PHD theses : Science

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.neelain.edu.sd/handle/123456789/12104

Browse

Subject: search.filters.subject.Chemical Composition

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti diabetic Activity of SolanumdubiumLeaf Extracts
    (Al-Neelain University, 2021) Athar Mohammed Hassan salh
    Abstract Family Solanaceae is one of the largest and economically most important families of angiosperms, including important food, spice, and drug plants. The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity and anti diabetic activity of extracts from Solanum dubium (Gubain) leaf. The leaf of Solanum dubium was extracted by maceration in methanol. The phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Solanum dubium leaf revealed the presence of alkaloid, steroids, tannins, saponins, coumarins, cardenolides, leucoanthyocyanins, and flavonoids. The methanolic extract of S. dubium showed a pronounced scavenging activity on DPPH (80%). The anti diabetic activity of the methanolic extract of Solanum dubium was evaluated on Wistar albino rats by measuring its blood glucose level in comparison with glibenclamide. Blood glucose level in the rats was evaluated in the 1st, 2nd, and 4th hr. At the 2nd hr. the extract lowered blood glucose level potently to a decrement in the group administered glibenclamide. The methanolic extract was subjected to column and preparative thin layer chromatography. The characterization of isolates was accomplished by UV, IR, 1HNMR study; suggested a pattern characteristic of dihydrochalcone. The following tentative four structures were identified as: compound one; 2- methyl dihydrochalcone, compound two; 2-methyl, aliphatic acetyl dihydrochalcone, compound three; 4-methyl ,aliphatic acetyl dihydrochalcone, and compound four; 3-methyl, acethyl, methoxydihydrochalcone. The Solanum dubium rich to phenolic compounds and it has showed both antioxidant and anti diabetic activity. Further the isolated flavonoids may be subjected to 2D NMR experiment for full characterization. المستخلص عائله الباذنجان هي واحده من اكبر عائلات كاسيات البذور وأهمها اقتصاديا، بما في ذلك النباتات الغذائية والتوابل والأدوية المهمة. الهدف من هذه البحث هو تحديد النشاط المضاد للأكسدة والنشاط المضاد لمرض السكر لمستخلصات نبات السولانيوم دبيويوم (الجبين) .تم استخلاص أوراق نبات السولانيوم دوبيوم باستخدام النقع في الميثانول. اظهر المستخلص الميثانولى للفحص الكيميائي النباتي لأوراق نبات السولانيوم عن وجود قلويدات، تانينات، صابونيين، كومارين، كاردينولايد ليوكوانثيوسيانين وفلافونويدات. واظهر مستخلص الميثانول نشاط فعال لمضاد الاكسدة 80% DPPH. تم تقييم النشاط المضاد لمرضى السكر مستخدما فيران التجارب وقد وجد أن مستخلص الميثانول لنبات الجبين أدى إلى خفض نسبة الجلوكوز في الدم مقارنه مع دواء السكر. تم تقييم نسبة السكر في الدم قي الساعة الاولى, الساعة الثانية, والساعة الرابعة. في الساعة الثانية، أدى المستخلص إلى خفض مستوى الجلوكوز في الدم بشكل اكثر فعالية من المجموعة المعطاة من الجليبنكلاميد. تم اخضاع المستخلص الميثانولي الفعال لكروماتوغرافيا العمود و ألطبقه التحضيرية الرقيقة. تم عزل المركبات بواسطةIR, UV, ,1HNMR وتشير المركبات التي تم عزلها إلى مركبات داى هيدروكالكون. وكانت التركيبات الاربعهة هي: المركب الأول: 2- ميثيل ثنائي هيدروكلكون، المركب الثاني: 2-ميثيل ، الأليفاتيك أسيتايل ثنائي هيدروكالكون، المركب الثلاث: 4 ميثيل ، أليفاتيك أسيتايل ثنائي هيدرو كالكون، المركب الرابع: 3- ميثيل ، أسيتايل ، ميثوكسي ثنائي هيدروكالكون. نبات السولانيوم (الجبين) غني بمركبات الفينولية ويظهر ذلك فعاليته كمضادات الأكسدة والسكري. عليه يمكن لاحقا مواصله فصل الفلافنونيدات واستخدام 2DNMR للوصول للوصف الكامل للمركبات .
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Monechma ciliatum (Jacq.) Milne-Redhead Stem
    (Neelain University, 2007) Sawsan Bushra Hassan Osman
    MOn€ChII1d ciliarum (Jacq.) Milne-Redhead is an annual plant of the Acanthaceae family and locally known as "black mah1ab" growing in some African and Asian countries. lt was chosen for this study because of its uses as an old remedy and cosmetic agent in Sudanese folk medicine. In GibalAlnuba (Southern Kurdofan) it is used for treatment of vomiting and diarrhea in children and further used in traditional Sudanese fragrances, lotion and cosmetics in wedding and childbirth rituals and ceremonies. Phytochemical screening was carried out seperately on petroleum ether, methanol, and aqueous extracts ofthe plant stem which revealed the presence of fatty acids, volatile oils, sterols and triterpenes, basic alkaloids, carotenoids, coumarins, flavone aglycone, emodols, tannins, polyuronides, alkaloid salts, reducing compounds and saponins. Antimicrobial screening of the three extracts showed that the petroleum ether and the methanolic extracts were the most active and further were subjected to column chromatographic fractionation and monitoring of their antibacterial activity The petroleum ether extract was investigated by GC-MS technique and resulted in identification of 60.52% of the extract as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, free acids and esters of acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic nature as well as lignans. It was proposed that the activity may well be due to the high content of sterols (~ 30%) and phthalic acid esters (5.25%). The active column fractions F4 and F5 of the methanolic extract were further investigated by analytical and preparative TLC and afforded seven compounds which were identified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Three compounds were not previously described in the litemture namely: F4-I characterized as: 4-(3',4'- methylenedioxy-6‘-methoxyphenyl)-5,6- mcthylenedioxy-2,3~naphth:1lide. F5-I characterized as: Tetrahydro-I-acetoxy-4-(3‘,4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)- 6,7—dimethoxy-2,3maphthalide. F5-IV characterized as: 8-(4,5-Dimethoxybenzyl)-8'-(4',5'- dimethoxybenzyl)-7'-hydroxy-'y-butyrolactone. The other four known compounds were identified as: F4-II: [3»Sitosteryl glucoside. F4-Ill: Mearnsetin. F5-ll: Tctrahydro-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -4- [(3,4-dimethoxyphcnyl) methyl]-3-furanomethanol. F5-Ill: Magnolin. Compound F6-I has been isolated from column fraction F6 and identified as sucrose by comparison of its MS and NMR-spectra with those of authentic samples. It is noteworthy that the stem of M. ciliatum was not previously investigated and the results of chemical composition of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts were reported for the first time in the present thesis.