مجلة النيلين الطبية
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Item Al Neelain Medical Journal - VOL -23(2018-12) Al Neelain Medical JournalItem Quantification of Prophyromonas gingivalis In Subgingival Plaque Samples of Smokers and Non-smokers chronic periodontitis patients: A comparative Study(2018-12) EltaziW.M; Mukhtar M. M; Ghandour I. ABackground: Porphyromonas gingivalis considered a true and a major periodontal pathogen. Periodontal diseases are complex, multifactorial, polymicrobial infections characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor of periodontal diseases. Aim: To detect, quantify and compare bacterial load of P. gingivalis using Real-time PCR in subgingival samples of chronic periodontitis patients between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: In the present study that held in 2008, Khartoum State, out-patient clinics of Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital (KTDH) –Sudan, newly diagnosed chronic periodontitis patients were recruited randomly. For each subject clinical examination and subgingival plaque sample of 163 were obtained from mesial surface of molars in a selected posterior sextant (pocket depth ≥ 5 and bleeding on probing) and not used antibiotics in the past three months, were done. DNA extraction of Porphyromonas gingivalis and quantification with SYBR Green I assay real-time PCR technology was done. Result: Eighty nine were non-smokers while seventy four were smokers. The mean ± SD of plaque accumulate for smokers was 3.00± 0. 00 while the figure for non- smokers was 2.39± 0.49. The mean± SD of the pocket depth was 3.10± 0.90 for smokers while the figure for non-smokers was 1.54±0.60. The mean log-transformed of absolute counts of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples from the smokers was 212.93 ± 424.05 CN/1000 copies0.60 while the figure for non-smokers was 37.30 ± 45.07CN/1000 copies and the highest mean of absolute counts of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples from smokers was 217.15 ± 484. 23 CN/1000 copies in pocket depth 5mm (shallow pocket). Conclusion: Smokers show more plaque accumulation and more pocket depth than non-smokers. Tobacco smoking modifies subgingival microbiota particularly P.gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients and the highest mean of bacterial load in shallow pocket (5 mm).Item Iron deficiency anemia: prevalence and associated factors amongst adolescent females(2018-12) Malaz Abdelmoniem Mohamed Ahmed; Husam Eldin SadigThis study investigates the prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) among a population of adolescent females at Alqabas Secondary school in Khartoum, Sudan. The study also explores the association between the possession of IDA and a number of socio-economic and biological factors. The analysis was based on a random sample of 150 participants whose measurements of Complete Blood Check (CBC), blood film, serum iron, serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity were obtained to examine the anemia profile. Statistical methods such as mean, proportions, Chi square test of association and correlation analysis were performed on the collected data to estimate the prevalence of IDA and investigate the association in question. The main findings indicate that the overall prevalence of IDA is estimated by 29.5%, but the disease appears to be more prevalent in younger girls as compared with their older counterparts. In addition, the results show that having IDA is mostly associated with: family income, age, father’s education, whether parents are separated, habits of eating mud and weekly consumption of meet.Item ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE OF CLINICAL LABORATORY METHODS: PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES(2018-12) Mohammed Babikir M. Elbashir; Abu Bakar Hassan; Bakri Yousif Mohamed NoorThe introduction of new instruments and methodology in medical laboratory necessitates validation studies of accuracy and precision to ensure that the new method is to meet acceptable standards of performance. Evaluation studies will assess the current performance characteristics of instruments under study. Daily quality control procedures represent the primary tool to continuously monitor the performance of laboratory instruments. Most of medical laboratories in Gazira state either totally not implement these practices or partially been implemented. The main cause is the lack of proper training especially at managerial and decision-making levels. The study question is what kind of errors are present plus how much big are those errors. Methodology: The study has been conducted during the period from June to October 2017. Precision and accuracy performance characteristics have been thoroughly evaluated for the chemistry analyzers of three major clinical laboratory entities in Wad Medani, Gezira state, Sudan. Three biochemistry analytes were chosen- urea, glucose and cholesterol. Imprecision assessment was done according to the guidelines protocol of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI – EP15-A2 while assessment of inaccuracy was carried out according to CLSI– EP6 guidelines. Administrative approvals were obtained from the Managers of selected facilities. Results: 22 out of 24 imprecision experiments were successfully passed producing 92% pass rate for lab 1. Lab 2 imprecision experiments shown to be acceptable. 24 out of 24 imprecision experiments were successfully passed producing 100% pass rate for lab 2. Unfortunately, 13 out of 24 imprecision experiments were successfully passed producing 54% pass rate for lab 3. 9 out of 17 linearity evaluation and calibration verification results were shown to be successfully verified making a score of 53% for lab 1. 17 out of 18 linearity evaluation and calibration verification results were shown to be successfully verified making a score of 94% for lab 2. Finally, 13 out of 18 linearity evaluation and calibration verification results were shown to be successfully verified making a score of 72% for lab 3. Conclusion: The aim of this project was to fill the gaps which have been found in the process management among the study population by using a practical example. Errors found are mostly related to issues with calibration processes whether some bad materials might have been used or corrupted micropipette might have been involved. Recommendations: Wrong practices like refilling reagents and using any material beyond the stated expiration date may be considered as the major contributor on this dilemma. If the lab ought to use an outdated material, it should be strictly monitored by quality control procedures. The culture of preventive maintenance plays a substantial role in the machine performance, spending money on maintenance training program is far less expensive than fixing repeated problems. The study recommends to take these practices into a large scale covering all laboratories in Wad Medani, Gezira state and to be regulated by the local authorities.Item Competence of Midwives Regarding Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Maternity Hospitals - Sudan 2017(2018-12) ZEINAB ABAKER AHMED SAAD; EGBAL ABBASHAR ALGAMAR ALMKIYPostpartum hemorrhage is the major cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Maternal death from obstetrical hemorrhage in the Sudan contributed to 31.2% of the reported maternal mortality cases in 2015. The aim of this study was to assess the competence of midwives regarding prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at three maternity hospitals (Omdurman Maternity Teaching Hospital, Omdurman New Saudi Hospital and Sa'ad Abuelella University Hospital) (80) midwives were enrolled in the study. The data were collected by using a questionnaire and an observation checklist, and then they were processed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) – version (16), and presented in simple frequency tables, figures and cross tabulation. Results: this study found out that: (41.7%) of the respondent midwives had poor knowledge regarding the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage; there is significant relationship between the knowledge of midwives about management of postpartum hemorrhage and their age, years of experience, and qualification (p value=0.001, 0.003, and <0.00.1 respectively); (48.8%) of the respondent midwives had good practice on the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusions: more than forty percent of midwives had poor knowledge; and more than half of them had poor practice, on the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. ________________________________________ المستخلص خلفية : يعتبر نزيف مابعد الولادة من الحالات الطارئة والاكثر خطورة التى تواجه القابلة وهو أحد الاسباب التى تزيد من معدل الامراض والوفيات فى العالم، وتبلغ نسبة الوفيات من نزيف مابعد الولادة فى السودان31.2%حسب تقرير عام 2015 لوفيات الأمهات. الاهداف : تهدف الدراسة الى تقييم كفاءة القابلات في الوقاية من نزيف مابعد الولادة . منهجية البحث : إن الدراسة الحالية هي عبارة عن دراسة وصفية مقطعية أجريت في ثلاثة مستشفيات ( مستشفي الدايات بامدرمان –مستشفي السعودي ومستشفي سعد ابو العلا الجامعي ) على(80) قابلة، حيث تم جمع البيانات بواسطة استبيان وقائمة ملاحظة مرجعية، ومن ثم تم تحليلها بواسطة برنامج الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية، الاصدار (16) وتم عرضها فى جداول ورسوم بيانية. النتائج : أبانت الدراسة أن 32.5% من القابلات المشاركات لديهن خبرة من 0-4 سنوات,67.5% منهن تم تدريبهن على الوقاية من نزيف مابعد الولادة ؛فيما يتعلق بالمؤهل التعليمي وجدت أعلى نسبة عند الحاصلات على الدبلوم وهى 40%،وأدنى نسبة عند الحاصلات على الدراسات العليا وهى 1.2%. أيضا أشارت الدراسة الى أن 36.2% من القابلات لديهن معرفة جيدة بطرق الوقاية من النزيف بينما 22.2%معرفتهن ضعيفة.عموما وجدت هذه الدراسة أن 41.7% من القابلات المشاركات في الدراسة لديهن معرفة ضعيفة تجاه الوقاية من نزيف مابعد الولادة. وفيما يخص الجانب العملى، تبلغ نسبة القابلات اللواتي لديهن ممارسةعملية جيدة في الوقاية من نزيف مابعد الولادة 48.8% وجدت الدراسة الي ان هناك علاقة احصائية بين معرفة القابلات لمعالجة نزيف ما بعد الولادة وبين اعمارهن –سنين الخبره – ومؤهلاتهم المهنية علي النحو المتتالي, ( >0.00.1, 0.003,0.001) الخلاصة : خلصت الدراسة ان مستوى معرفة القابلات وأداؤهن لطرق الوقاية من النزيف مابعد الولادةضعيف. . كلمات مفتاحية : فترة النفاس- القابلات -نزيف ما بعد الولادة - - وفيات الامهات –كفاءة.Item Acceptability of Reproductive Health Information, Education and Communication printed materials- Khartoum and East Nile localities- Khartoum State-Sudan (2013)(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-09) Mohammed Abdulla Alnassri, Soad; Elnimeiri, Mustafaيجب أن تكون رسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات مقبولة لدى الفئه المستهدفة. اما إذا كانت وسائل الاتصالات تحتوي على شيء مسئ وليست معقولة ، فإن الفئه المستهدفة ترفض الرسالة. الهدف العام من هذه الدراسة تقييم مدي قبول الامهات لوسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات المط يجب أن تكون رسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات مقبولة لدى الفئه المستهدفة. اما إذا كانت وسائل الاتصالات تحتوي على شيء مسئ وليست معقولة ، فإن الفئه المستهدفة ترفض الرسالة. الهدف العام من هذه الدراسة تقييم مدي قبول الامهات لوسائل التثقيف والاتصال ونشر المعلومات المطبوعه في مجال الصحة الانجابية . بوعه في مجال الصحة الانجابية .Item Quality of nursing care for under-five children regarding management of dehydration Khartoum City - Governmental hospitals (2013)(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-09) Mamoun Amin, Nadia; Osman Musa, AbdelmageedDehydration is one of the leading causes of mortality among under-five children worldwide and mainly in developing countries. In Sudan, 20% of under-five children die due to dehydration. Nursing is essential in the management of dehydration. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of nursing care which was received by under-five children who were primary diagnosed with dehydrationItem Comparison of Rheumatoid Factor and anti-Cyclic-Citrullinated protein antibodies for the Diagnosis of rheumatic arthritis in Khartoum, Sudan(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-09) Khudair, Shaaban; Al Edressy, Mowahib; Abbas, Mohammed; Bolad, Ahmedالهدف من الدراسة الحالية هو تحديد حساسية ونوعية ( الأجسام المضادة لل CCP ) بالمقارنة مع عامل الروماتويدي (RF ) في تشخيص المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA ). طرق البحث تم جمع ست وخمسون عينة أيضا من المرضى السودانيين ( 46 إناث و 9 ذكور) يعانون من أمراض روماتيزمية والذين زاروا عيادة الروماتيزم مستشفى الرباط ، الخرطوم، السودان. تم تسجيل معايرة الاجسام المضادة لاختبار العامل الروماتويدي والاجسام المضادة ل CCP لكل مريض . تم تقييم الحساسية والنوعية باستخدام الانزيم المناعي الملتصق كمعيار قياسي. النتائج كانت حساسية اختبار RF (41/ 56) 73.2 ٪ في حين بلغت حساسية مكافحة CCP اختبار (34 /56) 60.7 ٪ . كانت خصوصية اختبار RF (44/ 56) 78.6 ٪ ، في حين كان خصوصية مكافحة CCP اختبار (54/ 56) 96.4 ٪ . الاستنتاجات مزيج من مكافحة CCP والاختبارات RF يوفر ما يقرب من 100 ٪ ، وبالتالي قد تكون مفيدة في التشخيص التفريقي ل التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي و غيرها من الأمراض الروماتيزمية.Item Cigarette Smoking &Gingival Bleeding among Chronic Periodontitis Patients in Khartoum Dental Hospital(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-09) Mohammed Abdelwahab Eltazi, WafaaPeriodontal disease is a pathological condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth. They can be either periodontitis or gingivitis. Periodontitis is characterized clinically by gingival bleeding on probing, loss of attachment, pocket formation, alveolar bone loss.Cigarette smoking is a major systemic risk factor for periodontal diseases.AimItem Intravascular lymphocytosis in acute appendicitis: Incidence and Significance(neelain.edu.sd, 2014-09) Mohd Elgaili, Elgaili; Ahmed Abdelrahim, Salah; Abdalla Mohamedani, AhmedAcute appendicitis (AP) is a common medical emergency sometimes posing a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Intravascular lymphocytosis (IVL) in appendicectomy specimens removed for AP is a common phenomenon that has not been described and studied in details in surgical pathology textbooks.