كلية الاداب
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Item انتقال الحكم من بلاد الحجاز الي بلاد الشام 1هـ - 41 هـ دراسة تحليلية(جامعة النيلين, 2006) زكريا محمد السيد عثمانAbstract This research studded the issue of the transference of the government from Al Higazland to Iraq and Bilad Al Sham an analytical study. The research is classified into five chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter discussed the emerge of the Islamic \State in-.AL Higaz, it came into three sections: the first section about the state in the period of the Prophet (PBUH), the second is on the Islamic State in the period of Abu Baker Al-Sidiq and Omer Ibn Al Khatab, and the steps taken to establish the Islamic state, the third section talked the Islamic state in the period of Osman Ibn Afan and Ali Ibn Abu Tahb, and the step taken by them to establish the state. The second chapter is talking about the starting of the (1\-'63!) and the reasons of the struggle. It consists of three sections; the first one is about the starting of the great (LE5), the second about the pledge of allegiance to Ali Ibn Abu Talib, and the struggle about the preiorites, and the third section discuss the transference of the struggle to Iraq by the arrival of Talha and El Zubeir, and the mother of believers Aisha. In the third section the research discussed the transfer of the government from Bilad Al Higaz, it consists of four sections: the first one about the Way of Amear Al Mohenen to Iraq, and the political events accompanied his movement the second section discussed p (the battle of the camel), and in the third section mentioned the battle in third section mentioned the battle in (Safeen] and military events followed that. The fourth chapter discussed the arrival and stability of government in Bilad Al Sham, the first section mentioned the geographical and climatically factors, the second section mentioned the social factors, and the third section mentioned the economical factors. The fifth chapter talking the intellectual factors, which mentioned the first section Al Shia, their emergence, their role in the transfer of the government to Bilad Al Sham, in the second section the role of Al Khoarig in the transfer of the government to Bilad AL Shain, and the third section discussed the dividion al vision of the Iraqi people, and the unified vision of Al Sharn people. Finally the conclusion the results and recommendation were added to the research.Item المجتمع المصري في عصر الولاة (20 - 254 هجرية / 641 - 868 ميلادية)(جامعة النيلين, 1976-08) محمد بهجت مختار عصفورItem تطور نظام العيون (الاستخبارات) منذ فجر الإسلام حتى العصر العباسي الاول(جامعة النيلين, 2004) أبو القاسم خليفة التهامي محمد أحمدAbstract This research studies the development of the Espionage System (Intelligence or Al - Ayoun) in the early Islamic ages. It shows the development that occurred in the Espionags System during the time of the prophet, (peace be upon him) then during the four guiding khalifas, (God bless them) and the time of both the Ummyads and the Abbassicls states. The Espionage System (Al - youn) started as a part of the Islamic military strategy, then it played an intelligence role on the economic, social, administrative and political security. The system changed from being a voluntary system to beconme a part of the formal administrative establishments of the state. This research is composed of an introducti_oi1, fivelchapters and a conclusion. The introduction explaining on the purposeifor choosing this topic, the significance of the research, it also includes the methodology of the research as well as mentioning the problem and the hypothesis of the research. The first chapter deals with Espionage system during the time of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) in Mekka and EL Madina, Where the prophet was the leader of that early Islamic state. The second chapter treats the Espionage System during the time of the four guiding khalifas, stating the develonment of the system during that blessed age. The third chapter treats the development of the Espionage System in the Ummyads period, the Arabic State witnessed a new development in the ruling policy and the administration . The fourth chapter handles the development of the system during the first Abbassid age, it also explains how the abbassids overthrew the Ummyads and made use of the Espionage System to watch and follow their enemies. The fifth chapter discusses the transference of the Espionage System from being a voluntary work to a formal one then a part of the formal institutions of the state. The conclusion of the research is a findings of the study, which is supported by bibliography.Item حروب الفتوحات الإسلامية واثرها غلى الإنفتاح الفكري في القرن الاول الهجري "كوردستان نموذجاً" دراسة تحليلية(جامعة النيلين, 2005) سازكار رضا إسماعيلAbstract . The research is- cotnposed ol' three chapters, an introduction and conclusion in addition to a list ofreferenees and an index. ' The first chapter in divided in to three topics in which I took up the origin ol’ conquests starting with a preface on the emergence oli Islamic mission; since Islamic conquests were the deception to wars during Islamic history, I also took up the concept ol’ \-var. its definition. its causes and types. After that I took up in deline the subject ol’ war in Islatnie, the beginning ol’ its imposition, its breakout causes, its literature with ample elucidation to the concept ol’_iihad as an Islamic significance. In the record chapter the philosophy of Islamic conquests was studied, the principlen and ideas lot" which Muslims fought, and the goal of lslatn which is the reform of mankind and letnd by noble sharia'.a in this trams I’ormation, with the liberation values which the l\/Iuslims accomplished because it is one ol’ the basic principles in Islam like justice, "freedom and equality, creation of peaeefitl coexistence by being aware ol’ it and potting it in to practice, with the other party through open-mindedness of every one to the other. The third chapter is the applied model and it is about the Kurds. The research took tip the Kurds‘ ancestry and their line; and the study of their areas with details on the course ol‘ Islamic conquests by presentation oI’a definitional frame work ol‘ the Kurds and their history; then the mode of the proceeding oli the conquests in Kurdish areas in detail; with reference to the most I’amous areas inhabited by the Kurds whether they were amajonty or a minonty; then the study of adoption of Islam by the Kurds and their in tellectual political and social condition after Islamic conquests. I The researcher concluded her research by a summary ol‘ results which represents the gist ofwhat she arrived at in her study tor this subject then a list 0l’t"efet"ei1ces and sources.Item عمرو بن العاص ودوره السياسي في الدولة الاسلامية (8 هـ - 629م) - (43 هـ - 664م)(جامعة النيلين, 2007) عفاف عبدالرحمن محمد عبدالرحمنThe beginning age of Islam was concerned and distinguished by special leader from the best men of the world of that time of all aspects such as war wisdom and clevemess. They were generation of sahaba who made the religious very clear and waded it through the ages and they came over the difficulties without separation in colour or race, land, language or culture. The respectable and best one of these men Amro Ibn Elaas was before Islam very good and in Islam was very good with awareness and he choosed Islam with desire. He appeared as a governor honest ambassador and better politician and he did the best and good treatment with in critical situation he took. The position of administration and financial and politician sine he had entered the Islam in eight of immigration prophet" Mohammed. The prophet began to make Amro closed to him. The prophet Mohammed prayer upon him dependent on him of serious impo1tance's such as the leader of Zat Alslasl battle and destroy of the Sowa status. In Khulfa Rashdeen he had good situations and attended all the wars of his age. He deferred Roman military and Egyptian. Extended his operation Arabic ocean till l\/lediterranean Sea in Islamic services till his death in forty three of immigration.Item الخليفة الفاطمي العاضد لدين الله و سقوط الدولة الفاطمية في مصر ( 555 - 067 هـ / 1160 - 1171م)(جامعة النيلين, 2005) ناصر طالب حسن عمروAbstract King Alaadid lidiean Alla, was the last king of Ftimia,s rule in Egypt . he had been installed a king when he was small, he make the kingdom suffer from interiors conflict of the prince of Egypt and the armies . The historical books don't care about this age and studies although it is a very important eara because it has large historical changing's, the study of Alaadid and the fall of the kingdom (555-567/1 160-1171) opened a way to a new look of Abasiea kingdom , shame‘s unity and Egypt. The method is followed in this research is the historical analysis , of the a whole historical actions which has important indications at the end of along age of Fatimiea kingdom , and the beginning of new age . This research falls into four chapters and conclusion . The first chapter discussed about Alaadid's age (555-567/1160-1171), which have a discussion about his "name, descriptions and his relationship with religious group and his step to the kingdom, and the advantages of his governing. The second chapter discusses king Alaadid and his relation ship with his ministry before the ministries conflict which happened (555-558/116O- 1163) and explains king's relationship with Rzaik,s family; ,here we find the king's plans and his controllence of the kingdom, the ignorance of Rizaik's son to father's recommendation cause Shower's mutineer. _ The third chapter discusses about king Alaadid Lidiean Allah and the Foreign countries interference in of ministry's conflict between Shower and Dirgam (558-564 & 1163 — 1169) discussed about the conflict which happened to the ministry's between Shower and Dirgam , and the effective of their relief for Noor eddiean Zinki and frinj to Egyptian people and Fatimeia kingdom in generalization, Shamian forces in Egypt and Alsham. .3 The fourth chapter discussed about Salaih Eddiean to the ministry, and his role in Fatimiea kingdom's ielt (564-567~/1169-1171) here we discussed about Serickoh in the ministry's which it was exchanged to Salah eddiean Alayoobi after a time who put in his mind and plane to fell Fatimiea's and abbasiea's kingdom , and forms the Ayoobian's kingdom in Egypt . Submitted By: Nasir Talib Amro. Supervisor: Pr0:- F isal 11/Iohammed MusaItem التجارة و أثرها في نشر الدعوة الاسلامية في عهد الرسول (صلى الله عليه وسلم) (12 ق. هـ / 610م - 10 هـ / 622م)(جامعة النيلين, 2001-10) محمد قسم السيد محمد البليلةItem الأوضاع الإدارية و السياسية و الإقتصادية في المدينة المنورة في العصر الأموي (14 - 132ه / 661 - 749م)(جامعة النيلين, 2006) عبد الحكيم حسن أبراهيمAbstract The title of this study is “The Administrative, Political and Economical Conditions in Al-Medina Al-Munwara during the Umayyad era (4l—l32 I-Iijr‘ria),(66l—749AD). The study aims to shed light on the political and economical conditions in Al-Medina Al-Munwai-a°after the transmission of the center of Islamic state to Damascus, land to know the effects of that transmission on the political and economical fields in Al-Medina. The study contains an introduction and Four chapters. The introduction includes the geographical background of Al-Medina Al-Munwara, it’s location, inhabitants before and after the “H ijra”, and also it’s historical importance,in addition to the political and economic conditions in Al-Medina Al-Munwara before Islam and after the prophet and the Khalifas’ era. The First chapter deals with the administration situation in Al-Medina Al-Munwara during the Umayyad era. The Second chapter handles the political condition in Al- Medina during the Umayyad era. The Third chapter discusses _the economical condition of agriculture; trade , handcrafts and industrial fields. The Final chapter deals with the influence of the Umayyad policy on political, economical, and social fields. The study comes out with many results, the most important one is the preservation of Al-Medina scientific, social and spiritual place -in l\/luslims life, despite its loss of the political, economical cf fects which it had during the prophet and Khalifas’ eras.Item مشاركة الصحابة في إدارة الولايات في عهد الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم و الخلفاء الراشدين رضى الله عنهم(جامعة النيلين, 2005) عبد المنعم يوسف عبد الحفيظAbstract The study incorporated five chapters and a conclusion arranged as follows : , Chapter One : Prophet Mohammed Reign [8- 11 Hijra .C.] The chapter coveres a profile of the administration of prophet Mohammed followed which contained consultation [Majalis shurh] ,financial systems, judiciary and the administration of the states of Mecca , Tayif, Yemen ,Bahrein , and Uman . i Chapter Two : Caliph Abu Bakr Elsidq Reign [11- 13 Hijra.C.] This chapter tackled the advantages of Abu Bakr, fealty [beiya],the battle of insurrection , in addition to his administration of the states of Mecca , Tayif , Yemen , Bahrein and Sham states . Finally came the financial , judiciary , insurrection leaders , judges , zakah workers rules. - Chapter Three : Caliph Umar's Reign [13-23 Hijra.C.] This chapter focused on Umar's fealty ,and the administration of states of Medina , Mecca, Tayif Yemen ,Saina , Junnd, Bahrein, Sham ,Ghansren , Himus ,Damascus , Palestine ,Iraq states[Bissra & Kufa] and Egypt, accomplished by an exposition of the governors appointment and reckoning principles ,judiciary and his Assassination . Chapter Four : - Caliph Uthman Ibn Afaan ‘s Reign [23-35Hijra .C.] This chapter discussed Uthman's fealty and his administration , of the states of Mecca , Tayif , Yemen , Sana , Junnd , Bahrein , Iraq states [Bussra & Kufa] , Sham states and Ghansren ,Egypt and judiciry system and Uthman Assassination . g Chapter Five : ‘ - Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib 's Reign [ 35-40 Hij ra .C.] As usual this chapter included the fealty and the administration of the states of Medina , Mecca , Yemen , Bahrein, Iraq states [ Bussra & Kufa] , Sham , and the battle of Safeiyn and the administration of Egypt state ._ The chapter ended with the caliph Ali's Assassination . -Item التعليم بمدارس دمشق في عهد المماليك البحرية 648 - 784ه / 1250 - 1382م(جامعة النيلين, 2000) أكرم أحمد سليمان الراميني