تحليل سياسات النقل في السودان بالتركيز علي قطاع النقل الداخلي

Abstract

Abstract Transport is an important part in economic structure where the link is evident in its effect in the national domestic product and is evident as well in the link of transport supply and the increase in the country production in all sectors of agriculture, industry and services. Sudan knew transport modes since the dawn of civilization in peace and war and its transformation from subsistence to market economy was made on the railways. Inspite of its importance in a large country, transport remained unable to meet the inland transport needs geographically across the states and structurally along the various modes. Policies followed to establish transport structure or rehabilitate its components during the different stages did lead to the establishment of a sustainable system meeting the inland transport demand with the appropriate efficiency. Inland transport shortages are evident in its low coverage especially in states inflicted with armed conflict remaining deficient in transport system that could provide security and social livelihood. Moreover the transport system is characterized as an imbalanced system among its various modal components of rail, road, river and air transport modes. Policies adopted during the colonial era and up to the seventies of the last century provided the railway with a monopolistic status but did not prepare it for the up coming competition. Change of policies paved the way for roads to empower the sector in a monopoly status. The other sectors did not have the facilities that aid in competition in an open market where policies favour road and weekend rail and river transport. Now policies are advocated to coordinate the transport modes, however this is not linked to a plan or time scheduled prograamme to make that implementable. Historical intemal inclination of the sector is attributed the transport policies in Sudan. This deprived the country from benefiting from land locked cotmtries transit traffic via Port Sudan. At the same time that deprived the transport network from expanding across long distances increasing the utilization of their resources more efficiently. Projects advocated in regional forums will strengthen regional links and increase the size of the transport networks as it is the case in other regions of the world. Acquisition and implementation of new technologies are still very limited in the transport sector and the study points to the importance of this in the development of transport modes to meet economic and social growth. The study points also to the importance of considering the environmental factors associated with the transport sector and that it highly important to establish the basis that mitigates their effects and relief the coming generation from long term effects in absence of timely treatment.