحية المعرفية والقتصادية من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات؟ كما استخدم اختبار تحليل التباين ( ) ف للمقارنات بين المتوسطات التي توجد بينها فروق ذات دللة احصائية وفق متغير المؤهل العلمي والخبرة في إكساب القيم الجتماعية والمعرفية والروحية والقتصادية من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات؟ توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية: أولً: كشفت الدراسة عن أهمية تعزيز دور السرة في تثبيت المنظومة القيمية لدى الطفال، وضبط عملية النفتاح الناجم عن التطور الحضاري، وما يتأتى عنه من مشكلت تحدث في الغالب توتراً في المناخ السري الذي يؤدي إلى الطلق، مما يحول دون استمرار هذه السرة في أداء رسالتها التربوية نحو الطفال. ا ثاني : كشفت الدراسة عن أثر البطالة في الجتمع الردني وما يترتب عليها من آثار سلبية ً للطفل في مراحله العمرية المختلفة. ا دورً رئيساً في تعزيز المنظومة القيمية لدى ثالث : كشفت الدراسة أن للمؤهل العلمي ا ً معلمات رياض الطفال في إقليم الوسط والجنوب والشمال. رابع ً: أوضحت الدراسة أنه ليس للمؤسسة التربوية أي أثر على القيم الروحية في إقليم ا الوسط، بينما لها آثار إيجابية في محاور القيم الجتماعية، والمعرفية والقتصادية. خامسً: بينت الدراسة أنه ل يوجد للخبرة تأثير في محاور القيم الجتماعية والمعرفية ا والروحية، والقتصادية في إقليم الجنوب. سادس ً: يوجد فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في القيم الجتماعية، والمعرفية، والروحية، ا والقتصادية، تعزى للجنس وللمؤسسة التربوية والمؤهل العلمي والخبرة في إقليم الوسط والجنوب والشمال. سابع ً: وجدت فروق ذات دللة إحصائية في القيم الجتماعية، تعزى لمتغير الجنس، ا والمؤسسة التربوية، والمؤهل في إقليم الجنوب. ا ثامن : كانت الفروق الحصائية بين المتوسطات الحسابية في إقليم الشمال والوسط ً والجنوب لصالح الناث، ولصالح المدرسة البتدائية لمتغير المؤسسة التربوية في إقليم الوسط، ولصالح الروضة، في متغير المؤسسة التربوية، والخبرة من 6- 10سنوات في إقليم الجنوب. في ضوء نتائج الدراسة خرج الباحث بتوصيات من أهمها: 1 .معالجة مشكلت الطلق في المجتمع الردني، بما يضمن التقليل من هذه الظاهرة إلى أقصى حد ممكن، ووضع اللية المناسبة لتحقيق ذلك. 2 .ضرورة مكافحة الفقر والبطالة، وفق برنامج واضح المعالم، بتوفير فرص العمل، وتقديم التسهيلت المالية والقروض لمن يحتاجها، والحد من ظاهرة التسرب في المدارس. 3 .تفعيل دور المؤسسة التربوية في غرس المنظومة القيمية لدى الطفال في مراحل رياض الطفال والمدرسة البتدائية. توثيق العلقة التكاملية القائمة على التعاون بين السرة ورياض الطفال والمدرسة. المستخلص باللغة النجليزية: This study aimed at recognizing educational institutions in Jordan and their role in giving the moral values to the Jordanian child, based on male and female teachers’ point of view, according to the variables of sex, education institution, academic qualification and practical experience. The study tried to answer the following main research question: What are the institutions that affect the personality of the Jordanian child? From this main question, the following research questions emanate. 1- What is the family role in formulating the child’s personality? 2- What is the role of kindergartens in formulating the child’s personality? 3- What is the role of the primary school in formulating the child’s personality? 4- Are there any differences of statistical significance in giving the moral values to the child in the Jordanian society that could be attributed to: sex, education, institution, academic qualification and experience from the point of view of male and female teachers in kindergartens and primary schools? The research tested one main hypothesis with several aspects as follows: There is a positive role of Jordanian teaching institutions related to: Family, kindergartens and primary schools in giving the Jordanian child the proper moral values. The following hypothesis emanated from the main study hypothesis: First hypothesis: There are differences of statistical significance in social, knowledge, spiritual and economical values attributed to sex. Second hypothesis: There are differences of statistical significance in social, knowledge, spiritual and economical values attributed to the education institution. Third hypothesis: There are differences of statistical significance in social, knowledge academic, spiritual and economical values attributed to the academic qualification. Fourth hypothesis: There are differences of statistical significance in social, knowledge, spiritual and economical values attributed to the experience. The researcher used the descriptive analysis methodology that suits the nature of the study. This methodology relies on describing the phenomenon as it is in reality, and is concerned with analysis, statistics, explanation and circulating, through investigating the reality of the educational institutions, describing their missions and their roles in giving the children the matrix of educational moral values. The researcher also used the statistical analysis methodology for the sample study which consisted of (1800) male and female teachers, from the original community of (36007) male and female teachers including schools (31130) and kindergartens (4877). The researcher selected 5% of this community randomly in the middle, northern and southern regions. He employed the questionnaire as a tool to collect data after he developed this questionnaire to serve the research purposes. The questionnaire contained four main types of values: social, knowledge, spiritual and economical values. He used the analysis of variance (T-test) to answer the question: Are there differences of statistical significance that could be attributed to the two variables of sex and teaching institution in giving the child the social, spiritual, knowledge and economical values from male and female teachers’ point of view. (F-test) was also used to compare the mean values to investigate the statistically significant differences that could be attributed to the academic qualification variable and the experience variable in giving the child the social, spiritual, knowledge and economical values from male and female teachers’ point of view. Study conclusions: The study revealed the following results: First: The importance of supporting the role of the family in profounding the value matrix given to children and controlling the openness process resulting from the civilization development and problems arising from it, that cause family tensions which might lead to divorce. This prevents family from performing its teaching message towards its children. Second: The influence of unemployment on the Jordanian Society and the negative effects that lead to more problems in different age levels. Third: The scientific qualification has a main role in supporting the value matrix for the kindergartens’ female teachers in the middle, southern and northern regions. Fourth: The educational institution has no influence on spiritual values in the middle region of the country, whereas it has a positive influence on the social, knowledge and economical values. Fifth: The experience has no influence on the values of the social, spiritual, knowledge and economical components in the southern region of the country. Sixth: There are differences of statistical significance in the social, knowledge, spiritual and economical values attributed to sex, educational institution, academic qualification and experience in the middle, southern and northern regions of the country. Seventh: There are differences of statistical significance in social values that could be attributed to sex and educational institution in the southern region of the country. Eighth: Statistical significance between the arithmetic means were for females favour in the middle, southern and northern regions and were for primary schools favour regarding the education al institution variable in the middle region and for kindergartens regarding the same variable – educational institution –and for experience (6-10) years in the south. Study Recommendations In view of the study results, the researcher recommends the following: 1. To find a mechanism to deal with the divorce problem in the Jordanian society in order to minimize this phenomena as much as possible. 2. To find a mechanism to deal with the unemployment and poverty problems in the Jordanian society according to clear program through providing labour chances, financing and loans to minimize pupils dropping out. 3. To activate the role of the educational institution in developing the matrix of values in kindergartens and primary schools. 4. To reinforce the relationship between family, kindergarten and school on the basis of cooperation.Item دور التعليم العالي في تنفيذ برامج التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في السودان في الفترة من 1990 - 2005م(جامعة النيلين, 2007) صديق بابكر أحمد دفع اللهAbstract The aim of this study is to reflect the role of higher education in implementing social and economical development programs in Sudan in the period extending from 1990 to 2005. This study is meant to define the concept and philosophy of higher education in the Sudan and to what extent this philosophy is related to the prevailing circumstances in the Sudan and what the contribution of higher education in the economical and social development in the Sudan and how far higher education is concemed about the technical role that is due to the great impact of the higher education in leading and setting a head the programs and plans of development. The researcher has used the descriptive criterion for it's suitability to the nature of this study. ' The most essential findings: 4 l. The philosophy of the higher education is quite obvious in the tenn of concept, planning, criterion and evaluation. 2. The objectives of the higher education in Sudan cater for some of the technological requirements of the state. 3. Higher education has become much interested in providing the society with its momental and future needs. - 4. The outputs of the higher “education hardly cope with and satisfy the requirement of labor in Sudan. Essential Recommendations and Proposals: First: Establishing suitable ways of coping the outputs of high education institutions with the real need of both development and labor markets in a more effective image- for instance, orientation services to the students and the selective and encouraging policy are highly needed. J . Second: Higher education should be apriority, in particularly in the term of constructing workshops, laboratories and getting equipment and all field training inputs. Third: Planning for higher education giving participation to all those interested in educational process such as educational experts, families, industrial companies and favor dashers. That is‘ to get acquainted with the future requirements and how to center for them when planning for higher education. -Item تربية المعوقين في الإسلام وفي التربية الخاصة الحديثة دراسة تحليلية(جامعة النيلين, 2005) عصام نمر يوسف عوادAbstract The education of disabled persons in Islam and in the modem special education “Analytical study” 4 Prepared by: Essam Namer yousefAwwad Supervised by: Dr.Ahmad Saad Masoud I The present study aimed to find out the differences and similarities of the disablededucation in the Islamic and modern special education through answering the questions of study: 1- What are the major differences care of the disabled people in the Islamic education compared with the disabled education in old civilization? I 2- What are aspects of convergence between the care of Islamic education with rega'r'd"'to‘ the*preventi‘o'n of disabilities and the view of modern special education to the prevention of disabilities, too? 3- What similarities can be found in determining the categories of special education in the Islamic education » and categories in the modern special education? 4- What are the similarities and differences between the rights of the disabled in the Islamic education and their rights in the modern special educations including the - international declarations for the rights of the disabled A 5- What are the similarities in determining the teaching principles of the disabled in the Islamic education as stated by the scholars and philosophers of the Islamic education (e.g.: AL Qabisi, Ibn Khaldoun, Ibn Sina an“d'Al farabi) The descriptive approach was used to answer the questions of study (content analysis) for the various resources and references on education of disabled in both the Islamic and modern special education The results of the content analysis confmned what the resources and references pointed out that the Islamic education has maintained, since earlier Islam, the rights and pride of all individuals Whether they are normal or disabled e which did not exist in old civilizations The Islamic education focused, through Quranic verses and the hadith (prophet Mohamad’s sagings) on the prevention of disabilities by taking precutions, the issue, which has been confirmed by the modern special education at present Regarding the determination of the categories of special education, most categories of disabilities in Islamic education were mentioned explicitly in the verses of Quran and the Hadith. with respect to the rights of the disabled people, the Islamic education has been a leader in providing them with these rights, which include-health insurance, economic, and academic rights as well as integrating them with society, This all happened long before the international Declarations which never exceeded theoretical aspect. In conclusion, with regard to teaching principles of the disabled, the experts of the Islamic education were keen to adopt the principles, which consider the individual differences as well as enhancement and repletion. The also used the diagnosis and teaching techniques before the special education did that. _ The summary of all this is hat the Islamic education was the pioneer in the care, training and teaching of the disabled ' people and provide the human outlook which keep their pride and dignityItem أثر العوامل البيئية على التحصيل الدراسي في مادة اللغة العربية بمدارس الاساس بولاية نهر النيل دراسة ميدانية للحلقة الثالثة بقطاع ود حامد(جامعة النيلين, 2008) السماني عبد السلام حاج أحمدAbstract The research has been carried out in the River Nile State — Wad _ - Hamid Sector. The researcher thinks that, the environmental factors affect teaming positively or negativelyfl-lencc, he builds his research on the following major questions: What is the status of the environmental factors and their Q~C.l/peel‘-_ l’i78|t!l§- the basic level schools? The researcher is concentrated on the Arabic language. To carry out the research, he has chosen nineteen full schools, (has 8 classes). He then choose a sample of (229) pupils out of a total of (I115), which represents all the pupils in the third stage. This sample represents 20%. Then (40) teachers were chosen to participate and these are all the teachers who teach Arabic in the third stage. He points out three pillars that hold up the problem: 1. The environmental factors range positively and negatively according to their strength and weakness. 2. The status of the schools indicates the absence of various problems mentioned in the research. - 3. The status of the leaniiug process in Wad l-laniid is seen with a great deal of short comings in different aspects. _ Eventually, the researcher researches to some results as follows: The educational councils are ineffective. 2. The educational supervision does not contribute effectively towards developing the learning performance. 3. The more the ‘parents are educated, the better the learning standard. 4. The higher the economic level of the family, the better becomes the leaming-standardItem النشأة والتطور لتعليم الأساس بولاية البحر الاحمر من الفترة 1954 - 2004م و الوؤية المستقبلية(جامعة النيلين, 2007) حامد أبو فاطمة طاهرالمستخلص باللغة العربية: ُ إن ثورة العلم والمعلومات فى عالمنا معا ِصر واقع ً جديداً في مفهوم ال قد فرضت ا التعليم الساس من خدمة كانت تقدمها الدول لمواطنيها ، فأصبح التعليم الساس مفهوم إستثماري يفوق الستثمارات المادية فى مردودها وعوائدها لهذه النظرة الجديدة . أصبح التعليم من الصيغ الجديدة التي تتبّناها منظمة اليونسكو والليسكو لتطوير التعليم البتدائي والمتوسط بهدف سد الحد الدنى من حاجات الفرد في المجال التعليمي ، كما يهدف إلى توثيق الروابط بين التعليم والتدريب في إطار متكامل يجمع بين النظرية والتطبيق ، ولقد أخذت به بعض الدول العربية منها السودان ، ولقد صاحب هذا المفهوم الجديد للتعليم الساس إجراء عديد من عمليات التغيير والتطوير على كافة مدخلت العملية التعليمية . هدفت الدراسة وهي من نوع البحوث التاريخية والوصفية التي تحاول عن طريق للعّ المركزية التي صاحبت نشأة النظر في الماضي وإستقراء الواقع على وضع اليد لة التعليم الساس وتطوره الذي تمّثل في السللم التعليمية في السودان من حيث غياب ّ وفقر البحوث التي سبقت أو الطار المرجعي والفلسفات التربوية الحاكمة للتعبير لة وقِ . لزمت تلك التغيرات في تخطيط التعليم كما هدفت الرسالة لجراء دراسة مقارنة لمحاولة تغيير السلم التعليمي من الفترة 1954م إلى 2004م وأثر تلك التح ّولت على مدخلت العملية التعليمية ومخرجاتها إيجاباً ا وسلب ، كما توضح تميز التغيير الحالي للسلم التعليمي على المحاولت السابقة وذلك بأن ً ت في إطار رؤية متكاملة لحل مشاكل السودان ولقد دارت الدارسة في ّ تخطيطه قد م . ولية البحر الحمر إليها الباحث هي أهم التوصيات التي لص : خ ُ إن التحصيل العلمي والمهاري والقيمي للتلميذ ل يعتمد على نوع السلم التعليمي وإنما -1 . يعتمد على نوع المنهج ومستوى إعداد المعلم . إلغاء نظام المدارس المختلطة بالرياف -2 الخذ بسياسات التجميع والتركيز بالرياف لخلق تعليم جيد النوعية والمردود مع تعميم -3 . التعليم الساس . البقاء على الفلسفة التربوية التي توجه مسار التعليم العام -4 : المقترحات يرى الباحث أن هناك جملة من المقترحات البحثية العلمية التي من المؤمل أن د -: يكون لها أثر علمي إيجابي تستكمل به جوانب هذه الدراسة هي . مستقبل التربية وعلقته بالنظام القتصادي بالبلد -1 التركيز على أهمية تكامل دور كليات التربية وزارة التربية والتعليم في وضع الكفايات -2 والبرامج النظرية والتطبيقية اللزمة لعداد المعلمين وتحسين مستواهم عبر التدريب . المستمر 3 -أحدث أنظمة خاصة للتوجيه الفني والشراف الداري وإعطاء التقويم الداري دوره في العملية التعليمية . المستخلص باللغة النجليزية: The revolution in knowledge and information in the world of today , imposed a new structure on the development of basic education concept . Basic education was transformed from a public service offered by the state to an investment of high returns and benefits compared to other sectors of investment ; hence , (UNESCO) and (ALESCO) international organizations adopted the modern approach of basic education ; which merge the elementary and intermediate levels or education to provide the basic needs of children (6 – 14) years age . Basic education aims to strengthen bonding between knowledge and training , to facilitate the application of theories and know-how in real life situations . Some Arab countries including Sudan follow the new concept of basic education . The conversion to the new system of basic education involved the application of many changes to the inputs and outputs of the educational processes . This historical descriptive type of research attempts to identify and define the core problem of basic education system application , Since its establishment, evolution and existing structure ; with reference to education philosophy , policies and conceptual fundamentals . The research was conducted in Red Sea State (RSS) due to the accessibility of data sources and the presence of different education forms , i.e. nomads education , compensatory education , private education and government formal education institutions . Study findings and recommendations are : - 1 . The achievement of basic education objectives depends primarily on the type of curriculum and teachers training quality . 2 . The study recommends the abolition of co-education in rural schools of (RSS) . 3 . The application of grouping , and concentration policies in rural areas to realize the accessibility , and quality of basic education to all children at school age . 4 . To support the existing educational philosophy guiding the present general education system . Further future studies suggested on the study problem include : - - The future of education with respect to the economic system adopted . - The integration of roles between educational collages and ministry of education . - Improvement of the systems of technical guidance and administrative supervision and appraisal .