دراسات اقتصادية - دكتوراة

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    قياس وتحليل الكفاءة النسبية للمصارف العاملة في الأردن باستخدام تقنية مغلف البيانات للمدة (2012-2017)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2019) سعد نوري عطاالله الحمداني
    المستخلص تناولت الدراسة متغيرات مهمة في قطاع المال والاعمال. خلال الفترة الزمنية (2017-2012) من خلال تطبيق اسلوب تحليل مغلف البيانات ((Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) لتقدير الكفاءة الفنية الثابتة والكفاءة المتغيرة والكفاءة الحجمية، وتتجلى الاهمية للمصارف الرائدة نحو تحسين ادائها من خلال اسلوب تحليل مغلف البيانات، ومن هنا تبرز مشكلة الدراسة بأثارة التساؤل الرئيسي الذي تدور حوله مشكلة الدراسة. اذ ان ضعف الاهتمام في قياس كفاءة المصارف في الادارة العليا انعكس سلبا على كفاءتها النسبية. هدفت الدراسة الى الاجابة عن التساؤلات عبر التأطير النظري المفاهيمي الخاص بموضوع الدراسة عن متغيراتها وقياس كفاءتها، ولغرض تحقيق هدف الدراسة والاجابة عن تساؤلات مشكلة الدراسة تم اختيار المصارف العاملة في الاردن البالغة (25 مصرف)، واعتمد الدراس على تطبيق تقنية تحليل مغلف البيانات وتم تحديد مخرجين هما(القروض والتسهيلات الائتمانية) ومدخلين (الودائع ورأس المال). وتوصلت الدراسة الى عدة نتائج اهمها: أن تحليل متوسط مستويات الكفاءة المصرفية للقطاع المصرفي الأردني ولكافة أنواع الكفاءة (الثابتة، المتغيرة، الحجمية)، جاءت كالتالي حيث بلغ متوسط الكفاءة الثابتة للقطاع المصرفي الأردني (0.58) وبلغ متوسط مؤشر الكفاءة المتغيرة (0.67) مما يعني هناك هدر في استخدام الموارد المصرفية بمقدار (0.33) حسب مؤشر الكفاءة المتغيرة، وهدر في الموارد بمقدار (0.42) حسب مؤشر الكفاءة الثابتة، وتوصلت الدراسة لعدة توصيات أهمها ضرورة العمل على رفع مستويات الأداء في البنوك التجارية الأردنية والعمل على تحديثً مستمرًا للخدمات البنكية. Abstract The study addressed the important variables in business and financial sector during the period from 2012-2017 through applying the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the constant technical efficiency, variable efficiency and volume efficiency, the importance of the pioneer banks dwelled in improving its performance through Data Envelopment Analysis method, from this point the problem of the study represents the main question which around about the problem of the study. Where weak interest in measuring the efficiency of banks in the superior management reflect negatively on the relative efficiency. The study aimed to reply the questions through conceptual framework specially the subject of the study about the variables about and measure its efficiency, for the purpose of improving the aim of the study and the answer of these questions, the study chose 25 banks from Jordan’s banks, the researcher depend applying the Data Envelopment Analysis technology and then determine the two output (loans and credit facilities) and two input ( deposits and capital). The study achieved several results, the importance of it is analyzing the average of the bank efficiency levels of Jordan’s banks sector for all types of efficiency ( constant, variables, volume) , cane as follows where the average of the constant efficiency for Jordan’s banks sector (0.58) and the average of the variable efficiency indicated (0.67) that means there is loss when using bank’s resources as (0.33) according to the variable efficiency indication, the loss on resource is (0.42) according to the constant efficiency indication, the study reached to several recommendations, the importance of it was the necessary of work to raise the level of performance in the commercial banks in Jordan on updating continuation in banks services.
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    الأثر الاقتصادي للتحصيل الإلكتروني على الإيرادات العامة بالسودان خلال الفترة (2013-2017م) دراسة حالة وزارة المالية ولايــة النيــل الأزرق
    (جامعة النيلين, 2016) أميـر أحمد آدم إبراهيـم
    مستخلص تناول البحث دراسة وسيلة مهمة من وسائل التحصيل الالكتروني للإيرادات العامة في السودان، دراسة حالة وزارة المالية ولاية النيل الأزرق، التي تتميز بزيادة الإيرادات وتخفيض تكلفة التحصيل وتمكين الجهات ذات الصلة من التعرف على الحجم الحقيقي للإيرادات. هدف البحث إلى محاولة التعرف على أثر التحصيل الالكتروني في زيادة الإيرادات ومدى فعالية تطبيقه من خلال الوقوف على مخرجاته والتعرف على مدى ملائمة البنية التحتية في مجال الاتصالات في السودان لتنفيذه، جاءت أهمية البحث للاستفادة من تطبيق التحصيل الالكتروني في دراسة المشاكل والمعوقات والكشف عن مدى مساهمته في زيادة الإيرادات وخفض تكلفة التحصيل وسرعة إعداد التقارير المالية،افترض البحث بوجود علاقة ذات دلاله إحصائية بين تطبيق التحصيل الالكتروني وزيادة الإيرادات، ويؤدى إلى خفض تكلفة التحصيل ويساهم في سرعة ودقة إعداد التقارير المالية، اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لجمع المعلومات والبيانات ذات العلاقة بالموضوع من مصادر أولية وثانوية في الفترة من (2013م-2017م)، خلص البحث إلى نتائج أهمها : أن تطبيق التحصيل الالكتروني يؤدى إلى زيادة الإيرادات العامة في ولاية النيل الأزرق، ويعمل على تخفيض تكلفة تحصيل الإيرادات، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة ربط النظام الالكتروني مع الأنظمة الإيرادية عبر بوابه الكترونية موحدة ،ضرورة إنشاء نظام مماثل لنظام التحصيل الالكتروني لضبط المصروفات العامة. Abstract The problem of research was to examine the study of an important means of electronic collection of public revenues in Sudan by applying to the Ministry of Finance, the state of Blue Nile, which is characterized by increased revenues and reduce the cost of collection and enable the relevant parties to identify the real size of revenue. The search goal is to try to identify The importance of the research to benefit from the application of electronic collection in the study of problems and obstacles and to reveal the extent of its contribution to increase revenues and reduce the cost of collection And the speed of financial reporting, the study assumes that there is a statistically significant relationship between the application of electronic collection and the increase in revenues, which reduces the cost of collection and contributes to the speed and accuracy of financial reporting. Data and related data from primary and secondary sources in the period from 2013 to 2017, the research concluded that the application of electronic collection leads to increase public revenues in the state of Blue Nile and reduces the cost of revenue collection. With electronic systems through a unified electronic portal, the need to establish a system similar to the electronic collection system to control public expenditures.
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    تقويم أداء سوق تجارة الجملة للخضر والفاكهة الطازجه في الأردن
    (2000) عاكف احمد الزغبي
    Abstract Market performance is considered to be the result of its structure and participant conduct. Its importance is related to the correlation between the productivity of economic activities and distribution of the retrmrs of these activities with the market performance that is assumed to improve with the conversion of the market towards perfect competition. For that, the subject of market perfonnance was opted. Fresh fruit and vegetable wholesale market were selected because of its nutritional and economic importance as the production, in the last few years, reached 1.8 million tonnes fulfilling the local consumption needs as well as exporting around 400 thousand tones generating more than 100 million dollars. The problem the study is to investigate and try to remedy the several imperfection features of the wholesale market for fresh fiuits and vegetables that are prevailing. To ratify market performance, the study selected two approaches: organizational structure of the market and price efficiency. The study objective, in that context, aimed at determining the market structure, participant conduct and price efficiency in terms of seasonality, marketing margins and market integration to attain the overall objective of the study, which is improving market performance. ’, According to the study plan, the study described and defmed marketing and its principals, market performance and evaluation criteria, the importance of fresh produce to the Jordanian economy and the state of wholesale markets in the country. Furthermore, the study analyzed and suggested rectifications to the market structure and price efficiency. Finally, the study deduced the future prospects of fresh produce wholesaling industry in Jordan. The study findings include the following: a- Low moderate monopolistic competition exists among commission agents and among exporters Barriers to entry and exit of new commission agents. - Homogeneity of product. " ' ' - Infonnation are not equally available for all participant. No price collusion among commission agents or exporters nor between exporters and commission agents. f- ' Commission agents and » exporters have.» bargaining power compared to producers. __ . g- Wholesale markets are not performing their role. 11- Violations in the auction procedures and reselling of the produce. i- Seasonal price variation. v Lack of correlation between economies of scale and marketing margins and lack of correlation between margins and provided services. - Markets integration found to be moderate to low. ' As a remedy to the existing problems, the study arrived at the following recommendations: Amending laws and regulations to assure market freedom Removal of barriers to entry and exit Lnstitutionalizing national information system Improve wholesale market regulations and auction procedures and prohibition of reselling of produce Encourage the utilization of technology ' _ Encouraging investment in marketing infrastructure Improving scientific research and training as well as extension Promote contract farming ir1 the export and processing industries. Institutionalizing of financing programs to finance producers and exporters at favorable conditions. i
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    تحليل سياسات النقل في السودان بالتركيز علي قطاع النقل الداخلي
    (2000) سليمان خليفة عباس
    Abstract Transport is an important part in economic structure where the link is evident in its effect in the national domestic product and is evident as well in the link of transport supply and the increase in the country production in all sectors of agriculture, industry and services. Sudan knew transport modes since the dawn of civilization in peace and war and its transformation from subsistence to market economy was made on the railways. Inspite of its importance in a large country, transport remained unable to meet the inland transport needs geographically across the states and structurally along the various modes. Policies followed to establish transport structure or rehabilitate its components during the different stages did lead to the establishment of a sustainable system meeting the inland transport demand with the appropriate efficiency. Inland transport shortages are evident in its low coverage especially in states inflicted with armed conflict remaining deficient in transport system that could provide security and social livelihood. Moreover the transport system is characterized as an imbalanced system among its various modal components of rail, road, river and air transport modes. Policies adopted during the colonial era and up to the seventies of the last century provided the railway with a monopolistic status but did not prepare it for the up coming competition. Change of policies paved the way for roads to empower the sector in a monopoly status. The other sectors did not have the facilities that aid in competition in an open market where policies favour road and weekend rail and river transport. Now policies are advocated to coordinate the transport modes, however this is not linked to a plan or time scheduled prograamme to make that implementable. Historical intemal inclination of the sector is attributed the transport policies in Sudan. This deprived the country from benefiting from land locked cotmtries transit traffic via Port Sudan. At the same time that deprived the transport network from expanding across long distances increasing the utilization of their resources more efficiently. Projects advocated in regional forums will strengthen regional links and increase the size of the transport networks as it is the case in other regions of the world. Acquisition and implementation of new technologies are still very limited in the transport sector and the study points to the importance of this in the development of transport modes to meet economic and social growth. The study points also to the importance of considering the environmental factors associated with the transport sector and that it highly important to establish the basis that mitigates their effects and relief the coming generation from long term effects in absence of timely treatment.
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    دور الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر واثره في اقتصاديات الدول النامية (دراسة حالة السودان عن طريق نموذج قياسي 2000م - 2010م)
    (2015) حفيظه محمد عبدالله محمد
    Abstract The aim of this study is to reflect the impact of the direct foreign investment on‘ the economic development in Sudan and how it can enrich‘ the activities of investment in Sudan. This will help in directing the economic policies of the country and it will encourage investment according to some assumptions such as the availability of good environment that end up with improving investment directly. But still there are some problems that are related to the foreign investment in the developing countries specially in Sudan. The researcher adopted the descriptive, analytical and statistical methods to fulfil the goal ofthe research. i As for the problem of the research, it is reflected in questing about the role that the direct foreign investment plays in the development of Sudan. The researcher end up with results, whose most important are as follows: 1- Lack of enough informations forms an obstacle ahead of the foreign and local investors that a number of projects were abundant and the investors gave up the whole task. 2- Local of basic requirements in the areas of investment, besides the weak outcome of the Sudanese economy. 3- When the investment is opened to all, it will attract money (Capital) from aboard that will help in solving the economic problems in Sudan. It will also help in increasing the national production. Further more, it will help in solving the problems of idleness that is facing the youth, espccially the gradates. All these lead to the economic and social development. i The researcher also came out with a number of recommendations, top of them are as follows. 1- It is recommended that the general economic performance should be inproved and that the government should make more effort in improving the basic requirements of investment. 2- Making the formalities for investment more easy by solving the local disputes and creating a peaceful invironment for investment.
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    دور السياسات النقدية في تخصيص الموارد المالية للقطاعات الاقتصادية للفترة من 1970 الى 2009 (دراسة مقارنة بين البنوك التقليدية والاسلامية في السودان)
    (2012) الأمين ابكر عبد الباقى اخونا
    Abstract The main objective of this research is to evaluate the monetary policy of the central Bank of Sudan during the period 1970 to 1983 which was depending on the rate of interest Compared with the Islamic monetary policy adopted during the period 1984 to 2009, and the effects of these polices on the financialresources of traditional and Islamic Banks their uses and trends. " The main hypotheses of the research were firstly : The traditional and Islamic Banks are depending on financial resources owned by others (Depositors) seeks to invest these resources on most secured activities .Secondly: The financial resources of traditional and Islamic Bank are short- term and refundable at any time, this fact will not allow these banks to invest in the long term investment projects .Thirdly: banking system stability is the responsibility of the central banks both traditional and Islamic, so thfipi banks will not allow commercial banks to invest their resources in the project may cause repayment and liquidity problems to these banks . Fourthly: increasing the cost of capital by the central bank will reduce the commercial banks lending to the productive sectors and increase it to the non-productive sectors. The research adopted the descriptive methodology to test the hypothesis, so the consolidated balance sheet of commercial banks, was used in which the data about the financial resources of these banks are defined, their uses and trends according to the monetary policy adopted by the central bank of Sudan. The main results of the research were: 1- The ratio of basic financial resources of traditional and Islamic banks (Capital, savings and investment deposits) to their total resources is low. So this will not help these banks to invest in long-term investment projects which are needed for development. I 2- The ratio of savings and investment deposits to the total deposits is higher in Islamic banks, but the rate of resources employed in financing activates is higher in the traditional banks. 3- The monetary policy adopted by the central bank of Sudan failed to encourage both traditional and Islamic banks to increase their finance to the productive sectors of the economy namely agriculture, industry and exports. 4- Increasing capital cost by the central bank of Sudan has resulted in a decrease in The the bank’s credit to the productive sectors and increased it to non- productive sectors both in traditional and Islamic banks. main recommendations of the research are : 1- Due to the nature of the financial recourses of traditional and Islamic banks, the role of these banks in economic development should be a complementary to the role of the government. 2- The rate of growth in banks credit should not exceed the rate of growth of the €COI101'1'ly. 3- The returns from the government certificates should be calculated from the actual performance of the government projects constituting these certificates and the govemrnent should not use these retums in financing current expenditure.
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    أثر إنتاج البترول على التنمية الإقتصادية في السودان (في الفترة من 1994م- 2015م) The effect of Oil Production on Economic Development in Sudan During The Period (1994-2015)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2017) محمدعبدالقادرمصطفي عبدالقادر
    مستخلص الدراسة : تناولت الدراسة أثرإنتاج البترول على التنمية الإقتصادية في السودان خلال الفترة من (1994-2015) ومدى إيجابية إستخراج البترول على الصعيد الإقتصادي، وكيفية إستخدام عائدات البترول بصورة تدفع التنمية الإقتصادية في السودان. وتمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في مدي تأثير إنتاج البترول على متغيرات الدراسة كالناتج المحلي الإجمإلى، التضخم، سعر الصرف، الميزان التجاري. وهل إنتاج البترول له نتائج إيجابية على الصعيد الإقتصادي. ومدي مساهمة البترول السوداني في تحسن الخدمات الإجتماعية. وتعود أهمية الدراسة من أهمية إنتاج البترول على الإقتصاد السوداني ومساهمته في التنمية من خلال تأثيره على بعض المتغيرات الإقتصادية والخدمات الإجتماعية. هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة التأثير على المتغيرات المذكورة أنفاً، ومن ثم إبراز الدور الكبير الذي يلعبه البترول في عملية التنمية الإقتصادية. إفترضت الدراسة على أن إنتاج البترول له تأثير إيجابي على المتغيرات الإقتصادية كالناتج المحلي الإجمإلى، سعر الصرف، التضخم، الميزان التجاري، متوسط دخل الفرد، إنتاج البترول له أثر على مؤشرات التنمية الإقتصادية كامعدل النمو الإقتصادي، الدخل القومي، متوسط أسعار السلع. إتبعت الداراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي إعتمد على أسلوب المقارنة بين الفترات. توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج أهمها إنتاج وإستغلال البترول ساهم بصورة وأضحة في تمويل الموازنة العامة للدولة من خلال خروج فاتورة إستيراد النفط من المصروفات والمساهمة في الإيرادات العامة بما يعادل 60% في المتوسط من إجمإلى الإيرادات العامة قبل الإنفصال، إنتاج وتصدير البترول السوداني أدي إلى إستقرار نسبي في سعر صرف العملة الوطنية مقابل العملات الأجنبية، إنتاج البترول ساهم في تحسين الخدمات الإجتماعية كالتعلىم، الصحة، المياه والكهرباء، إنتاج البترول له أثر على مؤشرات التنمية الإقتصادية (معدل النمو الأقتصادي، الدخل القومي، متوسط أسعار السلع).أوصت الدراسة بضرورة الإستفادة من تجارب الدول التي سبقتنا في إستغلال البترول خاصة الدول النامية حتى نتجنب الإخفاقات التي لازمت الإقتصاد بعد الإنفصال، توجيه الإيرادات البترولية نحو المشروعات الإقتصادية كالقطاع الزراعي والصناعي وقطاع الخدمات, الإستفادة من الإيرادات البترولية في إعادة توزيع الدخل والتنمية بين أقإلىم البلاد المختلفة مما يساهم في الإستقرار الإقتصادي والسياسي، تطوير القطاع الزراعي والإهتمام به لدعم الصادرات البترولية في البلاد لكى نتجنب تكرار ما حدث للإقتصاد السوداني بعد إنفصال جنوب السودان. Abstract The study tackled the effects of oil production on economic development in Sudan during the period (1994 – 2015) and the positive role of oil production in economic aspects, and the method of using oil revenue so as to push economic development. The problem of the study is to what extent that oil has effected the economic variables GDP, inflation exchange rate and trade balance ? and its contribution in social services? The study followed a descriptive and analytical approach. The study assured that oil has a positive effect on economic variables. The most important result is that oil production has a positive effect on the economic development indicators, the economic growth role national income, and the average price of goods. The study achieved some results the most important results that the production and exploitation of oil the contributed in general budgie finance through the production of oil produced instead of that imports. The contributing oil in general revenue amounted to 60% before the separations of the Sudan. The production and exporting oil after the separation led to of South Sudan a relative instability in the exchange rate of the level currency. In general it is noticed that oil production the contributed I the development of social services as education, health, water and electricity. The study recommended the necessity of getting benefit of the experience of other developing countries in the field of oil. This will lead to the avoidances of problems. The oil revenue should be directed towards economic project in various fields. The benefits accrued from oil revenue should be evenly distributed to the various states in order to participate in political and economic stability more attention should be given to the development of the agricultural sector in order to also or unexpected events.
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    دور تطبيق منهج الإقتصاد الإسلامى فى معالجة مشكلة التضخم بالإشارة للتجربتين الماليزية والسودانية (2004_2014م) The role of applying IsIamic economic methods dealing with inflation problem in Maleysia and Sudan as case studies during the period (2004_2014)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2017) عاطف رجب نصر
    مستخلص: نشأت مشكلة التضخم بسبب تطبيق سياسات إقتصادية مالية ونقدية وضعية تقوم على أساس نظام الفائدة وخلق النقود والتوسع فى الائتمان والإحتكار وغير ذلك من السياسات التى لايقرها نظام الإقتصاد الإسلامى، هدفت الدراسة إلى تحليل ودراسة ظاهرة التضخم، أسبابه وأثاره الإقتصادية والإجتماعية وطرق معالجته فى الإقتصاد الإسلامى من خلال دراسة التجربة الماليزية فى تطبيق الإقتصاد الإسلامى، ودراسة تجربة السودان كنموذج للتطبيق الإسلامى والكشف عن أسباب القصور فى هذا التطبيق، وإجراء مقارنة بين التطبيقين وإستنباط نموذج نظرى لمعالجة التضخم. حيث يقوم البحث على الفرضيات التالية : لاتوجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين تطبيق نظام الإقتصاد الإسلامى فى ماليزيا ومكافحة التضخم. لاتوجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التضخم فى الإقتصاد السودانى بعد تطبيقه لنظام الإقتصاد الإسلامى. أتبعت الدراسة أكثر من منهج للحصول على بيانات متكاملة (المنهج التاريخى، المنهج الوصفى التحليلى). حيث تم جمع البيانات من الكتب والمراجع والبحوث المنشورة والتقارير والدوريات. توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها أن ماليزيا أستطاعت معالجة التضخم بإطراد بينما عانى الإقتصاد السودانى من إرتفاع معدلات التضخم فى فترة البحث. وأوصت الدراسة بإصلاحات إقتصادية عاجلة حتى يتمكن السودان من الوصول إلى معدلات تضخم أمنة تحقق الإستقرار الإقتصادى والإجتماعى والإستفادة من التجربة الماليزية فى تطبيق نظام الإقتصاد الإسلامى. ABSTRACT Inflation has come to life due to application of economic and monetary policies based on the interest system, expanding of credit, monopoly and other policies which are disapproved by principles of Islamic Economy. This research is analyzing the inflation phenomena through studying the Islamic Economic experience of Malaysia and the Sudanese experience as a model of Islamic Economy and looks at the causes of the shortcomings of its application. The research is comparing between the two experiences and trying to find a model theory of combating inflation. The study is relying on the following hypotheses: there is no statistical clue which links between the Malaysian Islamic Economic system and combat of inflation. On the other hand nothing can prove that inflation in Sudan is a result of adoption of Islamic Economy. The research used different methods to collect data (historical method and analytical descriptive method). Data was collected from books, references, published researches, reports and periodicals.The research has come with the following conclusions: the most important one is that Malaysia managed to address inflation while Sudan has suffered from rising rates of inflation during the period of this study. Sudan has to take urgent economic reforms to achieve secure inflation rates which will result in economic and social stability by getting lessons and good practices of the Malaysian experience.