كلية التجارة
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Item تقويم أداء وفعالية القطاع غير الرسمى في السودان(1999) ليلى محمد صالح حسنABSTRACT ' The informal sector. today. represents a large economical and social phenomenon that imposed itself through its density. incessant movement and constant progress day by day. This phenomenon became very outstanding characteristic distinguishing all the Sudanese in quick progression to the limit that it became very outstanding characteristic in the opinion of every of the city inhabitants because of its economic. commercial and population size. This informal sector. as well. represented the aim for many ofthe migrants who wottld come to the cities in search of livelihood and away from the poverty. drought and the severe social economical an secttrity conditions ol the rural life. The constant movement of those migrants (displaced or urbanites) to\vard the cities without capitals nor technical crafts became. by the time. a deep-rooted reality whether \ve like it or not. This sector gave off its special and threatening be haviour that is opposite to all of the cultural. social and commercial traditions and conduct. All of the legislations. the control authorities. the familiar prevailing cultural. social and civilizational behaviour could not stop nor discipline that counter behaviour. As there is tangible lack of study in this field. and thus it is completely ignored: \vhat is this sector? What is its size‘? ls it a contemporary phenomenon? Is it studyable or conrolable‘? ls it capable of being set in the social. economical familiar frames '.' So the researcher wanted to fill the gap and pave the way for those who will come after so that they can find no obstacles to formttlate the bases and frames appropriate to" this sector concerning the comprehensive social and economic aspects. As the library is almost free from any serious writing or detailed statistics. about the activities practiced by such sector, the researcher depended upon the initial data got by observation. the enumeration of the members of this sector. comprehensive questionnaire as well as interviews with the official authorities related with such sector. Results of the Studv : The informal sector is a large sector \vith large numbers of members. lt is accessible and flexible and is capable of various activities. * This sector receives the displaced from the different states. as \vell as the uneducated and the redundancy of workers and it represents an additional work or alternati\'e for the workers in both public and private sectors. lt is earning and lucrative. lt depends on the individuals’ respective abilities. lt is usually fottnd at gathering places (markets. transport stations. etc.l. promotion and marketing. This sector represents a source of revenues for the localities through the prescribed fees ofprovisional licences and the health fees and the like. This informal sector is creative and itnpelled to invention and innovation. Recommendations of tlte Study : Establishing a organi‘/.ation where all bodies related to this sector should be represented (planners. policies setters and executors and otherwise). so as to collect the necessary data and set the concepts. policies. plans and programmes that might make this sector active. This corporation which will represent the official authority of the sector will be concerned about the following: To make the organization or the legal fratnework for the sector so that it tnay be legally recognized and set in the general commercial and economic circle. Competitions and self-reliance resulted in various active means of To collect the required data and the basic information about the size of this sector. the quality of its activities. the fanatical ability. and the quality o the workers and their classification according to their qualifications. age and the places frotn where they emigrated. To organi’/.e and arrange the activities as \vcll as to nominate them. To help the sector attd produce particle means to finance it. train its members. market its products and promote the system of its production and scr\'ices. To make use of the experiences of the other states. corporation and international organi'/.ations in this respect. To make the sector active in drawing the general policies and to enable it to play a role appropriate to its situation and circumstances. interact with them and play its role toward the society economy quite confidently. To litnit and restrict the passive impacts of this sector due to non-discipline and the feeling of illegality.Item التشريعات المالية والإدارية ودورها في تفعيل الاداء بديوان الزكاة بالاشارة الى ولايتى الخرطوم والقضارف في الفترة من (1996 - 2004م)(2005) الهادي بابكر يوسف الطاهرAbstract- This research deals with the chamber of “Zakat” performance during eight years covering all its adtninistrative activities in the lields of collection and outlets of (Zakat). The research is composed of four chapters. introduction. and conclusion. Tlte introudction tackled the general framework of the plan and the methodology of the research. The first chapter deals with the Theoretical framework of the research. The conception and definition of administration,legslations and "Zakat". their functions. activities and principles. The second chapter tackles the practical experience of “7.ztkat" throughout history and Reigns. starting from the beginning of lslam (thc Prophet Reign), the Umia, and the Abaside Reigns. Also this chapter deals with Zakat application in the Mahadia, theMay and Ingaz Reigns (modren Sudan). The third chapter describes and analysis the administrative legislations; \vich rules and organizing thc activities of Zakat starting \\ith Zakat fund law of 1980, 1984, 1986 ,l990, 2001,1993,the researcher baid special attention to Zakat laws of (l990.200l) by exposing its importance in the fields of collection, the outlets and the administration. and also making comparisons between these issuse of laws. by determining the sitnilarities and differences. The fourth chapter deals with the field-study in which the rcscarclt examinesthe suitability of the legislations to the Zakat activities, by applying methods of data collection such as questionnaires, interviews and other means. And then the analysis of the data collected. That is why this chapter is the core of the research. ' : _ Lastly the conclusion includes the assurance of the validity of the hypotheses based on the outcome of thc analysis of the data. collcctcd. This chapter also include the future look and proposals that may help in improving the performance of the Zakat chamber.Item إدارة الأزمات بولاية كسلا دراسة تطبيقية لمدينة كسلا الفترة 1996 - 2006م(2008) كمال عبداللطيف دراجThe abstract The study aimed at identifying if there is a system in Kassala State to manage crises. The problem of the study was that the phenomenon of crises in Kassala State is a usual matter, but to frequent without there being sustainable systems to work out and combat crises is what is unusual. The study aimed at identifying the real reasons for these crises that occur semi-regularly in Kassala State in addition, it aimed at finding out the existence of early alert systems, and the role of civil organizations and the leaders of local communities on facing crises in the state. The researcher applied on his study the historic method conceming the topics of the study in its historical flame, and the descriptive approach for the phenomena. The most important findings of the study: There is not specific unit dealing with crises in the state. In addition, there is not any care concerning the prediction of crises occurrence, which means no early alert systems. Moreover, the state lacks specialized cadre, who is well trained in dealing with crises. The positive points are that the civil organizations and the leaders of local communities have major role on supporting the activities of crises facing. The study canle out with number of recommendations here are some of them: the need of establishing specialized system to deal with crises, making planning part of or completing the strategic planning in the state, caring of administrative training to develop the administrative and behavioral skills to manage crises, and to learn from the previous ones. Finally, the researcher presented a proposal of a system to manage crises, which can be applied as special system to deal with crises that will face the state in the future.Item تقييم اداء العاملين في القطاع العام دراسة حالة السودان(2001) حمد عبدالرحمن حمد البيليAbstract Objectives : 1/ To identify the ways, methods and the means of evaluating the Public Sector Performance, problems and obstacles in the Su- dan in particular as well As in arab courtries and the countries technologically developed in general. 2/ To conclude some results reflecting the actual state of the study covering the views and the trends of the Siniors and juniors at the various sectors in the Sudan. 3/ Endeavour to reform the evaluation system of the labor Per- fonnance in the Public sector and the civil service sectors such as the ministries, service and Productive institutions, the Schools and the Universities. the speciality of the posts in evaluation as the speciality of every other activity should be considered. 4/ The thesis adopts the descriptive analytic method as well as the historical and comparative method. the field study concentrat- ed on the civil service in Sudan considering all of its sectors and activities within two forms, one of which was devoted to the su- pervisional posts and the other to non - supervisional ones. Hypotheses : 1/ Most of the seniors lack the sources where they get their in- formation while evaluating the Performance of their juniors. S 2/ Direct seniors did not receive sufficient training on evaluat- ing the performance. 3/ There is no clear differentiation between the productive in- stitutions, the service and govermnental ones when evaluating the performance. 4/ The recent evaluation system in Sudan is not quite effective _ not significant because it lacks much. 5/ Some certain posts are not subject to the evaluation process currently applied to evaluate the occupational performance. 6/ There should be clear concentration on the actual perfor- mance elements, while evaluating, other than those relating to personal characteristics and relations with others. 7/ The current evaluation system lacks spiritual and material incentives and rewards for those who achieve distinguished per- formance. 8/ Many of the seniors believe that the evaluation of the per- formance is of no use but is inevitable duty.. 9/ The seniors in the higher departments of the governmental bodies do not offer much concern to the follow - up of the results of their evaluation. 10/ Those seniors, also, do not use the information collected through the reports on performance perfectly. 11/ Those occupying the higher leading posts do not submit their basic achievements during the evaluation period to their di- rect chief so as to evaluate them as stipulated by the public ser- vice regulation, 1995. 12/ The directors of the governmental units do not set up gov- emmental committees to revise the reports on the performance of the staff occupying minor posts and they do not empower such committees to amend the reports according to the provisions of the public service regulation, 1995 . 13/ Most of the juniors do not know the results of their perfor- mance and they, consequently, do not know the negative and pos- itive points in their perfonnance. 14/ Seniors do not discussthe results of the evaluation with their juniors. 15/ The result of the evaluation of the performance is consid- ered only for the annual allawances and promotion. 16/ The current evaluation system of the occupational perfor- mance did not realise the required objectives. The results of the study came to be consistent with the said hypotheses. many of recormnendations were set so that they may constitute abase for an integrated system to evaluate the per- formance in the public sector. I The thesis is made in eight chapters : The first is for the introduction as well as for the description of the study sample the data collection and the plan of the thesis.The second and the third chapters are devoted for the theoretical background of the thesis.The fourth chapter is on the evaluation of the performance in the Sudan.The fifth and the sixth and the seventh are about the field study, the eighth tackles the identification of the hypotheses and display the results and the recommendations.Item سلطات وصلاحيات واختصاصات وتمويل البلديات في المملكة العربية السعودية في الفترة 1977- 2005م(2006) سالم بن علي محمد آل منيفA BSRAQT The Problem of the study is represented on that it was noticed that the authorities given to municipality directors do not conform their duties and responsibilities , there is interference of competences of municipalities and other government bodies which resulted in conflicts that adversely affected the services rendered by such bodies , municipalities are the insufficient financed allocation , and municipality directors are not given sufficient financial authorities to undertake the duties required from them . The Objective of the research is to study the present situation of municipalities in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and identify their administrative authorities and jurisdictions and how far it conform with their duties and responsibilities , the competences of municipalities and whether it intervene with these of other government bodies , adequacy of staffing and specialized training programs , reviewing permanent and temporary financing gap which showed reliance on the aid from central government , and to recommend solutions regardmg development of local financial resources andjurisdictions and authorities given to municipalities . The sample comprised all the research population , I40 officials working in municipalities at Asir t The research tool is the questionnaire . Upon assuring its soundness , 140 questionnaire were circulated among Asir municipalities , ll8questionnairs were recovered , and two unsound questionnaires were cancelled . so the number of questionnaires became ll6 questionnaires which represent 82% of the research sample . The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS program. The numbers ofthe sample stressed on some duties which should be undertaken by municipalities . that some of municipalities authorities conform with their duties and responsibilities and some their competences enables them to face obstacles . lt was revealed that municipalities do not have independence in performing its work , as the sample members gave priority to interference of competences and non-suitability of municipalities organization structure their municipalities is in need for sufficient number of specialists professionals , and competent personnel cab able of planning and co- ordination among municipalities , and is in need for continuous specialized training programs . The sample members confirmed that the budget third chapter is the most important and municipalities rely on it for performing their duties , but it after involve deficit , and that the aid from the central government have to cover the municipality commitments in order alleviate the burden of local tax. In accordance with the results , the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions for developing municipalities financial resources , and the importance of giving them sufficient financial authorities to dispose their financing needs , rationalize local expenses , raise performance efficiency , encouraging citizens to participate in financing some projects , value and praise doners properly to stimulate others. and to use new financial resources.Item الاستراتيجية النفطية للسودان2004 الى 2028(2006) عمر الخير العوضAbstract _ This research deals with the quarter century strategy of the Sudan Oil during the period (2004 — 2028) due to analytical study framework. The research aims at studying the main ii_1-formation about oil in general, and particularly about Sudan oil. The research also aims at studying the U.S.A. interests in the Sudan oil in the future. The essential objective of the research is to study and analyze oil strategy for Sudan. The research focuses on commonness (generality), difficult measurement of some strategic objectives, regardless of some aspects strategic fonnation elements, and the absence of some modern methods of the oil industry accompanying the operations. Historical, descriptive, analytic and inductive methods are used in this research. This research concludes by recommendations and results related to the research hypotheses proved during the analysis, in addition to the results related to the success and failure associated the implementation of some objectives presented by the oil strategy of Sudan, and many results related to the interviews done by the researcher. ' The significant recommcndations is about promotion employee's performance in the lield in addition to the proposals about the developing of the oil industry in the Sudan, and treatment ol' the short comings mentioned in the researeli anal_vsis and results.Item جدوى برامج التدريب والتنمية الإدارية فى القطاع الحكومى في دولة البحرين للفترة من 2000/1998(2001) كمال حسن محمد صديقTHE Elleetiveness Of training l’rogr and l\/lanagement Develop1nel1t 111 l’ublle sector ill -aill Abstract of tlle study ‘ Many countries bet on training and management development as an entrance to management improvement and to raise performance standards to achieve the aspirations of the development process. The researcher believes in the importance of training programs and management development, and the effective impact and the big role that it has on upgrading and improving performance. Therefore, the researcher carried out this study because of the increasing strategic importance and the essential role expected fiom management improvement in - a world that is quickly moving towards improving performance by all means, especially, because the bargain on management development and its role in achieving the objective of increasing performance standards, is still rising. The research aimed to highlight the different aspects of investing in management development activities and the usefulness of training programs in order to achieve this type of management literature. He also chooses the Bahrain management environment for his study because of its obvious concern with management development. Moreover, the researcher followedithe experimental approach in his study and applied the statistical analysis on the study’s hypothesis. He also depended on field research in order to collect information fiom the sample, and choose an intended sample that represent a six graduated from the training programs for management, which carrying out by the civil service Court, through referendum, and used the Statistical techniques that will enable him to achieve his hypothesis. ' And after the effort that he put to collecting and Categorizing the collected data, he divided the study in to three Categories: - the first Category: dealing with the theoretical study farm - Second Category: dealing with the evaluation for training programs. - Third Category: dealing with the field study. The study reached a number of results, most important of which- are: l — The training programs successful are depending on two» factors, the extent of direct programs coo relations with trainer’s- employment, and the conformity of the employee’s employment nature currently, and futurism, with the training programs contents. 2- the study showed the poomess of the trainer capabilities,.and the needs to the care that professorate. 3 — the usefulness of the programs basically depend on the good peg rams preparation by binding with the active needs and follows un traditional style to offering and presenting the training subject. 4 — there are no different between females and males in the view of the successful for the training programs and management, development, and the study finding that there is a relation between the qualifications and years of experience and vocation level and age. 5 - there was a positive bearing etfect of the developments, for the trainers jobs and especially at the paragraph of the personal relations, there is a clear role in the field of Government work, and this relations a big role for whom have a contact with this position and service. 6 — The most of the trainers and managers agreed the importance of establishing a managementfdeveloping center in Bahrain. The study included a systematic suggestion to establish Bahrain Institute for management Development, which performs the training process and the management development in the public sector in the state of Bahrain in order to break-up the intervention between the management development organization in the public sector in the state, and to unite management training‘ into one direction which is the Bahrain Institute for management development. The study came out with many recommendations some of which are: - It is important to be concemed with the type of the parties that will perfonn the programs and to ensure the ways of presenting the training materials and relating it, as possible as it can be, to the application situations in the trainee’s work environment. - It is very irnportantto be concerned with the preparation of a systematic environment that will contribute in giving the trainee the chance to apply what he studied and the knowledge and skills that he gained. Then directing him to know his abilities and the degree of change, if any, in his performance afier attending those programs. - The importance of being concerned with the good selection of managerial leaderships, because of its essential role in achieving or not achieving the investment in the management development and improvement process. - Establishing a management development center in the state Of Bahrain, which has the most advanced systems, followed in the world and giving it all the support to operate in order to enrich the managerial work in the state. - - More studies and field researches comparative to other GCC countries in all managerial aspects, should be carried out because the area represent one regional framework for the studyItem إدارة التغيير والتحديات العصرية للمدير رؤية معاصرة لمدير القرن الحادى والعشرين : دراسة تطبيقية علي الخطوط الجوية السعودية(2004) محمد بن يوسف النمران العطياتABSTRACT The researcher became interested in the subject of Change Management and its Challenges for Managres , primarily due to the lack of sufficient resources dealing with the subject matter. Secondly,the subject organizational change and its challenges , has become a leading topic in many organizations wishing to achieve a higher degree of effectiveness in their productivity. Because of this, the researcher has chosen as a title for this thesis . “Managing Change and its modern challengs for the manager”The researcher hopes the results of this study will be an asset and resource for addressing this topic in organizations in the Islamic and Arab world.The researcher validates the concepts of change management by studying the case of the prominent organization in the Arab world:Saudi Arabian Airlines. The study reached many results and conclusions from which recommendations could be presented.These conclusions refer the importance of understanding change management and its challengs for managers and higher level executives as a contemporary managerial style, and the necessity of participation of all staff levels in the change process from the very beginning of implementation. The researcher also presented some recommendations for effective change management, which confirm the importance of this subject. These recommendations deal with matters of management awareness and support from the executive level of the organizations in order to help inforcing change objectives and -face its challnges in a speedy and effective manner.Item فعالية اداء ديوان شئون الخدمه في تنظيم القوي العامله في السودان في الفتره 1989-2002م(جامعة النيلين, 2003) المرضي محمد يسAbstract This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the Civil Services Department in organizing the labor forces in Sudan in the period m4—r' -71 The study investigates the main problems that cause the imbalance of sharing and distributing the labor force between federal and state levels of the federal system in the Sudan. The management performance and balanced development in the provinces and the local councils. The main problem of the study is focused on answering the main question: Is there a necessity to restructure the department to face the problem of the declining professional administrative cadres and raise human abilities by improving work methods at both federal and state levels? Thus the study set the following hypothesis to test the validity of the research problem. There is a necessity for the civil service department to describe, organize and evaluate the job in the provinces and local councils. The organizational relationship between the central civil service department and the local civil service departments in the provinces is incomplete and not in harmony and this has lead to the decline in performance. The incentives and the excellent terms of service in the public corporations has positive ejfects on the performance of public civil service stajf _ The independence of the civil department with its separate legal entity leads to better performance and eyfectiveness. i The results of testing and findings of the study are as follows: It is necessary that the civil service department takes full responsibility of organizing all posts in the state and the local councils. It is necessary that the civil service department gives the technical advice on the policies of public recruitment, employment and wages. It is very important that the civil service department be autonomous, independent, and has its own legal entity. The study provides a number of important recommendations which include: _ J. To give more attention to the civil service department as a federal unit which is independent from the public job. I’. It is important to organize and plan the human resources on all levels, federal, state, and local councils. ‘ rt It is important to allocate more powers to the civil service department so as to carry out its functions effectively through all levels of three federal system.Item اثر الضوابط السلوكيه علي فعالية اداء موظفي الخدمه المدنيه في الاردن : قطاع الموارد البشريه 2002-2007(جامعة النيلين, 2008) احمد محمد امين احمد الخوالدةABSTRACT The research deliberated the topic of the impact of behavioural control, on the efficiency of performance of the Civil Service employees, in Jordan/Case Study: The Human Resources Sector, (during the period 2002-2007). The study discussed the main issue of the weakness of caring and interest of the Civil Service institutions and ministries, in Jordan, in the organization behaviour, which left a negative impact on the psychology of the officials. The result was the deterioration of the standard performance. The research aimed at the achievement of a group of objectives, to assist the Civil Service leadership, in understanding the behaviour oi" officials and interact with them, for developing and orienting their behaviour, in a way which leads to the achievement of the objectives ol the government circles. This may take the form of promoting the level ol performance. A fuither objective is to know the extent of the effect of the behavioural controls on the efficacy of performance. To achieve these objectives, the researcher designed a questionnaire which was distributed to a sample of (760) subjects, who were working in (12) government circles. (695) of these questionnaires were retrieved (i.e. with a ratio of 91%) of the sample. Of these. (660) answered questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis (i.e. £1 ratio of (87%). The tools of analysis included the Alpha Cronbach test, the One Way Analysis‘of Variance test ((ANOVA), the T~test for independence and Sehaffle Test. The major research question was: ls the lack of caring and interest tin the organizational behaviour, a result of the controls which are related to the Administration (the organizational structure, the legislative rules and organizational rules); or a result of the administrative practices? On the light of these problematics, the study presented the hypotheses which were verified. These were as follows:- - The visions of the officials about the concept of the organizational behaviour, do not vary, according to sex, the educational level experience. - The applied organizational structure, is stagnant and ineffective in achieving the objectives. This results in a negative effect on performance. ' - The legislative and organizational rules control the discipline officials, and contribute to raising the level of performance. The prevailing organization culture, is distinguished by power and its ability to positive effect, towards raising the level of performance in the human resources sector circles. The group behaviour inside the administration inclines towards solidarity in order to upgrade the performance. The informal group behaviour, in the Administration, tends to the achievement of personal interests, and the absence of the spirit cooperation amongst groups. This is reflected negatively on performance. The findings of the research, as far as the test of the second, fourth and fifth hypotheses, were negative; while those of the others, were positive. The study reached several results; the most important of which are: The level of comprehension of the Civil Service officials; and their vision about the impact of the behaviour controls and disciplines, on the efficacy of performance; vary, according to the academic qualification and experience. There is no impact of the other personal factors. Most of the officials of the Civil Service (the human resources sector), tend to believe that the organizational structure of their circles, as far as their standards, ways and means and supervision patterns. are stagnant, ineffective and negatively affect performance. The study showed the importance of the role ofthe legislative rules in the control and discipline of the officials in the Administration. This represented the most important aspect of the study. Yet; they did not manage to achieve, despite that, the loyalty to the organization.