تطور نظام العيون (الاستخبارات) منذ فجر الإسلام حتى العصر العباسي الاول

Abstract

Abstract This research studies the development of the Espionage System (Intelligence or Al - Ayoun) in the early Islamic ages. It shows the development that occurred in the Espionags System during the time of the prophet, (peace be upon him) then during the four guiding khalifas, (God bless them) and the time of both the Ummyads and the Abbassicls states. The Espionage System (Al - youn) started as a part of the Islamic military strategy, then it played an intelligence role on the economic, social, administrative and political security. The system changed from being a voluntary system to beconme a part of the formal administrative establishments of the state. This research is composed of an introducti_oi1, fivelchapters and a conclusion. The introduction explaining on the purposeifor choosing this topic, the significance of the research, it also includes the methodology of the research as well as mentioning the problem and the hypothesis of the research. The first chapter deals with Espionage system during the time of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) in Mekka and EL Madina, Where the prophet was the leader of that early Islamic state. The second chapter treats the Espionage System during the time of the four guiding khalifas, stating the develonment of the system during that blessed age. The third chapter treats the development of the Espionage System in the Ummyads period, the Arabic State witnessed a new development in the ruling policy and the administration . The fourth chapter handles the development of the system during the first Abbassid age, it also explains how the abbassids overthrew the Ummyads and made use of the Espionage System to watch and follow their enemies. The fifth chapter discusses the transference of the Espionage System from being a voluntary work to a formal one then a part of the formal institutions of the state. The conclusion of the research is a findings of the study, which is supported by bibliography.