كلية الزراعة

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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    Production performance of Damascus goats as affected by stage of lactation at first kidding under Sudan conditions
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2011-03) NADIA MAHMOUD AWADALLa
    Production performance of Damascus goats as affected by stage of lactation at first kidding under Sudan conditions Nadia Mahmoud Awad Alla Mahmoud M. Sc. Dairy Production Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate colostrum composition, milk yield and milk composition of Damascus goats raised under Sudan condition. Thirteen Damascus goats at their first parity were studied for 9 months (March — November 2009). The lactation period was divided into three stages viz: early (2“d - 9"‘ weeks), mid (l0‘h ~ 17m weeks) and late (18“‘ - 35"‘ weeks). Colostrum was collated and examined during the first three days. Milk yield and milk composition were collected and estimated on weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Other estimated traits were age of dams at first mating and kidding, body weight of the dams at first kidding, lactation length, kid's birth, body weight of kids at 2"‘! and 3’d months. The flock was maintained on a concentrate mix plus adlibital access to roughages of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), groundnut haulms and fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) variety Abu Sabeen. All milk constituents (protein, protein fractions, total solids and ash) were significantly (P< 0.05) high in the first day of colostrum, and then decreased sharply in the second day, with the exception of fat content which was more stable. The mean B-lactoglobulin content of colostrum was significantly (P<0.05) high in day l (2.0lmg/lO00g) then decrease sharply in day 2 (0.446 mg/l000g). Milk yield revealed significantly (P<0.05) higher level in the early lactation stage (1.34 L), then it decreased gradually until the end of lactation (0.96 L). The milk composition (total protein 3.59 %, casein 2.87 %, whey protein 0.72 %, — albumin 0.19 mg1000g, [3-lactoglobulin 0.27 mg/lOO0g, total solids 13.49 % and solids not fat 9.1 1 %) were higher during the early stage of lactation. Then were decreased (P>0.05) during the mid lactation stage (total protein 3.27 %, casein 2.60 %, whey protein 0.65 %, albumin 0.15 mg/l000g, [3-lactoglobulin 0.24 mg/1000g, total solids 12.25 % and solids not fat 8.40 %), and increased gradually during the late stage of lactation. The fat, lactose and ash content showed non significant differences during the different stages of lactation, whereas, all chemical constituents showed significantly (P<0.05) higher levels in the colostrum than in milk samples and showed reduction with progress of lactation. in conclusion, Damascus goats can be raised in Sudan with acceptable production, and the different stages of lactation affected their milk yield and milk composition. Hence, it is recommended that research is needed conceming different parities, nutritional needs and general heath under Sudan conditions. _ _
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    extending the shelf - life of meat by integrated methods of preservation and drying
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2011-05) howida elkheir ibrahim musa
    ABSTRACT This study was carried out to develop suitable methods for preservation of meat using traditional methods and some food additives. Shelf-life of dried meat was studied through chemical, physical and microbiological analysis. The meat was obtained from top round cuts bulls from commerical meats in Kafure area, khartoum North. The meat was treated using additives: spices (coriender), salt and edible oil. The meat was dehydrated by different methods: sun drying for 3 days, sun drying for 7 days, shade drying for 3 days and shade drying for 7 days. Meat slices were analysed chemically, physically and biologically during dehydration period. Afier drying slices were ground and stored at room temperature, and analysis were carried out immediately after drying for 7 days and then afier 3 and 6 months of storage and chemical, physical and microbiological analysis were carried out. The results indicated that meat dehydrated by sun had lower moisture content than that dehydrated by shade. On the other hand crude protein, fat, and ash were found to increase with period of drying in sun and shade. The study also showed that the edible oil was best choice than salt and spice for meat treatment. with regard to numbers and types of microorganisms. Increasing in storage period of dehydrated meat had a decreasing effect on moisture content, and appearant inreasing in crude protien, fat and ash, was observed. Total viable bacterial count of dehydrated meat decreased slightly during storage period but the count of colifomis bacteria and E.coIi in all dehydrated and treated meats decreased with increasing of storage time. Moulds were found to increase only in meat treated by spices during the storage, while yeasts were absent in all methods of dehydration.
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    Effect of different dryers system on Proximate Chemical Composition, and Sensory Evaluation of Dried Clarias sp Meat
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2010-04) Mohaned Ahmed Sidahmed Mohamed
    ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the quality and physical characteristics (chemical proximate and sensory analysis) of dried fish (Cat fish, Q} gg) flesh. Three drying methods were used in this study open air and solar tents (plastic sheet and the other from mosquito net). Before drying, the slices of fish flesh were soaked in 25% salt solution for l hour. The chemical composition results of moisture, protein, fat, and ash content of the samples were found 4.55-5.95%, 52.65-61.75%, 6.8-7.95%, and 8.1-8.85% respectively. The proximate analysis showed that there were no significantly different (P< 0.05) in moisture, dry matter and ash among the three samples, but the protein and fat contents were significantly different (P< 0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that there were no significant differences (P< 0.05) among the studied fish samples. The color values ofthe open air, plastic sheet and mosquito net samples were about 6.17, 6.67, and 6.67 respectively. Texture values recorded 6.33for mosquito net drying followed by 6.17 for plastic sheet tent drying and 5.58 for open air drying. Flavour values scored were start by 6.58 for plastic sheet, 5.58 for mosquito net and 5.42 for open air. Juiciness results were 4.33 for mosquito net, 4.25 for open air and 4.l7 for plastic sheet. There were no significant differences for sensory evaluation (P< 0.05). However, dried fish (Clczrias §_Q) using plastic sheet tent system in drying had achieved highest results among the studied fish. III
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    The Effect Of Vitamin C On The Growth Performances Of Tilapia
    (AL-Neelain University, 2018) Abd alhlim Abd alla Zakaria Abd alla
    This study was conducted to evaluate the effect ofvitamin C (Ascorbic Acid, AA) on growth and feeding parameters, carcass composition and survival rate of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). The experiment was conducted in the fish farm of faculty of Agricultural technology and fish sciences, Department of fish sciences, Al Neelian University, during (january to May 2017). Four semi purified diets supplemented with 0 (control treatment), 50, 100, and 150 vitamin C mg/kg/diat (treatment /\, B, C and D respectively) dry diet that were fed to tilapia fry (3.96g) in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, growth and feeding parameters, carcass composition and survival rate of fries were evaluated. The results indicated that there are increasing in the weight gain rate (11.70, 11.40, 11.50, and 12.80)g, respectively, for fish fed diets O, 50, 100, and 150 vitamin C mg/kg. There was no statistical difference in Feed conversation ratio (FCR), Wight gain (WG) and other performance (p20.05). It was observed significant difference in survival rate between the control treatment and the other treatments and there is other difference in carcass composition between the control treatment and other treatments (pZ0.05). The fish fed diets with out vitamin C it was observed some deficiency symptoms, scales erosion and caudal fin erosion. We recommend the dose of 150 mg kg-l of vitamin C to the dict 0| Nile tilztpia, which indicated high growth rutc (12.80g).
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    EFFECT of FEEDING TREATED BANANA WASTE on PERFORMANCE and CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS of SUDANSES DESERT SHEEP
    (Al-Neelain University, 2018) Limia Abd Ellatif Abd Elraheem
    ABSTRACT This study was conducted to study the effect of different level of treated banana waste as dietary fatting on performance and carcass of Sudanese desert sheep Hammari ecotype lamb. Three experimental diets were used. Diets A contained 0% treated banana waste diets B and C contained 5% and 10% banana waste treated level respectively. Twenty seven Sudanese lambs (desert sheep Hammari ecotype) were utilized in this study. The lambs were randomly divided into three experimental groups with an average initial weight of 21.06 kg. Following an adaptation period of two weeks, each lamb group was offered one of the experimental diets for a feeding period of 45 days, during which feedlot performance was monitored. Finally three experimental lambs from each group were selected randomly, slaughtered and carcass characteristics, meat chemical composition and meat quality attributes were recorded. Results revealed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in daily live weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and external body measurements . Dietary treated banana waste produced no significant (P<0.05) effect on carcass characteristics as well as hot dressing percentages. Yield of wholesale cuts was also not significantly (P<0.05) effected by the introduction of the treated banana waste levels. Generally all non carcass components weights were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by the level of the dietary treated banana waste except rumen full which was higher in group B which was raised on the lower level of the dietary banana treated. Meat moisture and Ash increased with increased level of the dietary treated banana waste but fat increased with decreased level of the dietary treated banana waste and protein content decreased with increased level of the tested feed. Meat quality attributes showed that increased water holding capacity with increased level of the dietary treated banana waste. pH decreased with the increased level of the dietary treated banana waste and cooking loss was raised , while measured rib eye area percentage increased with increased level of the dietary treated banana waste. الخلاصة هُدفت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة اثر مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في علائق التسمين على معدل النمو وإستهلاك الغذاء وكفاءة تحويله ونسبة التصافي ومكونات جسد الذبيحة وإنتاج القطع التجارية وايضا التحليل الكيميائي والفيزيائي للحوم الضان الصحراوى( الحمري) تضمن البحث تجربة أدخل فيها مخلفات الموز المعامل بنسب (0%،5% و10%) فى ثلاثه علائق تتساوى فى مقدار الطاقة والبروتين لتسمين سبعة وعشرين رأساً من حملان الضان الحمري. ومن نفس الوزن الأبتدائى.قسمت الحيوانات عشوائيا الي ثلاثة مجموعات ذات وزن ابتدائى متساوى21.06 كجم. تمت التغذية لمدة 45 يوم تم فيها رصد بيانات الآداء كالغذاء المستهلك و الوزن المكتسب و معدل التحويل الغذائى . كما تم أخذ قياسات الجسم الخارجية عند بداية و نهاية التجربة. أيضا فى ختام التجربة تم ذبح ثلاثة حملان من كل مجموعة و تم تسجيل بيانات الذبيحة. تم ذبح ثلاثة حملان من كل مجموعة و تم تسجيل مواصفات و مكونات الذبيحة و خصائص جودة اللحم. أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود أثراً معنوى (P>0.05) فى زيادة الوزن اليومى بين المعاملات الغذائية وأيضاً ليس هنالك أثر معنوى ((P>0.05 لاستهلاك العلف اليومى والكفاءة التحويلة للغذاء أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود اثر معنوي ((P>0.05 في قياسات اجزاء جسم الحيوان اظهرت هذه الدراسة عدم وجود اثر معنوي ((P>0.05 في نسبة التصافي للحوم الحملان كما لايوجد فرق احصائي في نسب وزن قطع اللحم التجارية بمختلف مستويات مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقة كما اظهرت الدراسة ايضا عدم وجود فرق معنوي في مكونات جسد الذبيحة بينما اظهرت نسبة المعده الممتلئة فرقا معنويا ((P>0.05 فى المجموعة التى كانت تتغذى على اعلى مستوى من مخلفات الموز المعامل. اما نتائج التحليل الكيميائي للحوم الحيوانات التي علفت بمستويات مختلفة من مخلفات الموز المعامل كانت كالاتي: زيادة نسبة الرطوبة والرماد بزيادة مستوي مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقة كما ان الدهون زادت بنقصان مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقه اما البروتين انخفض بزيادة مستوى الموز المعامل في العليقه. كما اظهرت الدراسة زيادة نسبة قابلية حمل الماء بزيادة مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقه ونسبة الفاقد من الماء اثناء الطبخ متساويه في جميع مستويات العليقه ويقل الاس الهيدروجيني بزيادة مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقه وزيادة قياس العضلة العينية بزيادة مستوى الموز المعامل في العليقة.
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    EFFECT of FEEDING TREATED BAGASSE on PERFORMANCE and CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS of SUDANESE DESERT SHEEP
    (Al-Neelain University, 2018-09) Lubna Hago Ibrahim Elzubier
    ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to detect the effect of different levels of treated bagasse on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Sudanese desert lambs. Treated bagasse was enriched with molasse and urea and calcium carbonate (Atron) and ensiled for one month. The treated baggase was chemically analyzed and according by three iso-caloric, iso-nitrogenous experimental diets were prepared. These diets contained different levels of treated bagasse (0%, 15% and 30%) respectively. Twenty seven Sudanese desert lambs (Hammari ecotype) with similar age ( less than one year ) and similar average initial weight of 21.3 kg were randomly divided into three experimental groups and used in feeding trials for 45 days following an adaptation period of two weeks. Each lamb group was offered one of the experimental diets. Feedlot performance data such as feed intake,weight gain and FCR. External body measurements were taken at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Finally three random by selected lambs from each group were slaughtered According to Islamic traditions, carcass and non carcass components Weighted and recorded. Results obtained showed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in feedlot performance, non carcass components and external body Measurements among the different treatment groups of Sudanese desert lambs fed different levels of treated bagasse Different levels of treated bagasse produced no significant (P<0.05) effect on carcass characteristics, dressing percentages, yield of wholesale cuts, and meat chemical composition. However meat moisture and ash content increased with increased level of the treated bagasse never the less but fat content was increased, Protein content was decreased with increased level of the treated bagasse. Meat physical properties showed that as the inclusion of treated bagasse Increased water holding capacity, cooking loss and measured rib eye area percentage increased. however meat PH was decreased with the increased level of treated bagasse . الخلاصة أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير البقاس المعامل باليوريا و العطرون و الطمر في علائق التسمين على معدل النمو وإستهلاك الغذاء وكفاءة تحويله ونسبة التصافي ومكونات جسد الذبيحة وإنتاج القطع التجارية وايضا التحليل الكيميائي والفيزيائي للحوم الحملان الصحراوية السودانية ( النوع الحمرى). استخدم سبعة و عشرون حمل من النوع الحمري بنفس العمر ( أقل من عام) ومن نفس الوزن الأبتدائى.قسمت الحيوانات عشوائيا الي ثلاثة مجموعات ذات وزن ابتدائى متساوى (21.3كجم). تمت معاملة البقاس بالمولاس و اليوريا و العطرون وتم الطمر لمدة شهر فى باطن الأرض . و بعد اخراجه من الأرض تم طحنه و تحليله و بناءا على هذا التحليل تم تكوين ثلاثة علائق متساوية الطاقة و البروتين و مختلفه فى محتواها من البقاس المعامل ( 0% ، 51% و 30%) . وزعت هذه العلائق على مجموعات الحملان الثلاثة . تمت التغذية لمدة 45 يوم تم فيها رصد بيانات الآداء كالغذاء المستهلك و الوزن المكتسب و معدل التحويل الغذائى . كما تم أخذ قياسات الجسم الخارجية عند بداية و نهاية التجربة. أيضا فى ختام التجربة تم ذبح ثلاثة حملان من كل مجموعة و تم تسجيل بيانات الذبيحة. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية فى الغذاء المستهلك و الوزن المكتسب و معدل التحويل الغذائى و قياسات الجسم الخارجية و بيانات المكونات الأخرى غير الذبيحة لمجموعات الحملان الثلاثة. ايضا أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية فى نسبة التصافي و وزن قطع اللحم التجارية و مكونات جسد الذبيحة بينما أظهرت نسبة الإمعاء الممتلئة فرقا معنويا ((P>0.05 فى المجموعة التى كانت تتغذى على أعلى مستوى من البقاس المعامل. اما نتائج التحليل الكيميائي للحيوانات التي علفت بمستويات مختلفة من البقاس المعامل كانت كالاتي: زيادة نسبة الرطوبة والبروتين والدهون وانخفاض نسبة الرماد بزيادة مستوي البقاس المعامل في العليقة. كما اظهرت الدراسة زيادة قابلية حمل الماء ونسبة الفاقد من الماء اثناء الطبخ والاس الهيدروجيني وإنخفاض مساحة العضلة العينية بزيادة مستوى البقاس المعامل في العليقة.
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    Some Biological Observations on Rearing of Oreochromis niloticus in cage culture system at Gezera Irrigation Canals and the White Nile, Sudan.
    (AL-Neelain University, 2013) Sana yagoub abdalla
    This study was carried out at two sites, namely Mabroka farm ponds in the Gezera irrigation canals (G.I.C), and Gebel Awlia reservoir of the White Nile (W.N). The study was conducted during the period January 2012 to March 2012, for rearing Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) of average size 20.6 grams. Fixed and floated cages were designed and used for determining the fish growth rates and production functions under (mixed sexes) system. The fingerlings were stocked at a density of 50 fingerlings /m’ and were fed with commercial diet containing 33% crude protein at a rate of 3% of their body weight per day for 120 days. The results indicate that there are significant effects (p<0.05) on the survival, growth, and food conversion ratio of these fingerlings between the White Nile waters and Gezera irrigation canal waters. Fish growth increased, was high at W.N and it is significantly different fiom that obtained at G.I.C (p <0.05) of values 45.4 and 40.2 grams respectively. Also there was significant effects (p<0.05) on food conversion rate (F CR) of values 2.7 and 3.7 in the same order as well as the difference in average body weight gained (23.6 and 20.8 g). Also the calculated feed cost for one kg body weight gain is of values 4.1 and 5.6 SDG. The economic efficiency is 562% and 526% for the two sites respectively. While the survival rate of fish in White Nile was 90% and in the Irrigation canal was 99.7%. The statistical analysis of water parameters indicates that no significant differences (p>0.05) in water temperature, transparency, and pH values, but a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in current speed between the two sites. In conclusion, the rearing of O. niloticus fingerlings as mixed sexes at White Nile has faster growth rate, higher production, and better feed efficiency than those grown in ponds with water coming from Gezera irrigation canal.
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    Determination of Lead Contamination of Guava Fruits collected from Khartoum State
    (Alneelain University, 2018) Wigdan Zein Al Abdeen Ebrahim
    The aim of the present study is to estimate and evaluate lead concentrations in guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) in Khartoum State. Fruit samples were collected in June 2017 from (Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman)covering the central markets and near traffic main stations and from 2 fruit orchards (Alkadaro and Algreif West)Eight samples with three replicates were digested and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that lead in guava fruits in all tested areas, was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the permissible limits set by FAO /WHO (0.3mg/kg).The mean values 0fPb content ranged between 0.76-1.9533 mykg. The difference in mean values between studied areas was not significant. Lead concentrations in Omdurman central market and near traffic station were lower than the concentrations of lead in samples from other studied areas.
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    أثر الصرف الصحى والصناعي لمصرف العزوزاب علي جودة مياه النيل الأبيض في ولاية الخرطوم
    (جامعة النيلين, 2018) زينب الامين الشريف التقي
    مستخلص البحث: اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من فبرير 2017م الى مارس 2018م لمعرفة أثر الصرف الصحى والصناعى لمصرف العزوزاب على جودة مياه النيل الابيض بولاية الخرطوم . تم اخذ العينات من اربعه مواقع: موقع (أ) يمثل المجري الرئيسي لمياه الصرف الصحي, (ب) جنوب المصرف , الموقعان(ج و د )شمال المصرف على بعد( 100و 200) مترعلي التوالي. تم قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائيه:(المواد الذائبه العالقةالكليه(TDS) - الموصلية الكهربية( E.C) - اللونColor)) - العمق Depth)) - درجة الحرارة(Temperature) - العكورة Turbidity)) - التيار Current)) – المواد الصلبة العالقة الكلية((TSS)،الخصائص الكيميائيه:النترات(NO3) النتريت((NO2 الأس الهيدروجيني(PH)الأمونيا((NH3- الأوكسجين الكيميائي الممتص((COD الأوكسجين الحيوي الممتص(BOD)الأوكسجين المذاب(((DO, والخصائص البيولوجيه:البكتريا الكلية و مجموعة البكتريا المعويه _ (Total bacteria and coliform group). خلصت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي للمنطقة (أ) لوجود فرق معنوي بدرجة (p ≤ 0.05) لمعظم الخصائص عند مقارنتها مع باقي المناطق عدا المواد الصلبة العالقة الكلية مع المنطقة (ب). سجلت المنطقة (أ) أعلى متوسطات للخصائص الأتيه: المواد الصلبة العالقة الكلية)mg / L 88.62), المواد الذائبه العالقة الكليه 763.125)mg/L),الموصلية الكهربيةcm /ᶣ(134250), اللون 3.62)),الأوكسجين الحيوي الممتص108.5) mg /L), الأوكسجين الكيميائي الممتص,(358) mg/ L الأمونيا 45.82)mg/ L), أما بالنسبة للأكسجين المذاب فقد سجل المصرف المنطقة ( أ) أدنى قيمة 2.69 )mg/L) وذلك نسبة لزيادة الأكسجين الحيوي و الكيميائي ونقصان نسبة الأكسجين المذاب و يعزى ذلك لتأثير الملوثات التي توجد بالمصرف من مواد عضوية و غير عضوية. كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة عدم وجود فروقات معنوية في قياسات النترات و النتريت للمواقع الأربعة المذكورة سابقاً. العد الكلي للبكتيريا بمتوسط26.65*103) (CFU) ), مجموعة الكلوفورم البكتيرية بمتوسط20.165*103)(CFU)) أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود فروقات معنوية لمعظم القياسات بين المناطق . كما خلصت الدراسة الى أن مياه الصرف الملوثه قد اثرت على مياه النيل الأبيض بانحفاض و ارتفاع قيم بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية و الكيميائية و الحيوية, إنخفضت قيم الأوكسجين المذاب, بينما إرتفعت قيم المواد العالقة الذائبة, الموصلية الكهربية, الاوكسجين الحيوي, الأوكسجين الكيميائي, الامونيا و العد البكتيري. كما أوضحت الدراسة عدم تأثر درجة الحرارة, الأس الهيدروجيني و الشفافية بمياه الصرف الملوثه. Abstract This study was carried inthe period February 2017 to March 2018) to determine the impact of sewage and industrial of Aluzozab drainageon the White Nile water quality at Khartoum state.Samples were collected from four locations: (A) It isthe main stream of sewage, (B) South of drainage, (C and D )North of drainage ata distance 100m and200m respectively. Some Physicalcharacteristic were measured (Total suspended solids ( T.S.S), Total dissolved suspended( T.D. S ) Turbidity, Temperature, Depth, Color, Current andElectrical Conductivity (E.C.), Chemical characteristic:Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrite (NO2), Ammonia (NH3), PH and Nitrate (NO3) and Biological characteristic: (Total bacteria and coliformgroup). The statistical analysis results indicated that there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 (at location (A) for most characteristics as compared with other sites except )TSS (in site (B). location (A) recorded the highest means for these characteristics: the means were: TSS (88.62)mg/l, TDS (763.125) mg/l, EC(134250)/ᶣcm, Color ( 3.62), BOD (108.5)mg/L, COD ( 358) (mg/l), NH3(45.82) mg/l, The dissolved oxygen concentration recorded the lowest value in site (A) (2.69) mg/l, that is may be due to the excess of (BOD and COD ) and decrease in (DO) contributed to existence of pollutants in the location from organic and inorganic materials. The study showed that there isnon-significant differencesin )NO2 and NO3( at the (4) locations. The highest mean of total viable account was (26.62*103)(CFU) and of Coliform group was (20.165*103)(CFU). The study showed that there is a non-significant difference for most characteristics measured in different sites. The study indicated that the White Nile water was seriously affected by the sewage water effluent,by theincreases and the decreases values of some physical, chemical and biologicalcharacteristics. Thedegreases values were the dissolved oxygen concentration. The increases values were total dissolved solid, Electrical Conductivity, biological oxygen and chemical oxygen, Ammonia and total count Bacteria. The study also explained that the temperature, PH and transparency were not affected by the sewage water.
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    CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) YlELD- WATER PRODUCTION FUNCTION AND WATERUSE EFFICIENCY USING DRIP IRRIGATION
    (Alneelain University, 2012) Mohamed Ahmed Gare|nabi Ahmed
    This experiment was conducted at the farm Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Al Neelain University Jebel Aulia 40 km south of Khartoum during the winter season of 2010 and 2011. The objective of this study was to determine water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency of cucumber plant under the drip irrigation system in the open fields. ' Measurements of plant for growth component crop yield, physical soil properties have been studied. The parameters include moisture content, bulk density, infiltration rate mm/hr, field capacity and permanent wilting point. Plant height (cm), leaf number, leaf area_(,cm2), dry weight/fresh ‘weight % plant, .'dry weight/fresh weight for the-root, dry weight/fresh weight for the fruit, root length (cm) , early yield (kg/m2) , total yield (kg/ha), water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency. The results showed, that there was a significant difference at (P 5 0.05) in all yield and yield components. T4 treatment gave highest yield, plant height, leaves nmnber, leaves area (cmz) and dry Weight/fiesh weight % for plant, root and fruit, early yield kg/m2 and total yield kg/ha. Whereas, T6 treatment gave the lowest leaf number, leaf area, dry weight/fiesh weight % plant, root and fruit, length root, also T; treatment recorded highest root length and lowest plant height, early yield (kg/m2) and total yield kg/ha. The results showed that there was a significant difference at (P 5 0.05) in all treatments water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency. Tltreatment gave the highest water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency. Whereas, T6 treatment gave the lowest water use efficiency and irrigation efficiency. Relation between irrigation water and production following equations Y= -0.019 W2 + 29.01W + 1768 with r2= 0.9 season 2010 Y= -0.019 W2+29.0lW+5l8.3 with r2= 0.9 season 2011 Relation between evapo-transpiration and production following equations Y= 26.89 ET + 322.1 with r2= 0.998 season 2010 Y= 21.87 ET + 332.6 with r2= 0.997 season 20