مجلة المختبرات الطبية - 2016 - 1 - 1

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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism and Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia among Sudanese Population
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Rania Ahmed Elmubarak; Ebtihal Ahmed Babiker; Elshazali Widaa Ali
Background: Local bone marrow Rennin- Angiotensin System (RAS) has been suggested to be involved in pathological neoplastic hematopoiesis and leukogenesis, and angiotensin has been suggested to act as an autocrine growth factor for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with risk of AML. Materials and methods: A total of 30 patients with AML and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from all subjects in ethylene diamene tetra acitic acid (EDTA). DNA was extracted from whole blood using salting out method, and analyzed for ACE I/D polymorphism using allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: The results showed that, the genotype DD was the most frequent among both patients and control groups, followed by the genotype ID, whereas the genotype II was present in patients and completely absent in control group. There was a significant association between I allele of ACE and risk of AML (O.R: 3.5, 95%CI: 1.2-10.0 , P.value: 0.017). Conclusion: I allele of ACE is associated with increased risk of AML.
Assessment of Preeclampsia Multiple Biomarkers in Sudan
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Akram Elkhair Noor Eldaem; Salah Ismael; Elfadil AL ObeidOmer
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy, which complicates pregnancy. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although pre-eclampsia is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, its aetiology is still under investigation. The aim of the present study was to investigate biochemical markers in preeclampsia predictions. We focused in this study on organs functions and analysis of different analysts, and salts in the preeclamptic females to gather which factors could influence or predict the preeclampsia. Pregnant women were selected, venous blood samples were collected from every patients and controls. Liver and renal function tests were measured for urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total and direct serum bilirubin, sodium and potassium. Urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, total protein, albumin, total and direct serum bilirubin concentrations were normal in patients and controls. Uric acid, magnesium, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase were found to be markedly increased in patients while calcium and phosphorus were decreased. These results indicate that the elevation of uric acid, magnesium, aspartate aminotransferase enzyme, alanine aminotransferase enzyme and the reduction in serum levels of calcium during pregnancy might be possible contributors in etiology of pre-eclampsia.
Assessment of Trace Elements, Total White Blood Cells and Platelets Count in Pregnant Ladies with Preeclampsia in Sudan
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Akram Elkhair Noor Eldaem; Salah Ismael; Elfadil AL ObeidOmer
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy, which complicates pregnancy. Maternal mortality with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Sudan is ascertained and accounts for 4.2% of the obstetric complications in Sudan. Despite decades of research into the condition, predicting which women are at increased risk of developing preeclampsia remains problematic and we did this study to detect the role of some elements and to correlate them with Preeclampsia. Pregnant ladies with preeclampsia were selected as cases, and age matched with normal pregnant ladies as controls. Venous blood samples were collected from every patients and controls. Trace elements, copper, zinc, and iron were measured. Total white blood cells and platelets were counted also. Levels of copper and zinc were low in patients while they were normal in controls. Iron was normal, total white blood cells were high in patients and platelets were low. The reduction in serum levels of zinc and copper during pregnancy might be possible contributor in etiology of pre-eclampsia.
Janus Kinase2 V617F Mutation in Sudanese Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016) Samia Ali Gafar; Elshazali Widaa Ali
Background: Janus Kinase2 (JAK2) is a cytoplasm tyrosine kinase involved in transduction of signal from growth factor receptor on auto phosphorylation following activation via ligand binding, JAK2 recruit STAT molecules which are then phosphorylated and translocate to the nucleus to act as transcription factor. Mutations of JAK2 gene have reported to be associated with all myeloproliferative disorders with variable frequency. Objective : This study aimed to determine the frequency of JAK2 V617F mutation in Sudanese patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and investigate its correlation with platelet count, age of incidence, and patients' demographic data. Material and Methods: A total of 50 patients with ET were enrolled in this study. Three milliliter (ml) of venous blood was collected from each subject and DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes by salting out method. JAK2 V617F mutation was detected by allele –specific competitive blocker polymerase chain reaction. Platelet was counted using automated hematology analyzer. Results: A total of 50 Sudanese patients with essential thrombocythemia were enrolled in this study; 23(46%) of them were males and 27(54%) were females; their age range from 18 to 82 years. The results showed that 31(62%) of patients were positive for JAK2 V617F mutation. The platelet count was found higher in patients with the mutation than those without the mutation but the different was not statistically significant ((Mean±SD: 1071.6±543.5X103/μl and 956.3±508.9 X103/μl respectively, P.value: 0.85)). Also no statistically significant difference was found in mean age of incidence in patients with the mutation compared to those without the mutation (Mean±SD: 53.8±15.7 & 48.8±13.8 years respectively, P. value: 0.67). Conclusion: About two third of the Sudanese patients with ET were found to have JAK2 V617F mutation. Presence of the mutation has no significant effect on platelet count or age of incidence.
Risk of Thrombosis in Upper GIT Bleeding Patients
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Omima Mohammed Adam; Hiba BadrEldin Khalil
Introduction: Upper Gastro-Intestinal (GIT) bleeding is a serious emergency that results in high morbidity and mortality, and therefore requires admission to the hospital for emergency and urgent diagnosis and management. Objective: This study aimed to assess the thrombotic marker D-dimer (D.D) level in patients with upper GIT bleeding due to different etiology. Materials and Methods: 2.5 ml of citrated venous blood were collected from 46 Sudanese patients diagnosed by endoscopy as having upper GIT bleeding; 32 of them were males and 14 were females with age ranged between 18-75 years. The D-dimer level was measured by i-CHROMA quantitative immunoassay. Results: D-dimer (D.D) level was increased according to the severity of bleeding; In mild cases, the mean of D.D was 311.8 ng/ml, while in severe cases, the mean was 2332ng/ml. Based on the etiology of upper GIT bleeding, it seemed highest (2652ng/dl) in patients who intake ibuprofen or naproxen for long time, while patients with bile reflux, it was a little lower (2639ng/dl). On the other hand, patients who had upper GIT bleeding due to stress, their D.D level was (1732ng/dl), and patients with bleeding due to eaten corrosive substance was (1404ng/dl). Finally, patients had bleeding due to H. pylori positive, their D.D level was (872ng/dl). Conclusions: Although most of the patients were suffered from upper GIT bleeding (mild or sever) due to different reasons, but they showed D-dimer level higher than the reference value. D-dimer is a simple test results to exclude thrombosis and it should be performed for patients with upper GIT bleeding for treatment management and follow up.
Role of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T Mutation in Cardiac Syndrome X
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Nasir Abdelrafie hamad; Imad M. Fadl Elmula
Background: Cardiac syndrome X (angina-like chest pain, positive stress - ECG, and normal coronary angiogram) has serious medical complications. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) may be an important factor associated with the disease. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between MTHFR C677T mutation and cardiac syndrome X (CSX) in Sudanese population. Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients with CSX and their matching controls were enrolled in this study. Venous blood sample was collected from each participant in Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA). DNA was extracted from blood samples using guanidine chloride method and MTHFR mutation was detected by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 18. Results: The mean age for patients was 44.98 years and for controls was 40.38 years. MTHFR C677T was significantly associated with CSX (20% versus 4% in control group; P.value: 0.014); the frequency of the heterozygous allele was higher than the homozygous allele (20% vs. 2%). Conclusion: MTHFR C677T is associated with CSX in Sudanese population. The mutation may be used as a molecular screening tool for the disease.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Antigen Test in Diagnosis of Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Nehad Abdulla; Mohamme Nafi Hamad
Background: Sore throat is one of the most common reasons for visits to family physicians. While most patients with sore throat have an infectious cause (pharyngitis), fewer than 20% have a clear indication for antibiotic therapy (i.e. group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection). Reducing the number of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions given for common respiratory infections has been recommended as a way to limit bacterial resistance. Objective: This study aimed to detect the sensitivity and specificity of a rapid antigen detection test (ICT) for diagnosis of throat infection caused by group (A) β- hemolytic streptococci, compared with culture as the gold standard test. Materials and methods: A total of 76 patients with new upper respiratory tract infections accompanied by sore throat were assessed by a physician. Pharyngeal swabs were obtained from all patients and both rapid test and throat culture were performed. Results: Streptococcus pyogenes was identified in 22 out of 76 throat swabs (28.9%), of these 16 were positive by both ICT and culture. 19 (25%) were positive by ICT and also 19 (25%) were positive by culture. The sensitivity of the ICT was 86.4% and specificity was 95%. Conclusion: Our study supports new approaches to diagnosis of sore throat by using ICT of streptococcus pyogenesas rapid, simple, and easy method in laboratory for any patients with centor criteria, to avoid the misdiagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic use.