كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية

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    Association of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphism (rs699947) with Breast Cancer among Sudanese Women in Khartoum state-2022
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2022-10) HALA ALI YOUSIF OSMAN
    Abstract : Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The VEGF polymorphism gene has been implicated in susceptibility to cancer, but a large number of studies have reported inconclusive results. Aim: The present study aim to investigate the possible association between VEGF gene polymorphism and breast cancer in Sudanese female patients. Subjects &Methods: A analytic case control study conducted (April 2022 –August2022).Tissue samples were taken from 30 patients undergone surgical resection for breast cancer at Alsharief Hospital. From each patient, tumor tissue and adjacent aberrantly normal tissue from same patient were taken. Demographic data regarding age ethnicity and family history were obtained using pre-designed questionnaire after taking consent from subjects under study. DNA extraction from tissue samples was performed using guanidine chloride method. Followed by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify VEGF polymorphism. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used for determination of VEGF polymorphism. Data statistically analyzed using SPSS program (version 26) &EXCEL. Result: Breast cancer was common among age group (41-50) years (37.3%). Afro-asiatic ethnic was the most affected with high frequency in central Sudan represent (73%). The most common type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma represented (87%) of cases, (53%) in gradeII and(43%)in stageII. There was no significant association between VEGF polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility statistically chi-square p-value was 0.321, the most genotype in tumor tissue is heterozygote type(TA) followed by mutant type(AA) while in control tissue is heterozygote type(TA)followed by wild type(TT). Conclusion: This study report that there was no significant association between VEGF gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the examined supject. مستخلص الدراسة:- الخلفية: سرطان الثدي هو أكثر أنواع السرطانات انتشارًا بين الإناث في جميع أنحاء العالم بما في ذلك السودان. إن لعامل نمو بطانة الأوعية الدموية متعدد الأشكال الجينية دور في القابلية للإصابة بالسرطان ، لكن عددًا كبيرًا من الدراسات أبلغ عن نتائج غير حاسمة. الهدف: تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق من العلاقة المحتملة بين عامل نمو بطانة الأوعية الدموية متعدد الأشكال الجيني( (rs699947 وسرطان الثدي في النساء السودانيات. الموضوعات والطرق: تم دراسة الحالات والشواهد التي أجريت ب(أابريل2022- اغسطس2022).حيث تم أخذ عينات الأنسجة من 30 مريضة خضعوا لعملية استئصال جراحي لسرطان الثدي في مستشفى الشريف حيث تم أخذ نسيج الورم والأنسجة الطبيعية المجاورة من كل مريض. تم الحصول على البيانات الديموغرافية المتعلقة بالعمر العرقي والتاريخ العائلي باستخدام استبيان مصمم مسبقًا بعد أخذ الموافقة من الموضوعات قيد الدراسةوقد تم إجراء استخراج الحمض النووي من عينات الأنسجة باستخدام طريقة كلوريد جوانيدين. يتبعه تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل النوعي لأليل (PCR) لتضخيم تعدد الأشكال الجيني لجين عامل نمو بطانة الأوعية الدموية (VEGF(RS699947)) حيث تم استخدام Agarosegel الكهربائي لتحديد تعدد الأشكال الجيني(VEGF(rs699947) كما تم تحليل البيانات إحصائياً باستخدام برنامج SPSS (الإصدار 26) و EXCEL. النتيجة: انتشر سرطان الثدي بين الفئة العمرية (41-51) سنة (37.3٪). العرق الأفرو آسيوي كان الأكثر تضررا مع ارتفاع نسبة الإصابة في وسط السودان (67.٪). أكثر أنواع سرطان الثدي شيوعًا هو سرطان الأقنية الغازية ويمثل (87٪) من الحالات ، (53٪) في الطور الثالث والمرحلة الثانية (43٪). لم يكن هناك ارتباط معنوي بين عامل نمو بطانة الأوعية الدموية متعدد الإشكال الجيني (RS699947)وقابلية الإصابة بسرطان الثدي لدي السيدات السودانيات وإحصائياً كانت قيمة p مربع كآي هي 0.321. الخلاصة: تشير هذه الدراسة إلى عدم وجود علاقة معنوية بين عامل نمو بطانة الأوعية الدموية متعدد الإشكال الجيني (rs699947)وخطر الإصابة بسرطان الثدي.
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    Assessment of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk in Emergency Doctors Working 24 Hours Duties in Emergency Department of Tertiary Hospitals in Khartoum State December 2021- January 2022
    (Al-Neelain University, 2022) Wafa Hassan Abdelrahman Mohamed Ahmed
    ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Emergency doctors who work 24 hours duty face a high workload and stress that may have an impact on their Cardiovascular health. the aim of the present study is to look at the risk of developing CVD among those doctors by using two validated CVD Risk prediction systems (the QRISK3 calculator and the Ankle-brachial index. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of two months using a standardized questionnaire based on the QRISK3 calculator, and handheld Doppler in the measurement of the ankle and brachial systolic pressure for calculating Ankle- brachial index (ABI). Results: the study was conducted among 60 emergency doctors, 52% of them were female and 48% were male, mean age was (29 ±3.8). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) results showed that (15% ) of the participant doctors have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and (36.7%) of them are Borderline, (ABI) mean was (1.01 ± 0.9). The average relative risk (RR) of developing CVD in the next 10 years was 2.4 and was higher in males than females. Conclusion: there is an increased risk of developing CVD in emergency doctors who work for 24 hours duties than in the general population, according to their QRISK3 total score and Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement. Recommendations: we recommend more laboratory investigations and tests to help in understanding and having more information about the effect of the extended working shifts on the Cardiovascular system and general health of the Doctors in the whole area of our country. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; QRISK3 calculator, Ankle-brachial index (ABI).
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    Satisfaction of Pregnant Women with Antenatal Care Services at Omdurman Maternity and Bashair Hospitals, Khartoum state, 2022
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2022) Eilaf Ali Mohamed Elhassan
    Abstract Introduction: Satisfaction about health care services is used as an indicator to measure the quality of care 9-13; which reflect some factors related to compliance, effectiveness, and continuity of care. The utilization of ANC services by pregnant women is affected by the quality of care and hence their satisfaction with the services they receive at the health care facility 9. When the client becomes satisfied, she will be more adhering to the treatment advice she receives from the health care provider 9,14, continue using the care, and recommend the service to others 14,15. This study aimed to study the satisfaction of pregnant women with antenatal care services at Omdurman Maternity and Bashair Hospitals, Khartoum state, 2022. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 241 women at Omdurman maternity and Bashair hospitals. The respondents were selected using convenience sampling technique because it was difficult for the data collectors to obtain the participants from the follow up record and to have control over them. An interviewer- administered pretested structured questionnaire with closed ended questions was used. SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. The p- value was less than 0.05. Results: The study findings revealed that the overall level of pregnant women’s satisfaction with the quality of antenatal care services at Omdurman maternity and Bashair hospitals was high (82.6%). Pregnant women were least satisfied with lab services (89.2%), followed by waiting time (85.1%), and privacy in consultation rooms (77.6%). About three-quarters of respondents were satisfied with the cleanliness. Conclusion: This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of pregnant women with antenatal care services at Omdurman Maternity and Bashair Hospitals, Khartoum state, 2022. Based on quantitative analysis of factors which could affect the satisfaction of pregnant women with antenatal care, it can be concluded that the age, the occupation, and the educational level were significantly associated with satisfaction with ANC. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction of pregnant ladies with antenatal care at Omdurman maternity and Bashair hospitals in this study was high. The highest level of dissatisfaction was reported for lab services, followed by waiting time and privacy. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Keywords: satisfaction, pregnant women, antenatal care services, hospitals.
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    Academic achievement and perception of Medical students towards Flipped classroom model at Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, 2019
    (جامعة النيلين, 2021) Hanadi Abdelgadir Ahmed Sourg
    ABSTRACT Introduction: Over the past few years, there has been a parallel development in the use of the internet and technology for teaching purposes. The Flipped classroom model (FCM) used by the instructor aims at spending more time interacting with students rather than lecturing them. There are very few studies about the effectiveness of FCM on student performance and perception as compared to the traditional model in faculties of medicine. Objective: The aim was to study flipped classroom model academic achievement of Medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University. Method: In this case-control study, medical students at Al-Neelain University were randomly assigned into two flipped classrooms (Group A) as a test and a traditional group as control (Group B), with 30 students in each group. In the traditional group, students spent class time on the lecture while at home they were spent time on traditional homework. In the flipped group, students watched a short video lecture and lecture notes outside of class time while the class time for interacting and activates with the instructor. Major outcome indexes were pretest and posttest results used for student’s performance assessment and questionnaires used for student perception evaluation about the FCM. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS programs (version 20, Chicago, SPSS Inc. USA). Result: The pretest and posttest scores showed highly statistically differences within each group (A&B) with P<.000, when comparing pretest and posttest scores of the studied groups showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the pretest and post-test scores between them with P=0.912 and 0.100 respectively. More than 80% of participants were satisfied by using a flipped classroom. While more than 90% of students were more motivated to learn in flipped classrooms meeting learning targets when they used FCM. Conclusion: There was a positive students’ perception towards the FCM using, despite no significant effect of FCM on students’ academic achievement. Recommendation: Further research recommended investigating the relevant issues with a larger sample size and longer-time experiment in Sudan or other countries. Conflicting of interest: No conflicting of interest. Keywords: Flipped classroom model, Traditional model, medical education, Medical students, Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University. المستخلص الخلفية: لعدة سنوات قليله مضت، هناك تطور في استخدام الانترنت والتقنية لاسباب تعليمية. ويهدف استخدام نموذج الفصل المقلوب من قبل المعلمين للاستفاده من زمن المحاضرات في التفاعل داخل الفصل مع الطلاب بدلا عن القاء المحاضرات. هناك دراسات قليله عن تاثير نموذج الفصل المقلوب علي اداء الطلاب والقدرة علي الفهم مقارنه مع المحاضرة التقليدية في كليات الطب. الاهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة لدراسة الاداء الاكاديمي لطلاب كلية الطب جامعة النيلين باستخدام نموذج الفصل المقلوب. الطريقة: تقارن هذه الدراسة التجريبية استخدام نموذج الفصل المقلوب في طلاب كلية الطب بجامعة النيلين والمحاضرة التقليدية واثرها في الانجازات الاكاديمية للطلاب وقياس تلك الانجازات من خلال تقدير اختبار قبلي وبعدي. قسم الطلاب الي مجموعتين مجموعة المحاضرة التقليدية وتطبق عليهم محاضرة تقليدية في زمن المحاضرة ، بينما يقضي مجموعة الفصل المقلوب زمن المحاضرة في التفاعل بين الطلاب انفسهم والانشطة المتعددة مع المعلم. تم تقييم الاختبار القبلي والبعدي للطلاب لتقيم اداءهم واستخدام استبيان لتقدير قدرة فهم الطلاب لنموذج الفصل المقلوب. واخيرا تم اجراء التحليل الاحصائي. النتائج: اظهرت درجات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عالية في كل مجموعة، لكن عند مقارنة درجات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي بين مجموعتين الدراسة لم يكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية، كما ان هناك اكثر من 80 % من مجموعة الفصل المقلوب كانوا راضين عن استخدام الفصل المقلوب. الاستنتاجات: كان هناك تصور ايجابي للطلاب تجاه استخدام نموذج الفصل المقلوب ، علي الرغم من عدم وجود تاثير في التحصيل الدراسي للطلاب. التوصيات: نوصي باجراء ابحاث اخري في ذات الصياغ للبحث الحالي بعدد اكبر من المشاركين ولفترة زمنية اطول. الكلمات المفتاحية: نموذج الفصل المقلوب ، المحاضرة التقليدية، طلاب كلية الطب، جامعة النيلين، كلية الطب.
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    Impact of Social Media On Orthopaedic and Traumatology Academic Performance of Female Students at Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan, 2021
    (Al-Neelain University, 2022) Elsiddig Elhadi Elsiddig Mahmoud
    Abstract Introduction: Utilization of social media in medical education was found to be beneficial as it promotes students collaboration and enhance learning. However, this is an evolving arena which lacks comparative studies and requires additional investigations in order to understand the best ways of social media utilization in medical schools as well as to recognize the outcomes this usage. Objectives: The aim was to apply social media application-based discussion groups as a new method of using social media in medical education, to assess the effect of this on students’ examination grades and to determine students’ attitudes towards it. Research methods: This was case control faculty based study, 182 fourth-year Medical students taking the Orthopaedics and Traumatology course were divided into two groups. In the study group (78 students), social media-based discussion was adopted as a supplementary learning tool. No additional learning methods were used in the control group (104 students). The final grades of students from the two different groups were analysed using R version 1.1.456. together with the analysed data collected from an online questionnaire completed by students in the study group from the SmartSurvey website. Results: The mean final examination score in the study group was 71.5 compared to 70 in the control group (P=0.23). 89.87% of the students felt that social media-based discussion motivated them to learn and enhanced their learning, while 77.01% believed it is easier to ask questions on the forum than during rounds, clinics and lectures. The proportion of students who agreed that this method was a helpful feedback and revision tool was 83.55% and 91.65% respectively. Conclusions: WhatsApp and Telegram discussion groups represent a promising way to utilise social media in medical education as they promote students’ connection and learning. Social media applications could also be valuable feedback and revision tools. Nevertheless, no significant association between implementing this academic activity and better examination grades was found. Recommendations: Utilization of social media in Medical Education by creating an academic groups which contain students and tutors and to share academic resources with in these groups is highly recommended. Additional research is needed to evaluate the relationship between the use of social media and knowledge gaining. Conflicts of interests: Authors of this study have no conflicts of interests to declare. Keywords: Medical Education, Medical Students, Social Media, Learning Methods. الملخص المقدمة: ان استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في تعليم المهن الصحية يعزز تعاون الطلاب ويحفز الطلاب للتعلم. ومع ذلك ، فان هذا المجال ما زال يفتقر إلى الدراسات العلمية ويتطلب تحقيقات إضافية من أجل فهم أفضل الطرق لاستخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في كليات الطب وكذلك للتعرف على نتائج هذا الاستخدام. الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى اعتبار مجموعات المناقشة الاكاديمية القائمة على تطبيقات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي طريقة جديدة لاستخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في التعليم الطبي ، كما تهدف لتقييم تأثير ذلك على درجات امتحان الطلاب وتقييم اراء الطلاب تجاهها. طرق البحث : في هذه الدراسة التحليلية، تم تقسيم طلاب السنة الرابعة من كلية الطب الذين يدرسون تخصص جراحة العظام والذين عددهم 182 طالب إلى مجموعتين. في مجموعة الدراسة (78 طالبًا) ، تم اعتماد المناقشة القائمة على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي كأداة تعليمية تكميلية. لم يتم استخدام طرق تدريس إضافية في المجموعة الضابطة (104 طلاب). تم تحليل الدرجات النهائية للطلاب من المجموعتين المختلفتين ، بالإضافة الى عرض البيانات التي تم جمعها من استبيان عبر الإنترنت أكمله الطلاب في مجموعة الدراسة. النتائج: كان متوسط ​​درجة الامتحان النهائي في مجموعة الدراسة 71.5 مقابل 70 في المجموعة ال ضابطة (P = 0.23). شعر 89.87٪ من الطلاب أن المناقشات الاكاديمية على تطبيقات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي حفزتهم على التعلم، بينما اعتقد 77.01٪ أنه من الأسهل طرح الأسئلة في المجموعات على تطبيقات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي مقارنة بطرحها اثناء المرور السريري او اثناء العيادات المحولة والمحاضرات. كانت نسبة الطلاب الذين وافقوا على أن هذه الطريقة مفيدة للتعبير عن الآراء وكأداة للمراجعة 83.55٪ و 91.65٪ على التوالي. الخلاصة: تمثل مجموعات المناقشة الأكاديمية في تطبيقات WhatsApp و Telegram طريقة واعدة لاستخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في التعليم الطبي لأنها تعزز اتصال الطلاب وتعلمهم. يمكن أن تكون تطبيقات الوسائط الاجتماعية أيضًا وسيلة قيمة لإبداء الآراء وأداة جيدة للمراجعة. ومع ذلك ، لم تثبت علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين تنفيذ هذا النشاط الأكاديمي وتحسين درجات الامتحان. التوصيات: يوصى بشدة باستخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في التعليم الطبي من خلال إنشاء مجموعات أكاديمية تحتوي على الطلاب والمعلمين بالإضافة لمشاركة الموارد التعليمية داخل مجموعات تطبيقات التواصل الاجتماعي . هناك حاجة ماسة إلى دراسات إضافية لتقييم العلاقة بين استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي واكتساب المعرفة. تضارب المصالح: مؤلفو هذه الدراسة ليس لديهم تضارب في المصالح للإعلان عنه. الكلمات المفتاحية: التعليم الطبي, طلاب الطب, وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي, طرق التعلم.
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    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WAVE-LENGTHES OF LASER IN THE TREATMENT OF LOWER BACK MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN at the Neelain University, clinic of physiotherapy from June 2018 to June 2021
    (AlNEElAN UNVERSLTY, 2021) Eman Al-sheikh
    Abstract Background: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most frequent causes of chronic musculoskeletal pain, the pain is caused by myofascial trigger points (TPs) and their associated reflexes result in persistent musculoskeletal pain in lower back. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is used by some physiotherapists to treat various musculoskeletal condition. LLLT is a non-invasive light source treatment that generates a single wavelength of light. It emits no heat, sound, or vibration. LLLT is believed to affect the function of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts), accelerate connective tissue repair and act as an anti-inflammatory agent. Lasers with different wavelengths, varying from 630 to 905 nm, are used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study to investigate the effects of different laser wave-lengths (650 and 905) in the treatment of patients with lower back myofascial pain syndrome Material and methodology: This study was conducted on thirty patients with lower back myofascial pain syndrome 18 males and 12 females their age ranged from 24-55 years old divided randomly into three groups of equal number of patients, group (A) 10 patients received traditional physiotherapy, group (B) 10 patients received traditional physiotherapy and LLLT 650 nm, group (C) 10 patients received traditional physiotherapy and LLLT 950 nm In this study pain assessed by (VAS), Functional disability by Oswestery disability questionnaire, flexion ROM by modified schober test and statistical analysis by SPSS. Results The current study found that combination of LLLT (905 nm) with traditional physiotherapy (US, TENS, IR and therapeutic exercise), have better effect in short term at increasing the functional ability (p=0.005) and flexion range of motion of the back and has great effect at decreasing the pain degree(p=0.00) than traditional physiotherapy alone or traditional physiotherapy combined with LLLT (650 nm). I‫البحث‬ ‫مستخلص‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫واالهداف‬ ‫لخلفية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مزمن‬ ‫الم‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫اسفل‬ ‫الالم‬ ‫االسباب‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫احدى‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫السفل‬ ‫العضلية‬ ‫اللفافة‬ ‫الم‬ ‫متالزمة‬ ‫التحفيز)‬ ‫(نقاط‬ ‫للعضلة‬ ‫الحساسة‬ ‫النقاط‬ ‫في‬ ‫متمركز‬ ‫االلم‬ ‫ويكون‬ ‫الهيكلي‬ ‫العضلي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫تصيب‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫بالليزر‬ ‫والحركية‪,‬العالج‬ ‫العصبية‬ ‫الخاليا‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ‫االنسجة‬ ‫لتجديد‬ ‫الطبيعي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫في‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫الليزر‬ ‫ويحسن‬ ‫العظمية‬ ‫و‬ ‫العضلية‬ ‫المراض‬ ‫شتى‬ ‫لمعالجة‬ ‫الطبيعيين‬ ‫المعالجيين‬ ‫بواسطة‬ ‫م‬ ‫يستخد‬ ‫المخنفضة‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫االطوال‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫الليزر‬ ‫موجات‬ ‫لاللتهاب‪,‬‬ ‫كمضاد‬ ‫ويعمل‬ ‫الشفاء‬ ‫ويسرع‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫وظائف‬ ‫متر‬ ‫نانو‬ ‫‪905‬‬ ‫الى‬ ‫‪650‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتراوح‬ ‫الطبيعي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫نانو‬ ‫‪950‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪650‬‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫الدرجات‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫لليزر‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫طوال‬ ‫لال‬ ‫التاثير‬ ‫معرفة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫من‬ ‫الهدف‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫السفل‬ ‫العضلية‬ ‫اللفافة‬ ‫الم‬ ‫متالزمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫متر‬ ‫العضلية‬ ‫اللفافة‬ ‫الم‬ ‫من‬ ‫يشكون‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫الى‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتراوح‬ ‫اعمارهم‬ ‫انثى‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫االسبوع‬ ‫في‬ ‫جلسات‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫بمعدل‬ ‫جلسات‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫وتلقوا‬ ‫مجموعات‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫عشوائيا‬ ‫تقسيمهم‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫السفل‬ ‫وتمارين‬ ‫الصوتية‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫موجات‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحمراء‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫موجات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكون‬ ‫التقليدي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫تلقت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫االولى‬ ‫المجموعة‬ ‫التقليدي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫تلقت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫ج‬ ‫والمجموعة‬ ‫‪650‬‬ ‫الليزر‬ ‫الى‬ ‫باالضافة‬ ‫التقليدي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫تلقت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫والمجموعة‬ ‫‪905‬‬ ‫الليزر‬ ‫الى‬ ‫باالضافة‬ ‫الحركي‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫وقياس‬ ‫للظهر‬ ‫االعاقة‬ ‫استبيان‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫وظيفة‬ ‫وقياس‬ ‫المرئي‬ ‫االلم‬ ‫بمقياس‬ ‫االلم‬ ‫قياس‬ ‫تم‬ ‫احصائيا‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫وتم‬ ‫تست‬ ‫شوبر‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫لثني‬ ‫لنتيجة‪:‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫على‬ ‫ل‬ ‫افض‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫لديها‬ ‫التقليدي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫مع‬ ‫نانومتر‬ ‫‪905‬‬ ‫الموجي‬ ‫الطول‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫الليزر‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ان‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫وجدت‬ ‫احصائية‬ ‫(دالة‬ ‫االلم‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫نقصان‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫احصائية‬ ‫(دالة‬ ‫للجسم‬ ‫الوظيفية‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫في‬ ‫القريب‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫الظهر‬ ‫لثني‬ ‫الحركي‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ايجابي‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ان‬ ‫كما‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪
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    Third-year Students‘ Cognition and Satisfaction Towards Multiple Choice Questions in Al Neelain University, Sudan; 2018
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) Salwa Osman Mekki Fadlalla
    Abstract Introduction:Assessment is a critical component in medical education and selecting an assessment method for measuring students’ performance remains a difficult task for many medical institutions. The study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction among third-year students regarding MCQs in pathology exam, at the Faculty of Medicine-Al Neelain University. Methodology:This was a Quantitative Cross-Sectional study design done in the Faculty of Medicine Al Neelain University. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data using a 5 points Likert scale.The data was analyzed with SPSS version 20. A p.value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: A total of 108 students participated in the study: 36.1% medicine, 21.3% dentistry and 42.6% physiotherapy. One third (3l.5%)of students mentioned that they had some knowledge about MCQ,perceived that MCQs has structure, guidelines (33.7%)and gave suggestions for some changes in MCQs format and structure (34.7%). Medical and dental students were satisfied with MCQs as the most flexible assessment method. Medical and physiotherapy candidates believed that MCQs was a fair assessment method and they preferred SBA rather than T/F questions (42.5- 50%).Howerver;medical participants were not satisfied with time given for exam, dentals perceived that mcqs had no guidelines , while physiotherapy students believed that questions were not easy to understand or answer. Contradicting result was obtained, as some believed that MCQs could test only factual knowledge whereas others believed that it helped them to study in depth. There was no significant difference in knowledge and satisfaction cf students in the three faculties and within each group. Conclusion: All students had some general knowledge about MCQs, regarding their structure, guidelines. However students were dissatified with MCQs time given, having context, easy to understand and answer and testing higher cognitive skills. The researcher recommends more studies including all students to properly evaluate students‘ perception towards MCQs.
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Under Five Years Children's Health among Mothers, Al-Mukalla- Yemen- 2022
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2022) Maeesa Saeed Abdulkheer Al-Noban
    Abstract Introduction:00000 Improving the health of the child occupies a distinguished position in the importance of the childhood period as a basic stage and affecting the successive stages of life. In line with global recommendations, the childhood stage constitutes the basic building block and the opportunity to take measures to achieve the optimal growth of the child. The appropriate knowledge, behaviors and practices of mothers play a major role in establishing and maintaining good health habits that help in building a healthy child, which is reflected in the level of morbidity and mortality. Our aim in this study is to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers related to the health of children under the age of five and what are the factors associated with them. Methods: House to house community- based cross sectional study was conducted on urban and rural areas of AL Mukalla/ Hadhramout. Five hundred eighty-one mothers were enrolled in the study using the Random Walk Method. The knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers were evaluated by standardized administered questionnaire containing different types of questions regarding nutrition, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and vaccination. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the associations between the dependent and independent variables. Results: Out of 581 mothers, a higher proportion of them were of primary education (44.2%), married (96.2%), and not working (84%). In this study mothers knew about exclusive breast feeding and the importance of colostrum. The contaminated water/ food and incomplete immunization were the most common causes of diarrhoea (76.9% and 58% respectively). 93% of urban mothers recognized critical signs of dehydration, while 60.4% of rural mothers were not able to recognized it. Around 80% of urban mothers knew about the benefit of giving oral rehydration solution compared with rural mothers. The non-immunization rate in rural areas was 42.6% compared to urban area (37.6%). Good knowledge and positive attitude were comparatively higher among urban mothers regarding nutrition, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and immunization than rural mothers. However, the urban mothers had fair practice, while rural mothers had good practice about nutrition of children. In addition; the unsatisfactory practice about acute respiratory infection showed no great difference among both urban and rural mothers (80.7%, 77.3% respectively). Conclusions: The findings revealed that, despite having good or fair knowledge about under five children's health in both areas, a large percentage of mothers, particularly in rural areas, had a negative attitude and poor practice. In addition, occupation, education level, age, and level of understanding of mothers were factors that influenced child health. Furthermore, there were gender disparities in immunization and coverage disparities among different areas. Recommendation: Continuous collaboration between health care providers and policymakers is a great prerequisite for developing a system of accurate and efficient health education, with special attention to the population in remote or rural areas. It is also critical to continue to encourage mothers how deal with child, and to encourage community health providers to educate mothers during pregnancy and immediately after delivery. In addition, greater emphasis should be placed on better understanding mothers' behaviors and views on childhood immunization and gender disparity, particularly in rural areas.   مستخلص الدراسة المقدمة: يحتل النهوض بصحة الطفل مكانة متميزة بالأهمية التي تكتسيها فترة الطفولة كمرحلة أساسية ومؤثرة على مراحل الحياة المتعاقبة. تماشيا مع التوصيات العالمية فان مرحلة الطفولة تشكل اللبنة الاساسية والفرصة لاتخاذ الاجراءات لتحقيق النمو الأمثل للطفل. تلعب معارف وسلوكيات وممارسات الامهات الملائمة الدور الكبير في ترسيخ والحفاظ على العادات الصحية الجيدة التي تساعد في بناء الطفل بشكل صحي مما ينعكس على مستوى المراضة والوفيات. هدفت هذه الدراسة الى معرفة مستوى المعارف، والمواقف والممارسات عند الامهات المتعلقة بصحة الأطفال دون سن الخامسة وماهي العوامل المرتبطة بها. المنهجية: دراسة وصفية للقاعدة المجتمعية من منزل إلى منزل أجريت على المناطق الحضرية والريفية في المكلا / حضرموت. اشتركت خمسمائة وواحد وثمانون من الأمهات في هذه الدراسة باستخدام طريقة المشي العشوائي. تم تقييم معارف، سلوكيات وممارسات الأمهات من خلال استبيان منظم مطبوع مسبقًا يحتوي على أنواع مختلفة من الأسئلة المتعلقة بالتغذية وعدوى الجهاز التنفسي الحادة والإسهال والتطعيم. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام الإصدار 20 من SPSS. تم استخدام الانحدار اللوجستي ثنائي المتغير ومتعدد المتغيرات لتحليل الارتباط بين المتغيرات التابعة والمستقلة. النتائج: من أصل 581 أم، كانت الغالبية منهن حاصلات على تعليم ابتدائي (44.2%)، متزوجات (96.2%) ولا يعملن (84%). عرفت الأمهات في هذه الدراسة عن الرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية وأهمية اللبأ. فيما يتعلق بأمراض الإسهال، كان الماء / الطعام الملوث والتحصين غير الكامل أكثر أسباب الإسهال شيوعًا (76.9٪ و58٪ على التوالي). 93٪ من الأمهات في المناطق الحضرية لاحظن علامات الجفاف الحرجة، في حين أن 60.4٪ من الأمهات لم تتمكن من التعرف عليه. عرف حوالي 80٪ من الأمهات في المناطق الحضرية فائدة إعطاء محلول معالجة الجفاف عن طريق الفم مقارنة بالأمهات الريفيات. بلغ معدل عدم التطعيم في الريف 42.6٪ مقارنة بالحضر (37.6٪). كانت المعرفة الجيدة، السلوكيات الإيجابية عالية بين الأمهات في المناطق الحضرية فيما يتعلق بالتغذية وعدوى الجهاز التنفسي الحادة والإسهال والتحصين مقارنة بالأمهات الريفيات. ومع ذلك، فإن الأمهات في المناطق الحضرية لديهن ممارسة عادلة، في حين أن الأمهات الريفيات لديهن ممارسات جيدة بشأن تغذية الأطفال. أيضا؛ ظهرت الممارسة غير المرضية حول عدوى الجهاز التنفسي الحادة بين الأمهات في المناطق الحضرية والريفية (80.7٪، 77.3٪ على التوالي). الخلاصة: كشفت النتائج أنه على الرغم من وجود معرفة جيدة أو عادلة حول صحة الأطفال دون سن الخامسة في كلا المنطقتين، فإن نسبة كبيرة من الأمهات، لا سيما في المناطق الريفية، لديهن موقف سلبي وممارسات سيئة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كانت المهنة ومستوى التعليم والعمر ومستوى فهم الأمهات كلها عوامل أثرت على صحة الطفل. علاوة على ذلك، كانت هناك تفاوتات بين الجنسين في التمنيع والتفاوت في التغطية بين مختلف المناطق.
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    The Effects of Gum Arabic on Fertility in Obese Female Rats
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2022-01) Shahenaz Seifaldeen Musafa Satti
    ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity and its related health concems is increasing worldwide, evidence of etiological links between the obesity and reproductive problems such as infertility, ovulation dysfunction, preterm delivery, fetal growth disorders were reported , The mechanisms linking obesity to these pathologies are related to metabolic derangement and oxidative and nitrosative stress in the body Gum Arabic has proven a safe dietary fibre . The aim of this research is to study the potential effects of Gum Arabic on reproductive health problems associated with obesity induced by western diet. Materials and methods: Females Westar rats weight about 120 -130 gram, were divided randomly into two groups distinguished by dietary composition, Control group (n=l 0). were fed only standard rodent chew diet. Obese group n=20 were fed Cafeteria diet (varying menu of sausage, cheese, snacks, peanuts, chocolate, biscuits) for 8 weeks, By the end of week 8, 10 obese rats as indicated by 20 % Of initial weight randomly selected and received addition of 10% Gum Arabic dissolved in tap water (100 g/l). Food intake, weight gain, glucose tolerance test (GTT )and the insulin tolerance test (ITT) were recorded at two weeks interval . Then rats were transferred to a mating cage and cohabite with proven fertility male rats ( 1:1). Mating, fertility, fecundity index were calculated. The number of live pups and their body weights were recorded. In the firstl estrous phase after the intervening day, rats were anathatazied and dissected afterwards, ovaries were removed. One ovary was for antioxidant and nitric oxide measurements and the others was fixed in 10 % fonnaldehyde for 24 hours, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin for histopathological assessments. Results: Results showed Cafeteria fed-rats developed obesity when compared to control group mean (334.7 i 8.0) (138.2 i 1.5) (P < 0.05). The rats fed a cafeteria diet showed significant increase in food intake compared to those fed standard chow diet (p<0.05), Gum Arabic oral supplementation significantly lowered weight in week 12, weight had retumed to normal by week 17 also significantly reduces the quantity of food ingested by rats in the experimental group which aligns with weight reduction. Obese rats exhibited disturbed glucose and insulin tolerance test (GTT) (ITT) compared to controls (P <.00l). ln week 10 substantial improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were noticed (P = .001) . Regarding lipid profile, Triacylegleceride (TAG) and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the CAF-fed rats compared to the control group TGA mean (70.70i1.20) (lll.40:k2.50) p (.0001) while cholesterol (67. 50il. 19) (85. 5011. 36) p value (. 000l);CAF diet-induced obesity resulted in a considerable increase in LDL levels and significant reduction in HDL level . A substantial drop in LDL and a rise in HDL was seen in obese rat treated with Gum Arabic (p <0.05). The mating index was found to be 100% in all groups. The fertility index and fecundity index were lower in obese rats( p<0.05) and significantly increased in obese rats treated with GA. Number of live fetuses were declined by obesity (mean 12 1 0.97) in comparison to rats female fed standard diet (l5 11.45) (P< 0.05). Ovaria.n Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) concentrations raised in CAF diet group compared to control , Mean MDA (27. i 3.0) ( 50.4i5.3)( P =.001) and mean NO level (49.4=kl 1.0) (l SO.lil9.4)( p . 0001) for control and obese respectively ,While catalase level was decreased in ovarian tissues mean (1 .4i0.3)(l .01 0.2) (P<0.05) for control and obese group correspondingly. GA treatment significantly lowered ovarian MDA and NO and lead to increased catalase (p<0.0S) . There was a statistically significant difference in NO level in obese treated with a GA and a control group (p =. 002). Obese rats, on the other hand, had a remarkable cyst-like appearance of follicles, thickened follicular walls and decreased granulosa cell layers, fewer antral follicles, but more fluid, After four weeks of gum Arabic follicular walls were thinner and cystic changes were less visible. Conclusions: Gum Arabic oral administration improves the reproductive outcome that was disturbed by obesity induced by westem diet, this was through strong antioxidant effect on ovarian tissues which correlated to weight reduction and improvement in glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and lipid profile.
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    Molcular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamaese Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Clinical Isolates in Khartoum state
    (AL-Neelain University, 2020) Abdah Abdelmonim Adam Azrag
    Background: The emergence of extended-spectrum [3-lactamases (ESBLs)- producing bacteria, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, is now on a critical concem for the development of therapies against bacterial infections specially for healthcare associate infections caused by such Multi-Drug Resistance(MDR) and super bug G- ve bacterial pathogens. Aim of the study: Current study aimed to detemiine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamases producing genes in Klebsiella. pneumoniae isolates from Khartoum Hospitals. Materials and methods: This is hospitals-based descriptive cross sectionl study conducted in Khartoum, after it had been approved form AL neelain University, Sudan. Out of four hundred clinical swabs samples collected from different Khartoum hospitals, 56 identified clinical isolates of Kpneumoniae the antibiogram of these isolates assessed phenotyically against eight antimicrobials, as well as genotypicaly for the prevalence and distribution of three ESBL genes which were SHV, TEM and CTX using multiplex PCR assay. Results: Out of fifty six identified clinical isolates of K.Pneum0niae the phenotypic antibiogram was assessed, and the prevalence of ESBLs was found to be 75%. The percentage of genotypic distributions to all confirmed ESBL Klebsiella .pneum0niae were determined via Multiplex PCR assay for three ESBL genes which were TEM gene lOO%, 95% for SHV gene and 17% to CTX gene. Conclusion: This study concluded that the TEM gene has a highest prevalence in ESBL producing Kpneumoniae followed by CHV, and CTX. iv