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Item Amino Acid Composition of Human and Animal’s Milk (Camel, Cow, Sheep and Goat)(2012) Sabahelkheir MK; Fat en MM; Hassan AAThis experiment was conducted in 2010, lab. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University. The objective of this investigation was to determine the essential, non essential and branched chain amino acid in human, camel, cow, sheep and goat milk. In methodology, the amino cid Analyzer (Sykam S 7130 Amino Acid Regent Organizer) was used to determine amino acid composition. Results have shown several differences in essential, non- essential and branched chain of amino acids patterns in five milks at p≤0.05. Keywords: milk, lysine, human, sheep and camel.Item Item Analysis of T-cell responses in malaria-exposed and non-exposed donors using Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages enriched by a simple centrifugation method(Elsevier, 2006-01-31) Ahmed Bolad, Salah E Farouk; Jinfeng Shen, Klavs Berzins; Marita Troye-BlombergSeveral studies have reported on similar in vitro cellular responses to different malaria-antigen preparations in both malaria-primed and un-primed donors. Whether intact live parasites can exert a distinct type of response in either of the two groups is not well known. In this study, we developed a simple three-step centrifugation method for simultaneous enrichment of early and late blood stages from Plasmodium falciparum cultures. Such enriched P. falciparum fractions and other antigen preparations were used to stimulate lymphocytes from malaria-exposed and non-exposed individuals to examine the proliferative activity and expansion of CD3+, γδ+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. While lymphocytes from malaria non-exposed donors proliferated relatively higher than those from malaria-exposed donors in response to most antigens tested, the enriched fractions of live parasites exerted higher proliferative responses on cells from the latter donors. This suggests the existence of memory cells in the malaria-exposed donors, but not in the non-exposed ones. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a higher percentage expansion of CD4+ T cells in the responding cells of the exposed donors than the non-exposed ones. Taken together, this study reports on a simple method that simultaneously enriches for intact live early and late blood stages of P. falciparum parasites. Moreover, the study revealed higher expansion CD4+ T cells in the exposed individuals than the non-exposed in response to live malaria parasites and not to other parasite–antigen preparations.Item Analytical Method Development and Validation of Azithromycin(2018) Mohammed Elamin Yeasin, Ayman ahmed alkider ali; Omer abdalla ahmedAnalytical methods validation is an important regulatory requirement in pharmaceutical analysis. (HPLC) is commonly used as an analytical technique in developing and validating assay methods. Method validation provides documented evidence, and a high degree of assurance. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has introduced guidelines for analytical methods validation.Item Antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf332 inhibit parasite growth in vitro on their own and in cooperation with monocytes(Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2004) AK Bolad, L Xu; K BerzinsProtective immunity against Plasmodium falciparum may be obtained after repeated exposure to infection. Several studies indicate that immunity against the blood stages of the P. Falciparum infection is mainly antibody mediated. Protective antibodies may act either on their own, mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis and/or cell-mediated neutralization of parasites. This thesis describes several aspects of humoral immune responses to P. falciparum infection in individuals of different age groups, different genetic background and with different degrees of malaria exposure. Several target antigens for antibody-mediated inhibition of parasite growth or invasion have been identified. One such antigen is Pf332, which appears on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes at late trophozoite and schizont stage. This surface exposure makes the antigen a possible target for opsonizing antibodies. We optimized an in vitro assay for studying cellmediated parasite neutralization in the presence of Pf332-reactive antibodies. Our data demonstrate that, Pf332 specific antibodies are able to inhibit parasite growth on their own and in cooperation with human monocytes. The P. falciparum parasites have evolved several mechanisms to evade the host neutralizing immune responses. In this thesis, we show that freshly isolated P. falciparum parasites from children living in a malaria endemic area of Burkina Faso were less sensitive for growth inhibition in vitro by autologous immunoglobulins (Ig) compared with heterologous ones. Analyses of two consecutive isolates taken 14 days apart, with regard to genotypes and sensitivity to growth inhibition in vitro, did not give any clear-cut indications on possible mechanisms leading to a reduced inhibitory activity in autologous parasite/antibody combinations. The frequent presence of persisting parasite clones in asymptomatic children indicates that the parasite possesses as yet undefined mechanisms to evade neutralizing immune responses. Transmission reducing measures such insecticide treated nets (ITNs) have been shown to be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from malaria. However, concerns have been raised that ITNs usage could affect the acquisition of malaria immunity. We studied the effect of the use of insecticide treated curtains (ITC) on anti-malarial immune responses of children living in villages with ITC since birth. The use of ITC did neither affect the levels of parasite neutralizing immune responses nor the multiplicity of infection. These results indicate that the use of ITC does not interfere with the acquisition of anti-malarial immunity in children living in a malaria hyperendemic area. There is substantial evidence that the African Fulani tribe is markedly less susceptible to malaria infection compared to other sympatrically living ethnic tribes. We investigated the isotypic humoral responses against P. falciparum asexual blood stages in different ethnic groups living in sympatry in two countries exhibiting different malaria transmission intensities, Burkina Faso and Mali. We observed higher levels of the total malaria-specific-IgG and its cytophilic subclasses in individuals of the Fulani tribe as compared to non-Fulani individuals. Fulani individuals also showed higher levels of antibodies to measles antigen, indicating that the intertribal differences are not specific for malaria and might reflect a generally activated immune system in the Fulani.Item Antibodies to the Plasmodiumfalciparum antigen Pf332 cooperated with human monocytes inhibit parasitegrowth by inducing intraerythrocytic abnormal parasite forms in vitro(2013) Lili Xu, Ahmed Bolad; Nina-Maria Vasconcelo, Nancy Awah; Asok Chaudhuri, Klavs BerzinsIntraerythrocyticPlasmodium parasite proliferation istightly related to disease seriousness. Intraerythrocytic parasite developmentis fundamental to the proliferation of the malaria parasite which is affectedby many factors. Antibodies inhibiting intraerythrocytic parasite growth ordevelopment have been long indicated in protective immune mechanisms, particularly in cooperation with human monocytes. Here, we show that the developmentP. falciparum intraerythrocyticparasite was significantly disturbed by antibodies reactive with ...Item Antibody responses in Plasmodium falciparum malaria and their relation to protection against the disease(Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2004) Ahmed Kamal BoladProtective immunity against Plasmodium falciparum may be obtained after repeated exposure to infection. Several studies indicate that immunity against the blood stages of the P. Falciparum infection is mainly antibody mediated. Protective antibodies may act either on their own, mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis and/or cell-mediated neutralization of parasites. This thesis describes several aspects of humoral immune responses to P. falciparum infection in individuals of different age groups, different genetic background and with different degrees of malaria exposure. Several target antigens for antibody-mediated inhibition of parasite growth or invasion have been identified. One such antigen is Pf332, which appears on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes at late trophozoite and schizont stage. This surface exposure makes the antigen a possible target for opsonizing antibodies. We optimized an in vitro assay for studying cellmediated parasite neutralization in the presence of Pf332-reactive antibodies. Our data demonstrate that, Pf332 specific antibodies are able to inhibit parasite growth on their own and in cooperation with human monocytes. The P. falciparum parasites have evolved several mechanisms to evade the host neutralizing immune responses. In this thesis, we show that freshly isolated P. falciparum parasites from children living in a malaria endemic area of Burkina Faso were less sensitive for growth inhibition in vitro by autologous immunoglobulins (Ig) compared with heterologous ones. Analyses of two consecutive isolates taken 14 days apart, with regard to genotypes and sensitivity to growth inhibition in vitro, did not give any clear-cut indications on possible mechanisms leading to a reduced inhibitory activity in autologous parasite/antibody combinations. The frequent presence of persisting parasite clones in asymptomatic children indicates that the parasite possesses as yet undefined mechanisms to evade neutralizing immune responses. Transmission reducing measures such insecticide treated nets (ITNs) have been shown to be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from malaria. However, concerns have been raised that ITNs usage could affect the acquisition of malaria immunity. We studied the effect of the use of insecticide treated curtains (ITC) on anti-malarial immune responses of children living in villages with ITC since birth. The use of ITC did neither affect the levels of parasite neutralizing immune responses nor the multiplicity of infection. These results indicate that the use of ITC does not interfere with the acquisition of anti-malarial immunity in children living in a malaria hyperendemic area. There is substantial evidence that the African Fulani tribe is markedly less susceptible to malaria infection compared to other sympatrically living ethnic tribes. We investigated the isotypic humoral responses against P. falciparum asexual blood stages in different ethnic groups living in sympatry in two countries exhibiting different malaria transmission intensities, Burkina Faso and Mali. We observed higher levels of the total malaria-specific-IgG and its cytophilic subclasses in individuals of the Fulani tribe as compared to non-Fulani individuals. Fulani individuals also showed higher levels of antibodies to measles antigen, indicating that the intertribal differences are not specific for malaria and might reflect a generally activated immune system in the Fulani.Item Antibody-mediated in vitro growth inhibition of field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from asymptomatic children in Burkina Faso(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2003-06-01) Ahmed BoladAntibody-mediated inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro reflects the potential parasite-neutralizing activity of the antibodies in vivo. In this study, immunoglobulins and P. falciparum isolates were collected from children with asymptomatic malaria in Burkina Faso. We demonstrate a significantly lower in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the P. falciparum field isolates by autologous host immunoglobulin compared with that of immunoglobulin from other individuals. To gain further insight to possible ...Item Antigenic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and antibody-mediated parasite neutralization(Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1972) A Bolad, K BerzinsAbstract The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, causing the most severe form of the disease in humans, is characterized by a broad antigenic diversity between different strains and isolates of the parasite. The antigenic diversity reflects on the one hand polymorphisms in allelic gene products and, on the other hand, antigenic variation as a result of expression of alternative genes in multigene families. Using selected polymorphic regions in two merozoite surface antigens, a method for genotyping P. falciparum parasites has been ...Item Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of Aloe vera sap and leaves using different extracts(2017) Hagir Omer Musa Abakar, Shami EA Bakhiet; Ragaa Satti M AbadiMany of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the sap of the leaves. The main objectives of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity for both sap and leaves extracts of A. vera using different extraction methods. Aloe vera sap and leaves extracts were investigated using agar-well diffusion technique with different concentrations. Both types of extract revealed antimicrobial inhibitory effect ranged from pronounced, intermediate, and low. The sap extract showed more effective than the leaves extract against all test microorganisms. The highest mean diameter of zone (MDIZ) showed with sap water extract (100 μg/ml) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis (47 mm). While the lowest one showed with sap and leaves saponins (100 μg/ml) against all test microorganisms (12 – 14 mm) with exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus whom showed resist (0.0 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed ≤ 6.25 μg/ml for almost all test microorganisms and different types of extracts except acetone extract from leaves which exhibited MIC≥ 50 μg/ml. The present study concludes that the A. vera sap and leaves could be used as medicinal plant with further investigation to determine its toxicity and side effects if any.Item Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae) Grown in Kassala Town-Sudan(Society for Advancement of Sciences, 2017) Emtinan A. Alhadi, Ayman A.A. Ali; Omer A.A. Hamdi, Hanaa H A Mohmed; Amna Ali, Nafae H. ElaagipOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is the only vegetable crop of significance in the Malvaceae family and is very popular. Its original home is Sudan, Ethiopia and North-eastern African countries. A. esculentus fruits were brought from Kassala town in Sudan, it has been extracted with methanol. Then the A. esculentus was fractionated by using different solvents (Petroleum ether, Chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous). For both extracts and fractions of A.esculentus, the antimicrobial activity studied by using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against four standard strains bacteria, two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal strains (Apergillusniger and Candida albicans). Most of the extracts and fractions showed variable degree of activity against all microorganisms tested and all of them showed antioxidant activity when screened using DPPH method. The phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity via MTT-assay of A. esculentus fruits fractions were investigated, the cytotoxicity showed that A. esculentus was non-toxic. The aqueous fraction showed the highest values more than other fractions in all studied. These A. esculentus (Okra) is an important medicinal plant, its medicinal usage has been revealed that in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani.Item Antiplasmodial activity of seven plants used in African folk medicine(Medknow Publications on behalf of Indian Pharmacological Society, 2004) Ahmed Bolad, G Bidla; VPK Titanji, B Joko; G El-Ghazali, K BerzinsResults are expressed as mean+ SD. The differences between experimental groups were compared by one-way ANOVA (control Vs treatment) followed by Student-Neuman-Keuls test and were considered statistically significant at P< 0.05. The number of acetic acid induced writhings were significantly reduced by treatment with AO-1 in both the doses. The effect was found to be more than that of the standard, diclofenac (20 mg/kg) at a dose of 100 mg/kg (Table 1). AO-1 pretreatment significantly reduced the paw edema in rats. The effect ...Item The application of remote sensing and structural analysis in groundwater exploration in basement terrains, Darfur region, Western Sudan(2011) Sami O. H. El Khidir & Alain GachetAbstract Darfur region is one of the most vulnerable areas in Sudan that suffer from shortage in water supply. The objective of the current study is to utilize remote sensing techniques combined with the structural analysis to recognize the most potential fracture zones for groundwater occurrences in the hard rock terrains of Darfur region. The old ductile deformation features in Darfur region delineated from Landsat imageries are used for the structural analysis to determine and classify the fractures in the hard rock terrains of the region. Based on the structural analysis conducted in this study, Darfur region was divided into two domains—the western domain of the pre-Pan-African age that is affected by the two deformational phases (D1 and D2), and the eastern domain represented by the basement related to the Pan-African orogeny. The most potential fractures in the western domain are in the NW–SE and NE– SW trends that classified as extensional and release open fractures for the deformations D1 and D2. In the eastern domain, the main potential fractures for groundwater occurrence are in E–W and N–S directions that are classified as extensional and release open fractures of the deformation D3. From the results of the structural analysis, the main potential fracture systems in Darfur region trend are NW–SE, NE–SW, and E–W directions. The intersections of these fracture systems are the most promising targets for drilling, with consideration of the topography, the rates of recharge, and the underlying geology. The geophysical data and boreholes information in Zalingei and north of El Geneina areas in West Darfur confirm the results obtained from remote sensing data and structural analysis, in which the NW–SE, NE–SW, and E–W fractures trends are the most potential fractures in Darfur region.Item Assessment of Image Ratio Technique for Gold Exploration in Arid Region Using Landsat ETM+7: Limitations and Possible Source of Misinterpretations(Arab Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System Organization, 2016) Esamaldeen Ali, Mohamed Y. Abdegalil; Abu Elhassan MusaIn modern exploration program, the use of multispectral satellite images is one of the standard procedures during the early stages of gold exploration, due to its high efficiency and low cost. The main goal of the present study is to assess the efficiency of image ratio technique for gold mineralization in arid region. The area around the third cataract, northern state, Sudan has been selected for the current purpose. Landsat ETM+7 images have been used in the current study. The patterns recognized in the digitally processed satellite images showed a clear discrimination of granitic rocks, Sandstone from mafic metavolcanics, as well as delineate the structural features in the region. The spectral properties of band ratios have successfully been used to delineate alteration zones. Common false color composite ratio images have been applied by combining band ratio images in RGB. From these entire analyses through visual interpretation and ground truthing the results show that more than 60% of the image mask with iron alteration due to the dominantly ferruginous Sandstone formation in the study area and addition to clay-rich wadies deposits. From field observation very narrow hydrothermally alteration zone has been detected along highly sheared metavolcanics and their margin with syn-orogenic granites in the central part of the study area. This study clearly concluded that nevertheless, the significance of image ratio technique for gold exploration in early stage of exploration program, care should be taken during image interpretation in such geological condition.Item Assessment of Nurse’s Competences during Emergency Management of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction at critical care units and emergency department at Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State (2013(جامعة النيلين-مركز النيلين الطبي, 2013) Ahmed Bolad, Hassanat Elbashir Mohamed Mustafa,; Mustafa Nimeiri, Siddig KhalilThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and skill of the nurses whom work at CCU and emergency department (EM) in 2012. The standardized administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The level of knowledge of 139 nurses working at the critical care units and emergency department at Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State was assessed. The data was processed using the statistical package software (SPSS); version 19. For the analysis, Chi-Square test was used, P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed that 32% of study population had very poor level of knowledge, while 44% had poor level whereas 12% had a good level. 42% had good knowledge about acute coronary syndrome’s components while 10% were at poor level and 16.5% were at very poor level. In the same manner half of them their knowledge about initial management of acute myocardium infarction was poor level, while (21%) had good knowledge.. Also the study population knowledge’s about arrhythmias that occur at initial phase was very poor (39.6%), poor (27.3%) and there was no one at a good level, Lastly their knowledge about the factors which lead to delay of emergency management of AMI was (40.3%) at poor level, (27.3%) at very poor while only (5.8%) at good level.Item Assessment of Old Sewerage Networks by Using Asset Management and Failure Mode Analyses Case study South Campus of Sudan University of Science and Technology(2018) ايمان محمد عثمان احمد, أيمن أحمد الخضر علي; عمر عيدالله احمد حمديFor wastewater management utilities, asset management can be defined as managing Infrastructure capital assets to minimize the total cost of owning and operating them, while delivering the service levels customer’s desire. The study Campus consists of four colleges, teaching staff houses in addition to girls` hostel. Data for this study were collected from available records; personnel interviews and field surveys. The Level of service of network was defined, performance goals were selected and all data were entered into sewer Cad Program for analysis and solving bottleneck problems and to build and prepare Information system. Network was evaluated based on international materials cost and national labor cost.. The Failure modes& risk management were assessed and the conditions of the sewer network assets were determined. The South Campus network had a main sewer line with 769 meter total length (Asbestos cement and PVC) and its depth starts from 2 meters to 11meters, it has 19 main manholes and one pump station. This Network serves 20,804 persons in the campus with total calculated capacity (Q= 650 mᶟ d). The analysis with Sewer Cad program showed the present performance of the studied network by detailed profiles and the main network problems found to be the over discharge and low pumping rate. Two modeled solutions were suggested to solved these problems .First (Pump Design Solution) and the other solution (wet well design Solution). 3 The total value of the network found to be 31,348.25 $$, Condition assessment reflects Fair to Good condition of this network with grades of 2-3. Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) were calculated and found to be in the range of 2 to 72 with the greatest RPN of failure modes as 72 for pump power failure and the lowest RPN was 2 for manholes corrosion. This network is very valuable; of good to fair condition; and can be well maintained with periodic preventive maintenance plans and erection of call centers with acceptable time of response to failures after applying one of the above suggested solutions to overcome the existing problems. 4Item Assessment of strain energy storage and rock brittleness indices of rockburst potential from microfabric characterizations(2015-01) Zhao Zhiming, Esamaldeen Ali; Wu Guang, Wang XihuaRockburst is one of the most crucial problems for the feasibility studies of underground excavation such as tunnel projects. However, direct standard methods for measuring rock burst potential indices such as Strain energy storage index (WET) and criterion of rock brittleness (B) are nearly difficult and need high sophisticated equipment. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to indirectly calculated as a function of microfabric characteristics such as quartz percentage and grain size by using simple regression statistical model. A dataset established by utilizing the relevant laboratory tests and petrographic image analysis on the rock samples assembled from pen Yin La and Ming Jiong tunnel along the La Ri railway, China. The results exhibit that the statistical WET and B models revealed responses with moderate to strong correlation coefficient, which proves higher potential of microfabrics analysis for predicting rock burst indices compared to traditional experimental measurements. Both rockburst indices increase with increasing percentage of quarts and grain size. It has been further been noted that in a certain tectonic setup, similar rock types with little different mineralogical composition and texture parameters might have different tendency to rock burst. This indicates that rock bursting potential is a petrographic characteristic dependentItem Assessments of Elastic Anisotropy of Banded Amphibolite as a Function of Cleavage Orientation Using S- and P-Wave Velocity(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015-07) Ali Esamaldeen, Guang Wu; Mohamed NuhaAs most rocks are of an anisotropic nature, the measurement elastic modulus of anistropic rocks is of general interest. Nevertheless, uniaxial compression test is common method to measure the dynamic elastic constants of anisotropic rocks; the use of ultrasonic pulse test is attractive, because the test is non-destructive and easy to apply. This study aimed to demonstrate the influence of orientation of foliation planes of banded amphibolite rocks on the compressional (Vp), shear wave (Vs) velocities propagating and elastic modules using ultrasonic pulse test. The result showed that the planes of foliation have a major effect on the wave velocity, where the Vp and Vs were taken parallel to the foliation plane show highest values than those obtained in the other directions (β = 30˚, 60˚ and 90˚). The preliminary conclusions are developed concerning that the elastic modulus is vary continuously as a function of cleavage orientation with respect to the direction of wave propagations, where Poisson’s ratio having the smallest relative change. The highest values of Young’s modulus and shear modulus are observed for foliation dip angles of 0˚ and the lowest values are for foliation dip angles of 90˚. This indicates that the observed intrinsic anisotropy and the close relations of the directional dependent seismic anisotropy to the foliation planes are mainly a result of crystallographic preferred orientation of major minerals (e.g. hornblende and elongated quarts grains).Item Assessments of Strength Anisotropy and Deformation Behavior of Banded Amphibolite Rocks(Springer, 2014-04) Esamaldeen Ali, Wu Guang; Zhao zhiming, Jiang WeixueAssessment of strength anisotropy in transversely isotropic rocks has been one of the most challenging subjects in rock engineering. However, far too little attention has been paid to banded amphibolite rocks. This study aim to evaluate strength and deformation anisotropy behavior of banded amphibolite rocks. The dynamic mechanical tests including ultrasonic pulse test, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian test and deformability test were performed on drilled rock samples as a function of foliation plane angle (b = 0 , 30 , 60 and 90 ). The results obtained have shown that the dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolite rocks have different values concerning banding plane. Compression and shear waves taken parallel to the foliation plane show highest values than those obtained in the other directions. Under uniaxial test, the banded amphibolite has a U-shaped anisotropy with maximum strength at b = 90 and minimum strength is obtained when b = 30 . Strength anisotropic index ranges between 0.96 and 1.47. It seems that the high range value of anisotropic index is mainly due to slight undulation of foliation planes, that being not perfectly straight. The results of elastic deformation test show that there is no clear dependence on microstructures characteristics of subtypeamphibolite rocks that controlling modulus ‘‘shapeanisotropy’’. However, in this study, Young modulus values of amphibolite rocks with b follow both types of shape-anisotropy, ‘‘U-shape’’ and ‘‘decreased order-shaped’’. Thus, this study recommended that further research be undertaken regarding the role of modulus ‘‘shape-anisotropy’’ within the same lithotype.Item Association between diabetes mellitus type 1 and celiac disease: case-control study among Sudanese patients 2009-2011(Omdurman Islamic University, 2012) Ahmed Bolad, Ahmed Farouk; Mohamed Faisal Lutfi, Mustafa NemeiriBackground: Gluten sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease (CD)) has a strong association with diabetes mellitus (type 1DM). Since, 2-3% of CD patients have selective IgA deficiency, the majority of the available tests may fail to show the auto-antibodies (the IgA endomysial antibody (EMA). To prevent such a false negativity, a new Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test has been introduced to detect both IgG and IgA antibodies reactive with tissue transglutaminase (tTG), an autoantigen in CD patients. Objectives: This study has been conducted to detect celiac disease among Sudanese patients with type 1 autoimmune diabetes using anti-tissue transglutinamase antibodies as a diagnostic tool. Patients and Methods: Samples were collected from sixty nine randomly selected patients (38 males and 31 females) and their age ranged between 3-22 years with DM type 1 who were attending the outpatient clinics in Gabir Abu Eliz diabetic Center and Omdurman Pediatric Emergency Hospital. Blood samples were collected from 25 healthy individuals as controls. Levels of tTG specific IgA, tTG specific IgG and anti-endomysial antibodies of IgA class were measured in sera collected from both cases and from controls. All the results were analyzed using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 and MicroSoft office excel. Results: Seven out of 69 patients with DM type 1 (10.1%) were identified as having CD using IgG anti-tTG and 5 (7.2%) of them were positive for IgA anti-tTG and IgA anti-endomysial antibodies. The mean of both anti-tTG IgA and IgG titers were higher in diabetic patients (M±SD = 12.30±41.0 and 7.2±13.1 respectively) when compared with the control group (M±SD =1.8±1.1 and 1.8±0.9 respectively), however, only anti-tTG IgG antibodies titer achieved statistical significance. Discussion and conclusion: The present study revealed that patients with DM type I have an increased tendency to develop CD. The increased association of CD and selective IgA deficiency is a potential source of false-negative IgA, therefore testing for IgG class autoantibodies is recommended if celiac disease is suspected. Antibodies to tTG antigen fall once a gluten-free diet has begun, thus facilitating monitoring of dietary compliance. Thus, anti-tTG antibodies are highly sensitive marker for celiac disease with 95- 100 % sensitivty, and specificity of 90 to 97 %.