مجلة النيلين الطبية
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Item ABO Blood Group and Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infection in Children(جامعة النيلين - مركز النيلين الطبي, 2017-04) Nada Boshra NasrAbstract Background: ABO blood group antigens with carbohydrate molecules are found on thesurface of erythrocytes, phagocytes, lymphocytes and certain epithelial tissues including urothelium, which may influence to human susceptibility for infectious diseases. Many bacteria cross-react with ABO blood groups antibodies, the Isohaemagglutinins may have an important protective role against cross-reacting bacteria. Objective: The aims of present study were to determine the ABO blood groups andsusceptibility to Urinary tract infection (UTI), and to determine the relationship between ABO blood group antigens and the type of bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods : ABO blood grouping was performed by poly clonal ABO Antisera,and the distribution of ABO Blood groups for 50 children with urinary tract infection (UTI) with positive urine culture (Patients group) were compared with the ABO blood group distribution for 50 uninfected UTI children (control group). Patients were matched one-to-one with control of the same age, sex and origin. Questionnaires were filled out from two groups regarding to their ages, sexes, blood group types, NMJ April 2017 vol.5 No.20 ISSN 1858-6155 73 NMJ 2017 Geographical origin and the type of Uropathogen was filled out for each patient. The blood groups of patients were compared with bacteria types isolated from cultures, ages, sexes and Geographical origin. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS v20, Fisher exact test. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% (p< 0.05). Results: The distribution of blood groups was as follows: blood group O was 41%.28%, 23%and 8% for Blood group A, B, and AB respectively. Escherichia coli (E.coli) was the major cause of UTI in the studied group (60% of the patient), followed by Klebsiella (18%). The other types of bacteria were less frequent. There was a significant difference found in the distribution of the types of bacteria among the four blood groups (p=0.049). However, urinary tract pathogens had no significant correlation with sex and age, origin. No significant found in the distribution of blood group between two (patients and control) groups. Blood group A was much less infected with E.coli (25%) than those with the other three blood groups (AB was 80%. 69.2%, 70% for B and O respectively). Conclusion: This study extends and confirmed previous studies in Sudan regardingcorrelation between UTI and ABO blood groups. However, the current study in contrast with other studies and this could be due to differences in genetic makeup and epidemiological settings. In conclusion the current study finds that E.coli is the most common known cause of UTI in children. Blood group A showed less chance to get UTI by E.coli infection in children. This could be due to protectively with anti B Isohaemagglutinins, or antigen A)it self which present in urotheilum, or both protective factor.Item Acceptability of Reproductive Health Information, Education and Communication printed materials- Khartoum and East Nile localities- Khartoum State-Sudan (2013)(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-09) Mohammed Abdulla Alnassri, Soad; Elnimeiri, Mustafaيجب أن تكون رسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات مقبولة لدى الفئه المستهدفة. اما إذا كانت وسائل الاتصالات تحتوي على شيء مسئ وليست معقولة ، فإن الفئه المستهدفة ترفض الرسالة. الهدف العام من هذه الدراسة تقييم مدي قبول الامهات لوسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات المط يجب أن تكون رسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات مقبولة لدى الفئه المستهدفة. اما إذا كانت وسائل الاتصالات تحتوي على شيء مسئ وليست معقولة ، فإن الفئه المستهدفة ترفض الرسالة. الهدف العام من هذه الدراسة تقييم مدي قبول الامهات لوسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات المطبوعه في مجال الصحة الانجابية . بوعه في مجال الصحة الانجابية .Item Acute Scrotal Swellings In Children, Presentation & Management(جامعة النيلين - مركز النيلين الطبي, 2018-06) Aamir Abdullahi HamzaAbstract: Background: The term acute scrotum refers to acute scrotal pain. This presentation should always be treated as an emergency because of the possibility of testicular torsion and permanent ischemic damage to the testis. It presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the presentation and management of acute scrotum in paediatric surgery. Methods: It is a prospective descriptive analytical study, conducted on three hospitals in the period from Mar. 2013 - Nov. 2014. It included all paediatric patients of acute scrotum younger than 13 years. Data was reviewed and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Final diagnosis was made by Doppler ultrasound ± surgical exploration in all cases. Results: the findings included epididymoorchitis (39.5%), testicular torsion (34.2%), torsion of testicular appendage (10.5%), scrotal abscess (6.6%), haematocele (5.3%) and obstructed inguinal hernia (3.9%). The common triad of symptoms was pain (100%), swelling (90.8%) and fever (46.1%), while the common triad of signs was tenderness(96.1%), erythema (82.9%) and oedema (80.3%).Surgical exploration was performed in 49 patients (64.5%), findings were testicular torsion (n=26), torsion of testicular appendage (n=8), epididymoorchitis (n=7), scrotal abscess (n=5) and obstructed inguinal hernia (n=3). In testicular torsion group, salvage rate was 38.5% (n=10), in most of patients (90%) operated within 24 hours from symptoms onset, however, most patients underwent orchiectomy (n=15) were operated after 24 hours (P value 0.000). Conclusion: Although epididymoorchitis is the most common cause of acute scrotum in paediatric, testicular torsion is the most important differential diagnosis since delay in management leads to testicular loss. Unfortunately, testicular torsion cannot be consistently confirmed or rule out by history and clinical examination.Item Al Neelain Medical Journal(Al-Neelain University, 2023-03) Al Neelain Medical Journal -Faculty of medical and health scienceItem Al Neelain Medical Journal(Faculty of medical and health science, 2022-10) Al Neelain Medical Journal -Faculty of medical and health scienceItem Al Neelain Medical Journal(Faculty of medical and health science, 2022-12) Al Neelain Medical Journal -Faculty of medical and health scienceItem Al Neelain Medical Journal (NMJ)(Al-Neelain University, 2020-02) Faculty of MedicineItem Al Neelain Medical Journal - VOL -23(2018-12) Al Neelain Medical JournalItem Al Neelain Medical journal -Cover(Faculty of Medical -Alneelail University, 2020-02) Al Neelain Medical journalItem ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE OF CLINICAL LABORATORY METHODS: PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES(2018-12) Mohammed Babikir M. Elbashir; Abu Bakar Hassan; Bakri Yousif Mohamed NoorThe introduction of new instruments and methodology in medical laboratory necessitates validation studies of accuracy and precision to ensure that the new method is to meet acceptable standards of performance. Evaluation studies will assess the current performance characteristics of instruments under study. Daily quality control procedures represent the primary tool to continuously monitor the performance of laboratory instruments. Most of medical laboratories in Gazira state either totally not implement these practices or partially been implemented. The main cause is the lack of proper training especially at managerial and decision-making levels. The study question is what kind of errors are present plus how much big are those errors. Methodology: The study has been conducted during the period from June to October 2017. Precision and accuracy performance characteristics have been thoroughly evaluated for the chemistry analyzers of three major clinical laboratory entities in Wad Medani, Gezira state, Sudan. Three biochemistry analytes were chosen- urea, glucose and cholesterol. Imprecision assessment was done according to the guidelines protocol of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI – EP15-A2 while assessment of inaccuracy was carried out according to CLSI– EP6 guidelines. Administrative approvals were obtained from the Managers of selected facilities. Results: 22 out of 24 imprecision experiments were successfully passed producing 92% pass rate for lab 1. Lab 2 imprecision experiments shown to be acceptable. 24 out of 24 imprecision experiments were successfully passed producing 100% pass rate for lab 2. Unfortunately, 13 out of 24 imprecision experiments were successfully passed producing 54% pass rate for lab 3. 9 out of 17 linearity evaluation and calibration verification results were shown to be successfully verified making a score of 53% for lab 1. 17 out of 18 linearity evaluation and calibration verification results were shown to be successfully verified making a score of 94% for lab 2. Finally, 13 out of 18 linearity evaluation and calibration verification results were shown to be successfully verified making a score of 72% for lab 3. Conclusion: The aim of this project was to fill the gaps which have been found in the process management among the study population by using a practical example. Errors found are mostly related to issues with calibration processes whether some bad materials might have been used or corrupted micropipette might have been involved. Recommendations: Wrong practices like refilling reagents and using any material beyond the stated expiration date may be considered as the major contributor on this dilemma. If the lab ought to use an outdated material, it should be strictly monitored by quality control procedures. The culture of preventive maintenance plays a substantial role in the machine performance, spending money on maintenance training program is far less expensive than fixing repeated problems. The study recommends to take these practices into a large scale covering all laboratories in Wad Medani, Gezira state and to be regulated by the local authorities.Item Apprehension of Reproductive Health Information, Education and Communication printed materials- Khartoum and East Nile localities- Khartoum State-Sudan (2013)(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-06) Mohammed Abdulla Alnassri, Soad; Elnimeiri, Mustafa; A lam Elhuda, Daffallaالاستخدام المنظم لبرامج التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات خلال فترة الحمل و بعد الولادة، من خلال الفرد أو الجماعة، تؤدي الي تغييرات ايجابية ومرغوبة في الممارسات الصحية للأمهات، مما يؤدي إلى ام سليمة وطفل سليم . الهدف العام من هذه الدراسة تقييم مدي فهم الامهات لوسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات المطبوعه في مجال الصحة الانجابية .Item Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Sandfly and Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Activities in Rural Area of Gedarif State, Sudan in May 2008(جامعة النيلين, 2012) Moawia M. Hassan; Anwr O. Banaga; Ehab AM. Frah; Bakri Y. M. NourControl of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Sudan remains a subject of interest because the disease threats lives of many populations in endemic areas. Success of the disease control programme depends on improving of knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of the community towards kala-azar in the endemic areas. No data have previously been published on the KAP of the community towards kala-azar in Sudan. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Tabarakallah and Barbar elfugara villages (Gedarif State; eastern Sudan) during May 2008 to assess the KAP towards sand fly and leishmaniasis control activities by households. Heads of 388 of households from the two villages were interviewed using a well designed socio-economic questionnaire. Most of the respondents in the area (95.6%) were aware of Kala-azar. However, fever, weight loss (28.1%) and hepato-splenomegaly (31.4%) were the most commonly known symptoms. The infectious NMJ March مجلة النيلين الطبية-العدد الرابع 2012 2012 Al Neelain Medical Journal vol.2 No.4 ISSN 1858-6279 nature of the disease was only known to 19.6% whereas 51% of the respondents believed that transmission is by other insects (e.g. mosquitoes) rather than sand flies. Most of the respondents (76.8%) preferred specialize VL treatment centres than health centres (19.1%) or public health sectors (0.5%) for treatment. Approximately, 33.2% of the respondents thought that sand flies breed in hospitals and only 17.7% knew that sand flies biting occur during night. The majority of the respondents (85.5%) believed that ITNs can be a good choice for control of VL rather than insecticide spraying (5.7%) or applying of mosquito repellents (2.7%). Poor knowledge of the respondents in the study area about symptoms of KA, nature of the disease transmission, breeding sites of the vector and control measures underline the urgent need of intensive health educational campaigns in the area to help future plan to control the disease.Item Assessment of Nurse’s Competences during Emergency Management of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction at critical care units and emergency department at Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State (2013(جامعة النيلين- مركز النيلين الطبي, 2013) Hassanat Elbashir Mohamed Mustafa1; Mustafa Nimeiri; Ahmed Bolad; Siddig Khalil1Item Assessment of Nurses Competency during emergency Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction(جامعة النيلين - مركز النيلين الطبي, 2013-11) Prof. Mustafa khidir Mustafa EL nimeiri, Prof. Ahmed BoladABSTRACT Background: Nursing care is of utmost importance in survival of a patient with myocardial infarction. The competence of the nurse in charge is very crucial in such patient care. This study aimed at assessment of nurses‘ competence in management of patients presenting with myocardial infarction at five Hospitals in Khartoum State. Materials and Methods: Relevant data were collected by standardized structured questionnaire from 139 nurses (participants) caring from patients in the cardiac care units (CCU) and emergency departments. Results: The study enrolled 139 nurses (females 84% and males 16%); with various qualification degrees master 10 %, Bachelor 67% and diploma 23% randomly selected from the already mentioned departments. About 55% of the participants had level of knowledge in management of acute myocardial infarction below average while 42% of the study sample had attitude below average. Moreover, 58% of the participants had below average skill. By testing the factors that affect the competence components it appeared that training, management guidelines, qualification, experience in nursing and number of years expended in CCU and emergency department had got significant effect.Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that the level of the nurse competence in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction depends on the advanced level of training and setting of clear guidelines for management.Item Assessment of Serum anticardiolipin and antibet2-glycoporotin1 among Sudanese women with recurrent miscarriage in Khartoum state- Sudan(جامعة النيلين - مركز النيلين الطبي, 2017-02) Nagla, Taha, Rafie.U E1;ELsadigAbstract: Introduction: Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are a heterogeneous family of approximately twenty auto antibodies directed against phospholipids binding plasma proteins Objective: The aim of the study was to assess of serum anti cardiolipin and serum anti bet2- glycoporotin1 among some Sudanese woman with recurrent miscarriage. Methodology: This study was conducted in Turkey teaching Hospital, Omdurman maternity hospital and Khartoum north teaching hospital in great state of Khartoum from 2014to 2016. The study was performed on 100 patients as the study group and 100 healthy . The age for the control group and the test group were matched. Serum levels of anticardiolipin`(ACL) and serum antibet2-glycoporotin1 ( Aβ2GPI) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Rustles: There were significant increase in mean of serum anticardilipin antibodies I,IgG ,IgM) ; mean ±SD was (IgA =4.62± 1.9 U/mL) , (12.61± 1.7 U/mL), (6.16± 1.5 U/mL) for patients with recurrent miscarriage compared with control group; mean ±SD (3.52± 3.4 U/mL), (1.92± .48 u/mL), (1.77± .82 u/mL) P value (0 .006), (0.000), (0.000) respectively. The same significant difference (p=0.000). was observed with the serum antibet2-glycoprotein1 in the study group compared to the control group (10.57± 6.5 vs 3.8± 2.5 ) respectively. There was a significant correlation (r.0.239, P<0.017) between the levels of( IgG )ACL and(IgG) anti-beta2 GPI antibodies. ACL frequency was reported in 32% of patients with recurrent miscarriage and in 2% of control group. Conclusions: A significant association was observed between recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and the presence of serum anticardiolipin(IgA,IgG,IgM)and, antibet2-glycoporotin1 (IgG). Also, there was a significant relationship between positive anticardiolipin (Ig G ) and antibet2- glycoporotin1 .Item Association between H. Pylori and Urticaria or Gastritis(مركز النيلين الطبي, 2015) Sheema Mohsin Mustafa1; Ahmed Bolad1; Maha Ibrahim1; Tarig Abbas1; Alsagad Altayeb1Background: Studies have established that Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic gastritis. Recent evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori infections play a great role in the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases, the best evidence for such a link is found for two diseases; chronic urticaria and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Objectives: the current study is aiming at evaluating the relationship between H. pylori among patients with different cutaneous problems mainly chronic urticaria by using immunological methods. On the other hand the study is aiming at verifying the effect of treatment on the prevalence of disease. Materials and Methods: 119 Specimens (blood and stool samples) were obtained. Serum was stored at -20°C until used. Stool was collected in clean container and tested immediately. Specimens were processed by Serum ICT (ACCURATE, diagnostic use, china) and Stool Antigen ICT KITS (CERTEST BIOTEC S.L.) for detection of H. pylori. Significance tests, measures of accuracy and confidence intervals were calculated using the biomedical Stats Direct Statistical Software v2.7.9 (7/9/2012). IBM SPSS Statistics v22 was used in the descriptive data analysis. Results and discussion: H. Pylori infection was detected in about half of the patients who suffered from either urticaria or gastritis. The prevalence of H. Pylori was estimated in the three groups as 48.3% (CI: 35.2% to 61.6%); in the urticaria group, 51.7% (CI: 32.5% to 70.6%); in the gastritis group and 13.3% (CI: 3.8% to 30.7%) in the apparently healthy group (labelled ‘Normal’). Proportions of H. Pylori infection in the urticaria and the gastritis groups were not statistically significantly different. Both groups, however, had a significantly different proportion of HP infected patients when compared with the apparently healthy (Normal) group. This statistically significant difference was suggestive of an association between H. Pylori and both of urticaria and gastritis. Keywords: H. Pylori; Urticaria; GastritisItem Attitude of Patients with Bronchial Asthma towards their Management in Alshaab Teaching Hospital Khartoum State, Sudan(جامعة النيلين - مركز النيلين الطبي, 2013-11) Zeinab Taha Ali, Alaadin Hassan AhmedABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization and the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have formed the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) to cut deaths and prevent disability from asthma through a programmer of education, treatment and prevention. The aim of this study is to assess the patient's behaviour regarding asthma management. Materials and Methods: The study involved 139 asthmatic adult patients no other lung disease. Data were collected by a Questionnaire and then analyzed by SPSS version 17. They were calculated to test patient's behaviour regarding asthma management with demographic factors. Statistical significance was accepted when P value equals or less than 0.05. Results: The males were 59 (42.4%) and females were 80 (57.6%). One hundred and three (74.1) patients took their medication as prescribed by the treating physician. One hundred and twenty patients (87.8%) followed the environmental precautions for items that were allergic to. Sixty three (45.3%) of the patients Keep follow-up with the chest physician and 135 patients (97.1%) used to take inhaler for treatment of their disease. Conclusion: The vast majority of the asthmatic patients in Alshab Teaching Hospital complied with the prescribed drugs and the advice towards precautions against environmental asthma provoking allergens. Less than half of patients had regular follow- up with the chest physician.Item Bacterial contamination of babies’ skin care products in Sudanese markets(جامعة النيلين - مركز النيلين الطبي, 2013-11) Yosra .T. Osman, Mohammed Elfatih .A. OmarABSTRACT Background: Infants are born with a developing epidermal barrier that is more permeable and more reactive to the environment. Babies‘ skins are very susceptible to infection which may acquire through microbial contaminants in skin care products. Method: Bacteriological quality was examined for 93 babies‘ skin care products, collected randomly from local Sudanese markets. The samples include 39 lotions, 45 talc powders and 9 shampoos, isolation of bacteria passed through many stages, started by inoculation of products into nutrient broth then cultured in selective media and identification of isolates confirmed by using biochemical tests. Results: The incidence of contamination recovered variable bacteria, Bacillus spp isolated from 39 samples (41.9% ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 16 (17.2% ), Gram negative rods isolated from 3 samples (3.22%), and a mixture of Gram negative rods and Gram positive rods isolated from 3 samples (3.22%), Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 4 samples (4.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from two samples (2.1%) and one sample was found to be contaminated by E.coli(1.07%). Conclusions: The results showed high incidence of bacterial contamination by potential hazardous microorganisms. Attention must be paid to microbial hazard analysis in critical control points to minimize risk of contamination to produce a product which is microbiologically acceptable.Item Bancroftiasis in North Kordofan State, Sudan(جامعة النيلين- مركز النيلين الطبي, 2012) Azza Tag E.B; Adam Ahmed AdamItem Biochemical Profiles of Children with Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Central Sudan: a case-control study(جامعة النيلين- مركز النيلين الطبي, 2013) Hani Y. Zaki; Badreldin E; Abdalla; Hayder E. Babkier