المقالات العلمية - كلية الزراعة
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Item Effect of EDTA Supplementation on Broiler Chicks Fed Leucaena Leucocephala Seeds(2008) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Khadiga Abbas AbdelatiItem Effect of Dietary Levels of Processed Leucaena Jeucocephala Seeds on Broiler Performance and Blood Parameters(2008) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Khadiga Abbas AbdelatiItem Chemical Composition and Amino Acids Profile of Leucaena Jeucocephala Seeds(2009) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Khadiga Abbas AbdelatiItem Effect of Dietary Graded Levels of Leucaena Jeucocephala Seed on Layers Perfomance, Egg Quality and Blood Parameters(2009) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Khadiga Abbas AbdelatiItem Effect of supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks diet on the performance and carcass quality(2010) Talha E. E. Abbas; Mohamed E. AhmedAbstract- The research was conducted to examine the effects of supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks’ diet on the performance and carcass quality. A total of 96 one – day – old unsexed broiler chicks (Hubbard) were used. The experiment lasted 5 weeks (8 – 42 day). Three experimental diets were supplied ad – libitum. 1% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds (WCNSS) were added to the first experimental diet. To the second diet 2% Nigella sativa seeds was added. The third one which is the control was free of whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds (WCNSS). Supplementation of ground black seeds to the broilers chicks diet resulted in a significant (P< 0.01) decreased in feed consumption, body weight gain and live body weight. Birds fed on diet supplemented with 1% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in dressing % when compared to those fed on control or 2% supplemented diets. Addition of ground black seeds had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio liver, gizzard, heart and abdominal fat %. It was concluded that addition of 1% or 2% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks diet produces adverse effects on the performance and carcass quality.Item Effects of Dietary Levels of Methionine on Broiler Performance and Carcass Characteristics(2011) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Talha E. AbbasAbstract: The present experiment was carried out to determine the effect of dietary methionine levels higher than NRC recommendation on broiler performance and carcass traits. Four dietary levels of methionine 0, 100, 120 and 130% of NRC recommendation were used. Dietary levels of methionine, expressed as percentage of NRC recommendations, significantly (p<0.05) affected feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). Feed intake was numerically improved with 110 and 130% of NRC methionine, but was not improved by 120% NRC methionine. Body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) improved by 110 and 130% of NRC methionine compared to the control. The broiler chicks on methionine higher than NRC showed significant (p<0.05) increase in absolute and relative weight of breast and significant (p<0.05) decrease in abdominal fat.Item Effect of Choline Chloride Supplementation on Broiler Chicks Fed Leucaena leucocephala Seeds(2011) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Khadiga Abbas AbdelatiAbstract: This experiment was carried out to assess the effect of feeding leucaena seeds supplemented with choline on broiler chicks’ performance. Two levels of choline chloride (0, 0.1%) were added to three levels of leucaena seeds (0, 6 and 12%) and incorporated in broiler starter and finisher diets. All performance parameters were depressed with the inclusion of leucaena seed diets. PCV% of birds fed any level of leucaena seed diets was not significantly different compared to control. Plasma GOT, ALP, Na, Pi, K and globulin were not affected by the dietary treatments. Plasma cholesterol of birds fed leucaena seed diets was significantly lower than that of control. Leg score of birds fed leucaena seed diets was significantly (p<0.05) poorer compared to the control except for birds fed 6% choline supplemented leucaena seedsItem Effect of fluctuating ambient temperature on the performance of laying hens in the closed poultry house(2011) Talha E. Abbas; Mamoun M. Yousuf; Mohamed E. Ahmed; Ali A. HassaboExperiments were carried out to observe the effect of fluctuating ambient temperature and humidity on the performance of layers inside the closed system. The study was performed at El-najah Poultry Farm (closed system) in the central region in Saudi Arabia. 360 one-day-old layer chicks (Hy-line W98) were distributed randomly into three locations A, B and C in the central floor of the central line (battery) of the rearing house. At the beginning location A, centre location B and at the end of the house location C. Each location consists of 6 replicates (A1–A6, B1–B6 and C1–C6). In each replicate 20 chicks were housed. Pullets were transferred to the production house in the same farm at 17th week in the similar locations mentioned above. Each location consists of 6 replicates. In each replicate 5 birds were weighed and housed. The study revealed that, birds in location B (the centre of the house), where the temperature ranged (14-28°C) and humidity (22-90%), exhibited better performance than the other two locations, A and C, where temperature range (18-30°C, and 20-32°C) respectively, and humidity (30-80%, and 34- 84%) respectively. Therefore it was concluded that fluctuation of temperature inside the closed poultry house will affect the performance of laying hens.Item Table 4. Internal organs of different exotic broiler breeds under Sudan conditions(2011) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Talha E. AbbasItem Amino Acid Composition of Human and Animal’s Milk (Camel, Cow, Sheep and Goat)(2012) Sabahelkheir MK; Fat en MM; Hassan AAThis experiment was conducted in 2010, lab. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University. The objective of this investigation was to determine the essential, non essential and branched chain amino acid in human, camel, cow, sheep and goat milk. In methodology, the amino cid Analyzer (Sykam S 7130 Amino Acid Regent Organizer) was used to determine amino acid composition. Results have shown several differences in essential, non- essential and branched chain of amino acids patterns in five milks at p≤0.05. Keywords: milk, lysine, human, sheep and camel.Item Body Gain and Carcass Characteristics of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) under Extensive System of Management in the Sudan(2013) Salim Gibril; Rania M. Shamseldin; Osama E. Yassin; Al hafiz A. Hassan; Muzzamil AttaThe objective of this study was to examine the body weight gain and carcass traits of turkeys under the extensive system in the Sudan. 100 unsexed turkey growers of the British United Turkey (BUT Big 6) were kept in an extensive system of management at the University of Bahri Farm from 9 th to 16 th weeks of age. During this period, the birds were fed on an experimental diet of 2958 kcal/kg and 180.0 g/kg metabolizable energy and crude protein contents, respectively. The results showed that the turkey had initial weight of 2.49 ± 0.067 kg, final weight of 5.9 ± 0.255 kg, daily body gain of 66.25 ± 1.530 g/day, weekly feed intake of 1.31 ± 0.080 kg/bird/week, feed conversion ratio of 2.82 ± 0.307 g feed intake/g body gain and total mortality rate of 8%. The turkey also had 78.4 ± 2.776%, 14.87 ± 1.693%, 14.48 ± 2.143% and 35.72 ± 5.937% total dressing out, thigh, drum stick and breast percentages, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between male and female in the measured parameters. It can be concluded that turkeys can be reared under the extensive system of the Sudan with satisfactory body performance. Key words: BUT Big 6, Turkey, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, extensive systemItem A Study on Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) Raising in the Sudan(2013-10) Osama Elshiek Yassin; Salim Gibril; Al Hafiz Abdelrahman Hassan; Bushara A. BusharaA survey on turkey raising in the Sudan using structured questionnaires and interviews for 25 breeders and 5 dealers, officials of five state ministries and 8 Agricultural Colleges was carried out to know the present status of turkey rearing. Results showed that black at 5.74% was the dominant colour, 69.3% of respondents hatched their replacement flocks, 85.7% were home rearing 66.7% raised less than 30 birds and most breeders used cereals (sorghum and rice) of which sorghum constitute about 70%. Some 50% kept flocks for eggs and meat production, 25% for meat alone, 63.7% marketed live birds, 27.3% as slaughtered and 50% of respondents marketed at any age with customer availability and price being limiting factors. Healthwise 50% vaccinated their flocks and 66.7% received veterinary care and advice. Main problem encountered was feeding, followed by diseases and environmental factors (22.2%). For the majority (75%) manure had no use. No extension services or technical support were offered from all the state ministries. Most colleges included some educational courses on turkey. Index Terms— Survey, Turkey, Structured questionnaires, SudanItem Effect of Feeding Graded Levels of Decorticated Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Seeds on Broiler Chicks Performance(2013-10) Al hafiz Abdelrahman Hassan; Osama Elshiek Yassin; Salim GibrilThis study was conducted at Alneelain University farm, Jebal Awlia, Khartoum, Sudan, to assess the performance of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of decorticated Pigeon pea (Pp) Cajanus cajan seeds as a replacer to sesame cake. Two hundred unsexed Ross hybrid one day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 5 groups, 40 chicks each and randomly divided into 4 replicates of 10 chicks each in 5 feed treatments inside an open sided deep litter poultry house. They were fed (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%and 12%) levels. The study results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in feed intake, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) weight gain and final body weight by decortications and increasing rate of inclusion of (Pp) progressively. Incorporation of (Pp) at 12 % level followed by 9% gain the best results for all parameters studied but 6% incorporation did not show any significant (P ≥ 0.05) difference from 9 and 12% inclusion rates indicating best option for incorporation. Serum proteins and uric acid were within normal levels for all incorporation rates. Mortality ranged from 2.5-10% being highest at 12% incorporation level. It was concluded from this study that broilers can perform well up to 12% incorporation rate of (Pp) as a substitute to sesame cake.Item Cow Urine (TEI ORKEY) Uses by Ghulfun Tribe (ANCHO) in Noba Mountains, State of Southern Kordofan, As Therapy and Food Additive(2013-11) Hassan A A; Kashka G.O; Sabahelkhier MKThe aims of this study are screened the Biochemical analysis and microbial activity of cow urine. It is conducted in Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Science; Biochemical analysis revealed that moisture, urea and minerals contents of fermented cow urine were 95, 2.5 and 2.5%, respectively. The cow pea treated with cow urine is good source of Carbohydrates, protein, fats and minerals which play vital role in health of the person. Whereas, the fermented cow urine was free from bacterial that causes diseases. Keywords : Tie, Orkey, Ghulfun and Angsho, cow urineItem Effect of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) carcass components percentages(2014) R. M. Shamseldin; S. Gibril; M. Atta; O. E. Yassin; A. A. HassanThe objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on slaughter body weight, carcass weight and various carcass cuts percentages of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). 25 male and 24 female turkey growers were reared under semi intensive (13 males and 12 females) or extensive systems (12 males and 12 females). Eight males and 7 females of the semi intensive group were slaughtered at the 16 th week of age and the rest of birds in the group (5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered at the 28 th week of age. Regarding the extensive system group, 7 males and 7 females were slaughtered at the 16 th week of age, whereas 5 males and 5 females were slaughtered at the 28 th week of age. The results showed that birds slaughter at the 28 th week had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and percentage of breast cut weight and had lower percentages of wing tip, middle wing, drum matte, drum stick cuts weights than their fellow mates slaughtered at the 16 th week of age. Males always excelled females in slaughter weight, carcass weight and percentages of neck and thigh cuts weights. Only the breast cut weight increased at significantly faster rate than the whole carcass weight. It was increasing by 1.246% for each 1% increase of the carcass weight. Neck and thigh cuts weight increased at the same rate of the whole carcass weight (increase rates of 0.995 and 0.983%). The other cuts weights had significantly lower relative increase coefficients (ranging between 0.238 and 0.863%). It can be concluded that the slaughter age and sex significantly altered the percentages of the carcass components. Slaughtering at 28 weeks of age produced high yield of carcass. The system of rearing showed an insignificant load on the carcass components percentages. It is evident that the development of turkey’s carcass weight depended mainly on the breast cut weight increase. Keywords: Carcass; carcass components; TurkeysItem Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Dietary Lysine(2014) Mohamed E. Ahmed; Talha E. AbbasThe effect of feeding different levels of dietary lysine (100%, 110% and 120% of NRC 1994 recommendations) was evaluated in the current study. These levels were included in broiler starter and finisher diets. A completely randomized experimental design was used. Feed intake and body weight gain in broilers receiving 110% of NRC 1994 lysine, were significantly (P≤0.05) increased versus control. However, feeding 120% lysine significantly (P≤0.05) decreased feed intake. Body weight gain was not different (P≥0.05) among broilers fed control diet and 120% lysine. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly (P≥0.05) different among dietary lysine levels. There was no significant (P≥0.05) effect of dietary lysine levels on dressing percentage, relative weight of gizzard and liver. However, relative weight of abdominal fat decreased significantly in broilers received 110% and 120% of NRC lysine. It was concluded that offering 110% of NRC lysine to broiler chicks enhanced feed intake and body weight gain, but supplying of dietary lysine to broiler chicks above this level might decrease feed intake. Addition of 110% and 120% NRC lysine to broiler diet declines relative weight of abdominal fat.Item RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS TO DIETARY MORINGA SEEDS AND ZIGBIR AS NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTERS(2014) MOHAMED ELAMIN AHMED; Talha ELsadig AbbasAbstract- In a 42-day experiment the effect of moringa seeds and Zigbir on growth performance and carcass characteristics was studied. One hundred twenty, 1day-old, unsexed Ross 308 broilers were purchased from commercial hatchery. The initial live body weight of the chick was (47.00 g ±0.67). The chicks were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments containing 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Starter and finisher experimental diets consisted of control, 0.04% zigbir, 0.5% undecorticated moringa seeds UDCM and 0.5% decorticated moringa seeds DCM. Data were analyzed in completely randomized design using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and PER were not significantly (P≥0.05) influenced by dietary treatments except feed intake during starter phase. Dietary moringa seeds both decorticated or undecorticated significantly (P≤0.05) reduced feed intake during starter phase compared to control and zigbir supplemented groups. However, DCM seeds improved overall body weight gain by 5.58, 5.78 and 10.43%, when compared to control, Zigbir and UDCM seeds group, respectively. During all growth phases, the performance of birds fed dietary zigbir was not significantly (P≥0.05) different versus control. On the other hand relative weight of breast was significantly (P≤0.05) higher for birds fed DCM seeds compared to the others. It was concluded that supplementation of DCM seeds improved growth performance of the broilers.Item Grpwth Performance and carcass characteris of Turkeys(2014) Al hafiz A. Hassan; Salim Gibril; Rania M. Shamseldin; Osama Elshiek YassinItem Poultry meat quality and welfare as affected by organic production system(2015) Talha ELsadig Abbas; Mohamed Elamin AhmedAbstract: Most of consumers preferring organic food accompanied emerge of environmental awareness in the last decades. Organic production system is considered as an important solution for the environment problems because it improves sustainable agriculture by using organic compounds and avoiding synthetic chemical ones, restricting intensive production and making the entire chain of production under control. Therefore, it is encouraged and supported by environmental protection agencies in spite of the higher production cost of organic production compounds. Due to its higher production cost most producers prefer intensive systems because they focus on reducing cost and increasing production regardless of environmental degradation. Organic poultry system usually mentioned with free-range system and poultry welfare. That is because all organic systems are free-range. Organic system gets a lot of attention of animal welfare organizations because it assists birds to express normal behavior by offering plenty space. Organic or free-range system by some modifications and developing of the system regarding good management of its environment in addition to establishment of biosecurity measures it could considered as a suitable system for human, poultry and environment rather than intensive system because it achieves human health by avoiding dangerous remainders in food such as chemical residues, and for poultry by offering good welfare and health, and also to environment by improving sustainable agriculture.Item Effect of Dietary Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Metabolic Responses of Broilers(2015) Mohamed E. Ahmed; Talha E. Abbas; Mojahid A. Abdlhag; Dafaalla E. MukhtarAbstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding graded levels of yeast on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and some hematological indices. One day old Hubbard broiler chicks (n=160) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 8 broilers each. The dietary treatments contained 0% yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a negative control diet, 0% yeast + 30 ppm Oxytetracyline as a positive control, 1%, 2% and 3% yeast in the starter and finisher diets. During the experimental periods of 6 weeks, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio values were calculated. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks of age), some biochemical and hematological indices, carcass characteristics traits and internal organs weights were recorded. Growth performance parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by experimental diets. Chicks fed either 0 or 3% yeast recorded the highest (P≤0.05) feed intake, however, the best (P≤0.05) body weight gain was obtained by birds fed 0 or 1% dietary yeast compared to the positive control diet. The highest (P≤0.05) feed conversion ratio was reported for birds fed the positive control diet and 3% dietary yeast compared to the negative control diet. The inclusion of different dietary treatments had no significant (P≥0.05) effects on dressing percentage, hot base and relative weights of heart, gizzard and abdominal fat. Nevertheless, birds fed 3% dietary yeast showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the relative weight of the liver compared to the negative control diet. Relative weights of breast and thigh were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in birds fed 1% yeast than those fed 3% yeast. There were linear decreases in serum cholesterol and albumin of broilers fed graded levels of dietary yeast. It is concluded that yeast can be included in broiler diet at 1% without detrimental effects on performance, and could therefore serve as a natural substitute for antibiotics.