PHD theses : Arts

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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    The Effect of Socio-Psychological Forces on Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays
    (Alneelain University, 2019) Mohamed EIhafiz Hussein Abdullah
    The study explores the factors that led Samuel Beckett to react against the ninetieth century literary movement abandons religiousness ideology and asserts existential ideas in his life and writings. The events are exemplified in the twentieth century trauma, as well as his family circle (his mother). They were philosophically denoted in his play wailing for Godot (1953), End Game (1957), and Krapp's Last Tape (1958). The plays bear concepts such as meaninglessness and anguish, where the characters do not have fixed identities; they suffer from the self-being; their lives are based on illusions, and the line between the reality and fantasy is absent. The study followed qualitative descriptive methods; formulism psychoanalysis and existential criticism are used. The present study confirmed that, the characters in Beckett's plays are psychologically ill; distorted, lame and their life is material based; logic. On the other hand, they are spiritually poor. Self is heavily projected and revealed in a very philosophical and ideological manner. Experience is expressed in a far more profound and fundamental nature than a mere autobiography. “Suffering of being” is mirrored and reflected. Overall, the outcome of the study proves that life is meaningulness, if a man is body and soul!
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    Cross- Cultural Pragmatic Study of Using Hedges in the Performance of Speakers of English and Arabic
    (Al-Neelain University, 2019) Saif Habeeb Hasan Habeeb Al-Bazi
    Using hedging strategies is one of the most frequently occurring in communicative acts in most human languages / cultures. These hedging strategies have pragmatic functions that are crucial in establishing and maintaining social bonds. Hedging strategies have the effect of enhancing positive rapport between interlocutors in any communicative interaction. In addition, they are a language function that has important social value. There is a difficulty of knowing when and how to use hedging strategies and how to get on smoothly with others. Despite of its importance and the high frequency of their use in daily interactions, interlocutors commit mistakes in using this strategy. The focus of this study is on investigating the using and perception of the hedging expressions in the political interviews (American English and Iraqi Arabic speakers), and investigating whether these two groups employ similar or different patterns in performing and perceiving hedges under investigation. In addition to exploring the distribution and the frequency of occurrence of hedging strategies in different cultures within the concept of gender. The main hypothesis of this study is that hedging strategies have a firm relation within concept of culture and gender. In this study, it is concluded that there is Quadruple relation among hedging strategies, gender, culture, and politeness is presented in the political interviews. Hedging strategies have a firm relation in respect to context , topic, gender, and culture of the participants.
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    The Wandering Modern World: The Pessimistic Vision of Evelyn Waugh A Study of Selected Novels
    (Al-Neelain University, 2019-02) Jameel Ahmed Khalaf
    This research aims at discussing beyond the insights of the critics views regarding the wandering modern world and the causes behind the pessimistic vision of the novelist, Evelyn Waugh, about the future of Modern life. After analyzing what other critics have seen in the different novels of Waugh, efforts have been made to research upon the modern generations. In fact, the research examines the effect of the two World Wars on humanity and literature that leads to the decline of values, faith, anxiety, loss, despair and death. The writer brings out the history and destiny of the common man and mocks at the behaviour of the English people, especially the upper and the middle class, their ways of life, decline of moral values, corruption, chaos, loss of faith and identity. He reflects the conflict between order and chaos, in which brutality and incivility or discourtesies are allowed to proceed uncontrolled by authority.
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    SOCIO-PRAGMATIC APPROACH OF COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT VERBS IN TWO NOVELS TO LIGHT HOUSE BY VIRGINA WOOLF AND COLOR PURPLE BY ALICE WALKER
    (Neelain University, 2019) TEISEERR MOHAMMED ABED MOHMOUD
    ABSTRACT Commissive speech acts are presented in almost all languages .They are considered as the most important aspects of maintaining social relationships between interlocutors in any context. These verbs can be applied for different fields of life such as social, religious, political speech as well as literary works, they can be implemented explicitly or implicitly. Although, there are a lot of ambiguities that can be raised with these verbs because there will be different cultures in applying different types of commissive verbs, and the best way to clarify this problem is to analyze the text pragmatically(sociopragmatically). Within present study the analyzes of explicit and implicit commissive speech act verbs such as (promise, threat, guarantee, pledge…ect) in some selected novels will be analyzed. Texts will be analyzed on three levels, structural level, sociolinguistic level as well as pragmatic level. Researcher will investigate commissive speech act verbs in two selected novels , they represent two different cultures, Black and white American culture , in order to explain different attitudes presented in these two different cultures. He also attempts to reveal the overlapping of these verbs within literary works, to suit the objective of the work, this study attempts to make some modifications to John Searle’s Felicity Conditions as well the semantic roles for these verbs, through extracting semantic roles of Speech Acts of these verbs that implemented by John Searle. Commissive speech act verbs are in complementary distribution and we cannot separate between them. )) (( Present study proposes the following hypotheses: 1.There are different types of (SAs) including: promise, threat ,guarantee , pledge…ect, some of these verbs have greater effect than others. For example, pledge has greater effect than other commissive speech act verbs. 2.Commissive speech act verbs can be implemented through indirect illocutionary act more than direct illocutionary acts within selected novels)). ((In order to investigate the validity of these hypotheses, theoretical and practical analyses have been adopted. Theoretical part investigates pragmatic aspects and structural issues of these acts as well as their Felicity Conditions, while the practical part tackles the analyzing two selected novels and assigning commissive verbs . 3.Examining how socio-pragmatics strategies are implemented through theories of politeness, implicature as well as speech act theory in creating the meaning of commissive speech act verbs mainly in these two novels. 4.Investigating other commissives speech act verbs than respect for the commissive speech act verbs that existed within these two novels. ((The findings of this study prove the validity of the aforementioned hypotheses. Accordingly, number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions put forward. However, commissives are tackled socio-pragmatically of analyzing two selected novels “color purple by Alice walker’ and “To the light house” by Virginia Woolf Through descriptive analytical approach. الملخص: يتم عرض أعمال الكلام التبادلي بجميع اللغات تقريبًا، وتعتبر أهم جوانب الحفاظ على العلاقات الاجتماعية بين المحاورين في أي سياق. يمكن تطبيق هذه الأفعال على مجالات مختلفة من الحياة مثل الخطاب الاجتماعي والديني والسياسي وكذلك الأعمال الأدبية ، ويمكن تنفيذها بشكل صريح أو ضمني. على الرغم من أن هناك الكثير من أوجه الغموض التي يمكن أن تثار مع هذه الأفعال لأنه سيكون هناك ثقافات مختلفة في تطبيق أنواع مختلفة من الأفعال التبادلية ، وأفضل طريقة لتوضيح هذه المشكلة هي تحليل النص بشكل عملي (اجتماعيًا). ضمن الدراسة الحالية ، سوف أقوم بتحليل أفعال فعل الكلام الصريح والضمني مثل (الوعد ، التهديد ، الضمان ، التعهد ... إلخ) في بعض الروايات المختارة. سيتم تحليل النصوص على ثلاثة مستويات ، المستوى النحوي ، المستوى اللغوي الاجتماعي وكذلك المستوى الدلالي. لغة تحقق في أفعال الكلام الكلامية في روايتين مختارين ، تمثلان ثقافتين مختلفتين ، الثقافة الأمريكية بالأبيض والأسود ، من أجل شرح المواقف المختلفة المقدمة في هاتين الثقافتين المختلفتين. كما يحاول الكشف عن تداخل هذه الأفعال في الأعمال الأدبية. لتتناسب مع هدف العمل ، تحاول هذه الدراسة إجراء بعض التعديلات على شروط فيليسيتي لجون سيرل ، وكذلك الأدوار الدلالية لهذه الأفعال ، من خلال استخراج الأدوار الدلالية لأفعال الكلام لهذه الأفعال التي نفذها جون سيرل. الأفعال الفعل, الكلام في التوزيع التكميلي ونحن لا يمكن الفصل بينهما .
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    In Search of the Self: A Critical Study of Female Migrants in the Novels The Grapes of Wrath, The Namesake and The Joy Luck Club
    (Al-Neelain University, 2019-03) Reem Nasser Abdullah Al-Aulaqi
    The aim of this thesis is to explore, analyze and evaluate the condition of women migrants in three significant novels The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. This dissertation consists of six chapters; the first and second chapters include the introduction, the theoretical framework and the literature review. The third chapter traces the lives of four Chinese women in The Joy luck Club (Suyuan Woo, An- mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Ying-ying) who had escaped the injustice and cruel actions practiced against women in China during the 1940s and had therefore migrated to America in search for their rights and a better life for them and their children. The forth chapter evaluates the genuine character of Ashima in The Namesake, the young Indian lady, who had accompanied her husband in his scholarship to America but who could never adapt to the life in America. Her nostalgia for her country and her love to her roots and backgrounds had prevented her from coping with the life in America and thus had decided to go back to India after decades of life in America. To Ashima, migration is a sort of an everlasting wait, a persistent burden, an endless feeling out of sorts. After that comes the fifth chapter which explores the striking strength of the character of Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath who is a great example of a strong determined woman who was able to keep the unity of her family during the hard times of the Dust Bowl and Great Depression in America when the whole country seemed to be in flight towards California; the land of plenty. Then is the conclusion which is the sixth and last chapter. This dissertation aims mainly to concentrate on the main female characters on those works and the challenges they face during their life journeys in general and during migration years in particular. To do so, the researcher investigates the lives of the main female characters in the three novels before migration, the hardships, backgrounds, struggles and the reasons behind those women’s decision of migration. In relation to that, the researcher studies those women’s lives before and after migration and considers the obstacles they face in the migration land and whether migration had fulfilled those women’s dreams, hopes and expectations. Moreover, the researcher explores the impact of migration on those women’s personalities and behaviours as well as that on their children. Furthermore the researcher studies whether migration had helped those female migrants to reconcile with their lives before migration or whether their inability of reconciliation with that past was the burden that prevented them from living peacefully after migration.
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    Cross- Cultural Pragmatic Study of Using Hedges in the Performance of Speakers of English and Arabic
    (Neelain University, 2019-09) Saif Habeeb Hasan Habeeb Al-Bazi
    ABSTRACT Using hedging strategies is one of the most frequently occurring in communicative acts in most human languages / cultures. These hedging strategies have pragmatic functions that are crucial in establishing and maintaining social bonds. Hedging strategies have the effect of enhancing positive rapport between interlocutors in any communicative interaction. In addition, they are a language function that has important social value. There is a difficulty of knowing when and how to use hedging strategies and how to get on smoothly with others. Despite of its importance and the high frequency of their use in daily interactions, interlocutors commit mistakes in using this strategy. The focus of this study is on investigating the using and perception of the hedging expressions in the political interviews (American English and Iraqi Arabic speakers), and investigating whether these two groups employ similar or different patterns in performing and perceiving hedges under investigation. In addition to exploring the distribution and the frequency of occurrence of hedging strategies in different cultures within the concept of gender. The main hypothesis of this study is that hedging strategies have a firm relation within concept of culture and gender. In this study, it is concluded that there is Quadruple relation among hedging strategies, gender, culture, and politeness is presented in the political interviews. Hedging strategies have a firm relation in respect to context , topic, gender, and culture of the participants. المستخلص تعد اساليب التحوط واحدة من اكثر الظواهر استخداما في عملية التواصل في معظم اللغات وفي مختلف الثقافات. وهنالك معاني دلالية لاستخدام اساليب التحوط. اذ تستخدم هذه الاساليب لتحقيق اهداف دلالية اساسية في اقامة وتعزيز الروابط الاجتماعية بين المتحدثين. ان لأساليب التحوط الاثر الايجابي البالغ في تعزيز الروابط بين المتحدثين في مختلف انواع عمليات التواصل. وبالإضافة على كونها وظيفة لغوية، فان لها ايضا اهمية اجتماعية كبيرة. وتبرز الاشارة الى ان هنالك صعوبات لمعرفة متى وكيف يتم استخدام اساليب التحوط وعن كيفية جعل عملية التواصل سهلة يسرة. فان المتحدثين يرتكبون اخطاء في طريفة استخدام اساليب التحوط على الرغم من اهميتها وكثرة استعمالها في المحادثات اليومية. وتتركز هذه الدراسة على دراسة استخدام وفهم عبارات التحوط في المقابلات السياسية ( للمتحدثين الامريكيين والعراقيين) ودراسة ما اذا كان المجتمعان يتبعون نفس الاساليب او غيرها. اضافة الى معرفة تكرار وتوزيع هذه الاساليب في المقابلات السياسية وفقا لمفهوم الثقافة والجنس. اذا ان الفرضية الاساسية في هذه الدراسة تتلخص في ان اساليب التحوط لها علاقة وثيقة بجنس المتحدث والمجتمع الثقافي. وان من اهم الاستنتاجات لهذه الدراسة ان هنالك علاقة رباعية وثيقة مابين اساليب التحوط والجنس والثقافة والاسلوب المؤدب في المقابلات السياسية. وان اساليب التحوط لها علاقة وثيقة مع السياق وموضوع الحديث من جانب والجنس والثقافة من جانب آخر.
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    A Cross – Cultural Analysis of Presidential Inaugural Speech Acts In American and Arabic Contexts
    (جامعة النيلين, 2018-08) Imad Hayif Sameer
    ABSTRACT This thesis is a contrastive pragmalinguistic analysis of eight selected inaugural speeches (four from Arabic culture and four from American one) based upon the Theory of Speech Acts. The investigation involves an analysis of Searle’s main speech acts by describing their pragmatic and structural means of identification and realization .The underlying general aim of this work is to find out whether or not these speeches share certain common cross linguistic, structural and pragmatic features. In more specific terms, this work explores the possibility of identifying certain form-function commonality within the speeches under investigation. Three hypotheses are proposed for testing this possibility which are: 1. In both American and Arabic data, commissive and assertive speech occupy high frequency. 2. Commissive and directive speech acts are used in Arabic data more than that of American one. 3. The first rank in both cultures belongs to Assertives. This is due to their function as justifications to other types. A special model of analysis is adopted that is based on the classification of Searle's (1969).Cognitive theory is needed to interpret or identify each speech act. Van Dijk's theory of Mental Model is applied to achieve this objective. Identification the types of speech is affected by Ferrara's Theory who explains the nature of these speech acts within a sequence. In the addition, the five key characteristics proposed by Ericson will be tackled .The work rounds off with conclusion and suggestions for further researches. iii ألمُستخلص تتضمن الدراسة تحليلا تداوليا لغويا لثمان خطابات افتتاحية رئاسية ( اربعة منتقات من الثقافة العربية واربعة ماخوّذة من الثقافة الامريكية) وتحليل هذه الخطابات مبني على نظرية فعل الكلام. وهذا التحليل يتقصى افعال الكلام الخمسة المقترحة من قبل اللغوي Searle والعمل عل ى وصفها وتقصي عملها الدقيق من الناحية التداولية . والغاية من هذه الدراسة هو بيان احتمالية وجود عوامل مشتركة او عدم وجودها واكتشاف امكانية وجود اي تشابه بين الثقافتين. وهنا اقترح الباحث ثلاث فرضيات لاختبار هذه الفرضيات وهي كالتالي: 1- في كلتا الثقافتين يحتل فعل الكلام الخاص بالتعهد او الالتزام والتحقق اعلى المراتب 2- يحتل التعهد اوالالتزام والتوجيه او الالتماس مرتبة اعلى في الخطابات العربية مقارنة مع الخطابات الامريكية. 3- تحتل افعال الكلام الخاصة بالتحقق المرتبة الاولى في كلا الثقافتين وتلك المرتبة مستحقة لكون هذا النوع يعمل على توفير المبررات لبقية الانواع. تبنأ الباحث نموذج خاص به لاجراء هذا التحليل دامجا ثلاث نظريات في اطار واحد لاعطاء خصوصية لدراسته وهذا النموذج يجمع بين نظرية افعال الكلام الخمسة والمقترحة من قبل اللغوي Searle وهي الالتزام او التعهد , التحقق , التوجيه او الالتماس , التعبير والافصاح. والنظرية الثانية هي لللغوي Ferrara والذي بين بان فعل القول قد يتغير في طبيعته اذا جاء في فقرة. كل هذا يحتاج الى نظرية ذهنية لتفسير اي خطاب ولهذا جاء استخدام نظرية Van Dijk لاعطاء تفسير دقيق لافعال الكلام . نظرية Ericson والتي بينت بان هذا النوع من الخطابات يشتمل على مواضيع معينة توحدها الا وهي واخيرا قدمت الدراسة النتائج التي تبرهن الفرضيات المقدمة وكذلك المقرحتات الواجب اتبعاها مستقبلا
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    Conceptualization of Tragic Woman: A study of Feminist Identity in Marsha Norman’s Night, Mother and Maria IreneFornes’ Mud
    (Neelain University, 2019) WassemHammadKhalaf
    Abstract Women had no separated identity from that of their husbands before the American Feminist movement,deprived as they were of any legal or political rights. In the American capitalist, patriarchal system of the early twentieth century, marriage was the only way for women to secure financial stability for the future. Feminist drama has carved its identity as a distinct theatrical genre during the late 1960's both in Britain and America.The dissertation discusses the subordination and victimization of women in relation to men within the capitalist structure of the society, its institutions, the hegemonic patriarchal culture and history. Norman and Fornesare considered as contemporary American feminist playwright who portray in their Plays the role of women as victims of the societies they in which they live. This study aims to analyze their plays in a detailed manner, and to give an introductory knowledge about their female characters in their plays by discussing their oppression in relation with the historical, cultural and social perspectives which are the main points of discussion in the Socialist-Feminist Theory. The Study explores the quest for identity in the selected work as it tries to expose the main reasons behind the identity issues. Moreover, this study is an attempt at tracing the changes and challenges that the concept of tragedy regarding woman has undergone firstly from its beginnings as a literary genre in Greek theatre, and secondly in Europe during the Elizabethan age and then lately in America during the first half of the twentieth century through Norman's Night, Mother and Fornes' Mud. The dissertation concludes that Norman and Fornes have succeeded in presenting their characters as major figures who are oppressed by people around them as this dissertation presents many recommendations for further studies.
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    THE ROLE OF MONSTER IN FRANKENSTEIN; OR, THE MODERN PROMETHUES AND FRANKENSTEIN IN BAGHDAD (A CRITICAL STUDY
    (Neelain University, 2019) SAIF LATIF M. ALSSAFY
    ABSTRACT (English) Title of thesis:The Role of Monster in Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Frankenstein in Baghdad Name of researcher: Mr. SAIF LATIF M. ALSSAFY English and Arabic literature have featured a multitude of characters with monstrous qualities with diverse roles and functions. The aims of this thesis are to analyze and identify the role of the monster in two novels that belong to different time periods and literary cultures, Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Frankenstein (1818) by the English novelist Mary Shelley and Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013) by the Iraqi novelist Ahmed Saadawi. This critical study sets to analysis the remarkable and effective roles of the monster in two novels. The qualitative research methodology was used in the research with critical analysis used as the tool in addition to thevarious types of theories were used to analyze the two novels such as the work of Jeffrey S. Nevid, in order to examine the notion and motivations of the monster's role thoroughly. By analyzing the character of the monster in the two texts through the lens of the concepts and mind of the eighteen-century society and the contemporary Iraqi society sequentially for Shelley and Saaadawi, the thesis illustrates several findings. The monster in Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus has many roles such as the human who learns from the human's violent rejection and as revenger who learns about the emotions of hate, anger, revenge and does not see the advantages of happiness and love, however the monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad has been created as revenger and having descriptive names to indicate and highlight the social anxieties resulting from the sufferings of infinity killing's cycle in the Iraqi society after Baghdad's invasion.The thesis concludes with the idea the monster in literature has been a popular figure in Western and Eastern society for centuries, as a mirror to a collective fear of problems in a specific society and time in history. In both novels, the writers used the monster to highlight evil's side in theirsocieties, which reflect especially his functions as a symbol of warning to the writers' own society مستخلص البحث يضمالأدبالإنجليزيوالعربيةالعديدمنالشخصياتذاتالصفاتالوحشيةتظهرها فيأدوارهاووظائفهاالمتنوعة. تهدفهذهالرسالةإلىتحليلوتعريفدورالوحشفيروايتينالتان تعودان الىفتراتزمنيةوالثقافاتالأدبية مختلفة،فرانكنشتاين. أو،بروميثيوسالحديث(1818) للروائيةالإنجليزيةماريشيليوفرانكشتاينفيبغداد (2013) للروائيالعراقيأحمدسعداوي. الدراسةالنقدية فيهذه الرسالة عدت لتحليلالأدوارالبارزةوالفعالةللوحشفيروايتين. منأجلدراسةفكرةودوافعدورالوحشبشكلكامل تماستخداممنهجيةالبحثالنوعيباستخدامالتحليلالنقديكأداة في البحثبالاضافة الىاستخدامأنواعمختلفةمنالنظرياتمثلعملجيفريس. نيفيد.انتحليلشخصيةالوحشفيالنصينمنخلالعدسةمفاهيموعقلمجتمعالقرنالثامنعشرلشيلليوالمجتمعالعراقي المعاصرلسعداويبرزالعديدمنالنتائج. منهاالوحشفيفرانكنشتاين. أو،بروميثيوسالحديثلديهالعديدمنالأدوار,دورهكأنسانالذييتعلممنرفضالمجتمعالعنيف لهوكمنتقمالذييتعلممنعواطف والكراهيةوالغضبوالانتقامولايرىمزاياالسعادةوالمحبة في حياته،بينما دورالوحشفيفرانكنشتاين برزكمنتقمووصاحب الاسماءالوصفيةللإشارةإلىالمخاوفالمجتمعيةالناتجةعنمعاناةمن دائرة القتل اللامتناهيةفيالمجتمعالعراقيبعدغزوبغداد. وتختتمهذهالرسالةبفكرةأنالوحشفيالأدب كان ومايزالالشخصيةالمشهورة كمرآة لعكسالخوفجماعيمنمشاكلفيمجتمع محددووقتمعين منالتاريخفيالمجتمعالغربيوالشرقي منذ قرون. وفيكلاالروايتين،استخدمالكتابينالوحشلتسليطالضوءعلى جانب الشرفيمجتمعاتهم،والتيتعكسبشكلخاصوظائفهكرمزللتحذيرلمجتمعالكاتبنفسه.