تجارة - دكتوراه
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Item متطلبات تطبيق نظم توكيد الجودة بالمؤسسات التعليمية (المرحلة الثانوية بولاية الخرطوم)(2012) نهى عبدالله صديق عمرAbstract The study is an endeavor to implement the Quality Assurance Systems in education institutions and the usefulness of it in processes of refonnation and evaluation and to improve the educational efficiency and productivity especially in Government High Secondary Schools in Khartotun State. The research aims to explore the importance and benefits of this system implementation as well as to explore the role that can be played in upgrading of educational process and to clarify the awareness extent of workers concepts ,principles ,and requirements of implementation this system In Government High Secondary Schools and to determine the indicates which can be used to measure the implementation levels in secondary education and to determine the obstacles that prevent the implementation and then access to some recommendations and suggestions which may help to find the solutions of these obstacles The research used the descriptive analytical method and case study to collect the raw data where it depend on questionnaire which was designed. to answer the research question ,testing hypotheses and achieve it objectives according to fivefold Lekert measure also the research used the SPSS to analysis the then data then access to results which were discussed according to study hypothesis and objectives . The study summarized there is ability to implement the Quality Assurance System in Government Secondary Schools then the study provided some of recommendation as well as suggestion a model for the implementation of Quality Assurance System In Govemment Secondary Schools .the'model which were derived from the quality index for the general education stages in Arabic Nation is consideration of correspondent between the two models , the continues improvement model of Deming and the European institution model .Item أثر تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة على أداء انشطة الشراء والتخزين في القطاع الصناعي دراسة حالة بعض الصناعات التحويلية في السودان(2008) محمود احمد النعيم احمدAbstract This research addresses the impact of applying total quality management on the performance of the purchasing & warehousing activities in the industrial sector. It scrutinizes the state of some transformative industries in Sudan. The study approaches purchasing and warehousing (P&W) activities from the total quality management (TQM) perspective, taking Sudanese industrial sector as a case study. Three firms are chosen to represent this sector; Hajjar Cigarette &Tobacco Factories Ltd., Amiphanna Laboratories Ltd., and Blue Nile Dairy Co.Ltd. The problem that this research addresses emanates from ~the observation that a sizeable number of Sudanese industrial firms do not follow scientific methods in their P & W activities. Moreover, these firms do not seem to value the important role that these activities play in the success of the firms, and the fulfillment of their objectives. These firms do not apply TQM methods on their P&W activities, and they do not make use of its multi-faceted capacity. This observation led the researcher to look into this problem in depth. Using SPSS, the researcher tested the following four hypotheses. 1. The Sudanese industrial firms apply scientific methods in the P&W system, which pave the way for applying the TQM. 2. There is a relationship between the organization culture and it's adoption and application of TQM in P&W activities of the Sudanese industrial. 3. There is a relationship between the application of TQM and.the training of the P. &W. staff. 4. The organization structure of the P&W department at the Sudanese industrial finns is affected by the application of the TQM. The researcher concluded that all the above mentioned hypotheses are correct, and he arrived at a number of results, including the following: l. The administrative systems of the three firms are good. However, they need continuous improvement in accordance with the scientific principles of management. 2. The employees of the three firms have good knowledge of TQM. 3. The concerned firms adopt scientific methods of P&W. activities. On the basis of these results, the researcher makes the following reconrnrendations: l. The organizational structure of the studied firms be looked into and reformed. _ 2. The employees of the studied firms be given advanced training in TQM. 3. The public sector is to follow and support TQM. The researcher suggests the following topics for further study: 1. The stagnant stock problem in the Sudanese public sector. 2. The right price and value analysis. 3. Total Quality Management in the Sudanese public sector.Item البيئة الجامعية وأثرها في تسويق الخدمات الجامعية بالولايات (بالتطبيق على جامعة وادى النيل 1990 - 2010م )(2012) ماريا ابية يوسف محمدAbstract The University Environment and its Impact on Marketing The University Services in The States (A case study of The Nile Valley University) This study concerned with the identification of the university enviromnent and its role in marketing the university services paiticularly in the states .The study has aimed at looking at the consequences which have been caused by the foundation of the universities in the state via the services which it provides in order to meet the need and desires of the students and the community. The research problem has been symbolized in the number of positive and negative factors which have accompanied the expansion in the higher education in the states and accordingly its effect on the pattems of the consumption and the purchasing customs on the part of the states’ citizens and the students who belong to these states . It has also affected the degree of the economical growth along with the activation of the economical activities . On the other hand it had an effect on the rising of the living costs and in changing the consumption traditions. Thus , a basic question has emerged about the degree of states’ citizens satisfaction towards the states universities . The research was based on the following hypothesis: - There is a relationship which has a statistical inference between the students’ satisfaction towards the state university and their belonging to that state. - The academic factors are considered as basic determiners in the students selection for the Nile Valley University. - The economical, social and family factors do affect the students choice for the state universities . - The settlement of the Sudanese universities in the states lead, to the economical flourishing in these states. In order to test the correctness of the hypothesis, the researcher has studied the Nile Valley University case and has designed a questionnaire which has covered the university students who registered in march 2010. The research has adopted the descriptive analytical method in studying the case. The researcher has adopted the depended on the primary and secondary sources in collecting the data .The primary data has been collected through the personal interview and the questionnaire .The secondary sources have been gathered from the books , the references and the periodicals. The data has been presented and analyzed . The hypothesis have also been tested . The researcher has arrived at a number of results. The following are most_ important ones: 1- The state university attains the higher education expansion objectives and the wide spreading of the universities out of the capital city. 2- The state university contributes to the change of the labour forces structure in the states and the manifestation of the teaching staff posts which were originally unfound in these states. 3- The state university has an influence on creating and increasing the demands on commodities and services which satisfy the students’ needs. This undoubtedly positively affects the citizens’ incomes level. The study has recommended the following: — The establishment of a research centre which is concurred with solving the causes and problems that are connected with the university and state. - Showing interest in the university environment and working towards its suitability for the students’ needs. The researcher has also recommended that future studies should be carried out in: - The Higher education outcomes in the state and the labour market. - The state university role in the economical and social developmentItem إدارة المعرفة ودورها في تطوير الجامعات اليمنية الحكومية(2013) عبدالحكيم احمد سيف المخلافيABSTRACT The aim of this study is to afford an effective contribution to the efforts targeting development of the public Yemeni Universities through employment of knowledge management (KM) techniques that can be used for both administrative and academic practices and/or processes. This general aim can be translated into six procedural objectives as follows: 1. Identification of (KM) with regard to definition, goals, importance, and major components. 2. Development and use of special measuring tool that can be adopted for introduction and application of (KM) in universities and measuring its effectiveness of its strategy. 1. Investigation of the existing standing of the Yemeni universities, in relation to emergence , development, problems, and the extent to which they implement some constituents of (KM). 2. Evaluation of the availability of knowledge assets in the target universities. 3. Specification of the quantitative differences between various (KM) constituents according to diverse variables. 4. Listing results and recommendations for reforms that can be utilized by policy and decision makers. The main problem that the study addresses is the inferior position of educational administration in the universities which can be ascribed to the poor managerial perfonnance of the supreme associated and legally accountable bodies at the general national level. Certainly, such awkward administrative standard is the major cause of the existing problematic standard of the national universities , and its defective outcomes, which rate these universities far below the world ranking measures (2010) . The study tests validity of four hypotheses : 1. Yemeni universities do not implement a planned methodological approach to (KM) constituents. 2. There is no statistically significant differences between implementation of (KM) with regard to : (a) knowledge processes, (b) strategy, (c) information and communication technology (ICT), and (d) human resources component. 3. There is no statistically significant differences between (KM) constituents in the universities in terms of their spatial identities. 4. There is no statistically significant differences between implementation of (KM) with regard to the type of the occupation , i.e. academic and administrative recruitment. The eight existing public universities comprise the environment of the study, but it focuses only on four of them selected on bases of in lieu of diverse regions. These are namely universities of Sana'a, Aden, Taiz, and Thamar. A special questionnaire was developed in L. Likert type scaled to five options. Total number of the returned responses from the sample amounts to (399) divided into (201) academicians, and (198) administrative staff members . Using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) , the study reveals that (KM) constituents in general comprise a fortunate possibility of practice at ( 65.40 %) value of admittance as already used practices. Hence, constituents associated with knowledge processes comes at the top scoring (79.32 %) at (0.574) deviation value , whereas constituent of (ICT) scored the minimum value at (53.56%). Similarly, the tested hypotheses vary in results. Hypothesis [I] appeared reversed (untrue) to its negative statement , Whereas the other hypotheses are invalid as well . Generally, the knowledge constituent is far adopted with average value at (4.343) which exceeds significantly the hypothetical value at (3.4) or (oz 5 0.05) . However, the analysis resulted some differences in practices of knowledge processes among universities. Considering the strategy of (KM) , this constituent resulted low adoption with (3.178) average value below (ct 5 0.05). Similarly, (ICT) is still below satisfying adoption at very inferior value (2.678) , the farthest below the hypothetical value (3.4). The fourth ‘constituent associated with human resources is also pity at (2.683) only. Regarding hypotheses (5) and (6) , the study has found some inconsistent results. The study concludes a group of recommendations which in all call for modemization of the administrative practices in the public universities for making them more capable to cope with the newly emergent challenges and perspectives of science, education, and management in the time of (ICT) revolution. The target universities are also invited to undertake (KM) techniques in terms of processes, strategies, fiameworks, and means to innovation and renewal for both administrative and academic purposes.Item دور ادارة خدمات العملاء فى رفع كفاءة تسويق الخدمات دراسة حالة الشركة السودانية للاتصالات(2008) انور محمد مصطفى ابوالقاسمAbstract The title of this Studay is : “ The Role of Customers Services in Promoting the Efficiencey of Marketing Policy “Applied to the Sudanese Tele-Communications Company “Sudatel” from 2000 to 2004. The Objectives of this Stady : To Know the concept of “Customers Services “ as one of the inputs of Services marketing in general and communication services in particalar, and to what extent is “Sudatel” appling this concept and other modem marketing concepts. This is done through the exploraation of the Customers points of views and their satisfaction of these services. so as to find some suggestions to participate in the promotion of the services marketing and reach the satisfaction ,of its customers . The Studay Consists of ;An introducation , five chapters and aconclusion . The researrcher used methods of the research including the historical method , the descriptive method , and case studay method . He used descriptive statistics to show and analyze the data and the statistical tables . Some hypothises were set to be examined as follows : l. There is a relationship between the offered services and the customers satisfaction . 2. The presence of aseparate management for customers sen/ices affects the application of modern marketing concept. 3. Competition affects the ways how services are offered and affects their quality as well. 4. The way the services offered in and the fixed telephone services affect customers satisfaction . To examine these . hypothes a random specimen of (226) customers of the research societyiwere chosen. The study found some indicators to accept the hypothes of the study. Which means that there are some relations between the variables of these hypotheses . . The result’s of the study : 1. Services in Sudatel are offered in a way which meets customers needs and clearly reaches their satisfaction. Marketing competition has asignificant direct effect on how the services are offered and on their quality as well. The introduction of mobile phones in the Sudanes communications market made the door open for competition and lessened the importance of fixed phone. Sudatel spreaded widely and offered services which covered most of the country and satisfied the customers needs for communication. Suggestions: Customers shoud always be given greater attention and due care and shoud be put in the focus of the company . All effors shoud be exceited to achieve customers satisfaction. The work of fixed telephone shoud be updated and promoted in a way which enables it to stand the competion in fornt of other technology which endangers it. Getting ready for the wide competion in the field of communication and preparing stratigic plans in ascientific way beamig inmind the current situation and the future of communcation marketing in general and Sudatel customers in particular. . The study of the companies. of the same nature inside and outside the country to decide continuously the point s of weaknesses and the points of strength (Market Share) and how to deal with the variables in the internal and external environment.Item الدور الوسيط لسلوك المستهلك في العلاقة بين الاتصالات التسويقية وزيادة الميزة التنافسية (دراسة على قطاع الاتصالات بالسودان)(2018) نصر الدين الأمين فضل الله الكلسالمستخلص الدور الوسيط لسلوك المستهلك في العلاقة بين الاتصالات التسويقية وزيادة الميزة التنافسية إزداد إهتمام منظمات الأعمال بالبحث عن إستراتيجيات وفلسفه إدارية قادرة على تحسين أداء المؤسسات ومواجهة التطورات المتسارعة بالتركيز على حقل إدارة التسويق وإيجاد العلاقة بين المتغيرات التي شكلت الإطار الفكري والفلسفي للدراسة . هدفت الدراسة إلى تسلط الضوء على الدور الوسيط لسلوك المستهلك عبر الأبعاد (الحاجات الدوافع ، الإدراك ، التعلم ، الشخصية) في العلاقة بين الاتصالات التسويقية عبر الأبعاد (الإعلان، البيع الشخصي ، تنشيط المبيعات، الدعاية، العلاقات العامة) وزيادة الميزة التنافسية عبر أبعاد ( تحسين كفاءة المنظمة، تحسين الجودة، زيادة الحصة السوقية). تكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في الدور المهم الذي تؤديه شركات الاتصالات السودانية كونها تعد من القطاعات الأساسية للنهوض بواقع الاقتصاد السوداني من ناحية تطبيقية أو علمية كونها تعد تراكماً علمياً حيث تعتبر الدراسة إمداد للدراسات التي إهتمت بنفس متغيرات الدراسة. عالجت الدراسة مشكلة عبر عنها بعدد من التساؤلات الفكرية والتطبيقية ، تم صياغتها استناداً إلى الوضع القائم الذي يشهده قطاع الاتصالات ، وتمثلت الفجوة الحقيقية في عدم تركيز الباحثين على ربط خطوات الاتصالات التسويقية بأبعاد الميزة التنافسية السائدة في شركات الاتصالات (عينة الدراسة) ومما دعم ذلك جانب الدراسة الميدانية حيث تبين أن هناك ضرورة لدراسة الاتصالات التسويقية والميزة التنافسية بعد أن أصبح واضحاً أن عناصر الاتصالات التسويقية التي يتم اعتمادها في الشركات عينة الدراسة لا تتفق مع احتياجات الشركات مما انعكس سلباً على ميزتها التنافسية . اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وطبق على شريحة المستهلكين في ولاية الخرطوم طلاب ، موظفين ، عمال ، أساتذة، محامين ، مستشارين . وبلغ عدد أفراد العينة 340 فرداً وتم اختبارها وفقاً لمعادلة روبرت ماسون . وصمم الباحث استمارة الاستبيان والتي مثلت الأداة الرئيسية لجمع البيانات معتمداً على المقاييس الجاهزة التي أخضعت إلى اختباري الصدق والثبات ، كما تم الاعتماد على المقابلات الشخصية في شركات الاتصالات . استخدم الباحث في تحليل البيانات أساليب الإحصاء الوصفي والاستدلالي باعتماد البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS). خرجت الدراسة باستنتاجات فكرية وأخرى تطبيقية شخصت حقيقة واقع الاتصالات التسويقية والميزة التنافسية في أواسط المستهلكين ، كان أبرزها أن سلوك المستهلك بأبعاده تأثير متوسط على الاتصالات التسويقية وتأثيره بالدرجة الأولى على الميزة التنافسية، وتبين أن تحسين الميزة التنافسية يحتاج إلى دعم وتخطيط من قبل الإدارة العليا في شركات الاتصالات. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية بين الاتصالات التسويقية والميزة التنافسية بشكل مجتمع من خلال سلوك المستهلك ، واستناداً على ذلك تم تقديم عدد من التوصيات أهمها التأكيد على أهمية الاتصالات التسويقية وسلوك المستهلك في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية بما يعزز الموقع التنافسي لشركات الاتصالات المبحوثة في إطار البيئة التي تعمل بها. Abstract Mediator Role of Consumer’s Behavior In Relation Between Marketing Communications and Increase of Competitive Particularity Businesses organizations interest has increased searching for strategies and administrative philosophy capable of developing institutes performance and to encounter its rapid growth by focusing on the field of marketing administration and finding the relation between variables that form the intellectual and philosophical framework of this study. This study intends to shed light on the mediator role of consumer’s behavior through these dimensions (motivational needs, awareness, learning and personality) in the relation between marketing communications through the dimensions of (personal sale advertisement, stimulation of agreement publicity and public relations) with the increase of the outmatch particularity through the dimensions of (enhancing organization’s competence, enhancing quality of logistic share). The importance of this study relies on the fact that it concludes to establish a philosophical intellectual rooting of the nature of the variables under study as administrative terminologies in administrative concept. This depends on a great marketing effort to the reality of marketing communication and consumer’s behavior in increasing and enhancing the competitive particularity. The study dealt with the problem through many intellectual and implimentory inquiries shaped according to the current situation of communication sector. A real gap has been noticed in lack of researchers focus on connecting the steps of marketing dimensions with the dimensions of competitive particularity common in communications companies (subject of study). This view is supported by the field study which has shown that there is a necessity to investigate the marketing communications and its competitive particularity after it became clear that the components of marketing communications that credited in companies subject of study do not match the companies’ need which has negatively affected competitive particularity. This study depended on the descriptive analytical approach which is applied on section of consumers in Khartoum State including; students, employees, workers, teachers, lawyers and consultants of a sample of 340. The researcher designed a form which represented the main tool of collecting data depending on confirmed measurements that approved through validity and credibility tests. The researcher has also used personal interviews in telecommunication companies then analyzed data through deductive descriptive statistical methods using SPSS (a statistical program for analyzing data). The study reached some implementary and intellectual results that diagnosed the reality of marketing communications and competitive particularity among consumers. Depending on these results, the researcher recommends that importance of marketing communication and consumers behavior should be stressed on to achieve the competitive particularity which enhances the competitive environment of telecommunications companies in the fields of their work.Item التكامل بين متطلبات المواصفة الدولية الايزو 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية الايزو 9004 وتأثيرهما في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية دراسة تطبيقية في الكليات الأهلية بالعراق(2018) فائز غازي عبد اللطيف البياتيالمستخلص (التكامل بين متطلبات المواصفة الدولية الايزو 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية الايزو 9004 وتأثيرهما في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية دراسة تطبيقية في الكليات الأهلية بالعراق) تسعى العديد من المؤسسات في مختلف المجالات سواء الانتاجية والخدمية الى تطبيق انظمة ادارة الجودة والاستفادة منها وخاصة التكامل بين المواصفة ISO 9001:2008 والمواصفة 9004 :2009 والتي تعد الأسلوب الأمثل لحل جميع المشاكل التي تعاني منها تلك المؤسسات والوصول إلى الحلول المناسبة من خلال مشاركة جميع العاملين فيها بالمسؤولية والاقتداء بالنماذج الناجحة الذي حققتها المؤسسات المتميزة , وبعد ان اخذ تطبيق نظم ادارة الجودة مداه الواسع في تطوير ستراتيجيات الاعمال وتحسين الأداء في تقديم المنتجات وما حققه من الارباح , , بهذا أخذت نظم ادارة الجودة في الخدمات وخاصة في المؤسسات التعليمية من خلال تلبية حاجات ورغبات وتوقعات الطالب ومحاولة إشباعها . وبهذا اصبحت الكليات الأهلية بحاجة لتطبيق نظم ادارة الجودة والأرتقاء بالعملية الإدارية والعلمية إلى أعلى مستوياتها، والوصول الى ما وصلت اليها الجامعات في الدول المتقدمة من خلال تحسين عملياتها ومخرجاتها ورغم الفرص التي فقدتها الكليات الاهلية الا انها قادرة على الاستخدام العلمي الكفوء والفاعل للموارد وخاصة الموارد البشرية التي يمكن ان تسهم في تحسين التقدم العلمي الحاصل. وبما ان التعليم في الكليات الأهلية يعتبر مؤسسة استثمارية تهدف التى تحقيق الربح عن طريق التعلم والتي تحكمها معايير علمية لذلك كان لا بد للكليات الاهلية من اللحاق بالتطورات العلمية التي تشهدها الجامعات في العالم في مجال ادارة نظم الجودة وخاصة تطبيق المواصفة الدولية ISO 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية ISO 9004 التي اصبحت ميزة تنافسية تتسابق المؤسسات التعليمية الى تطبيقها , لهذا تأتي مشكلة البحث من خلال معرفة مدى التكامل بين متطلبات المواصفة الدولية الايزو 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية الايزو 9004 واثرهما في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية في الكليات الاهلية في العراق وكذلك وضع برنامج لتقييم وتطبيق متطلبات المواصفة الدولية الايزو 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية الايزو 9004 في كلية المأمون الجامعة , وهدفت الدراسة الى بناء نظام جودة مبني على اساس المواصفة الدولية ISO:9001 في الكليات الاهلية والمواصفة الارشادية ISO 9004 واعداد الادلة وهي دليل الجودة والاجراءات والتعليمات والوصف الوظيفي . واستند البحث الى فرضية رئيسة توجد علاقة ارتباط وتأثير معنوي للتكامل الاستراتيجي لمتغيرات (المواصفة الدولية ISO: 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية ISO:9004)في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية . وتوصلت الدراسة الى وجود علاقة ارتباط و تأثير بين التكامل الاستراتيجي لمتغيرات المواصفة الدولية ISO: 9001 والمواصفة الارشادية ISO:9004في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية مما يؤكد ان الكليات الاهلية يمكن ان تحقق الميزة التنافسية بأبعادها الجودة والكلفة المنخفضة ,والسرعة في تقديم الخدمة التعليمية والمرونة المطلوبة في التعامل مع التغيرات التي يمكن ان تحدث ,ومستوى التطور والابداع الذي يمكن ان تحققه الكليات الاهلية ومن ثم الوصول الى تحقيق النجاح المستدام وذلك من خلال تبني وتطبيق نظم ادارة الجودة . اما اهم التوصيات ان يكون هناك اقتناع من قبل ادارة الكليات الاهلية بتطبيق المواصفة ISO 9001 والمواصفة ISO 9004 ومشاركة جميع العاملين فيها في عملية اعداد ادلة الجودة والتعرف على مدى استعدادهم لتطبيق المواصفتين والتأكد من توافر الإمكانيات المادية و البشرية لغرض تطبيق ونشر ثقافة ومفهوم وفلسفة نظم ادارة الجودة والمواصفتين ISO9001:2008 وISO 9004 :2009 واجراء التدقيق الداخلي في تلك الكليات ومن ثم الاتصال بالجهات المانحة للشهادة لغرض التسجيل والحصول على الشهادة . Abstract Many organizations in different fields, both productive and service, seek to implement quality management systems and benefit from them, especially the integration between ISO 9001: 2008 and 9004: 2009, which is the best way to solve all the problems experienced by these organizations, and to reach the appropriate solutions through the participation of all employees in which the responsibility and follow the benchmarking achieved by the distinguished organizations, having adopted the quality management systems in the development of business strategies and improve performance, especially in products and the benefits of profit . Quality Management Systems (QMS) has been widely used in developing business strategies and improving organizations' performance in production and profitability . Thus, quality management systems in services, especially educational institutions, are taken by meeting the needs, wishes and expectations of the students and trying to satisfy them . Thus, private colleges need to apply quality management systems and upgrade the administrative and scientific process to the highest levels, and to reach the level of universities at developed countries by improving their operations and outputs . Despite the opportunities lost by private colleges, they are capable of efficient and effective scientific use of resources, especially human resources, which can contribute to improving scientific progress. As education in private colleges is an investment institution that aims to profit by learning , which is governed by scientific standards , so it was necessary to those colleges to catch up with the scientific developments witnessed by universities in the world in the management of quality systems, In particular the implementation of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004, which have become a competitive advantage for educational institutions to apply , Therefore, the problem of research comes through the knowledge to the extent of integration between the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 and their impact on achieving competitive advantage in the private universitis .Item مدخل تسويقي لخدمات التعليم العالى (دراسة حالة خريجي كلية التجارة بجامعة النيلين)(2004) سمية عثمان محمد عبدالقادرAbstract This Study was conducted to assess the standard/ performance of the graduates of the Fuculty of Commerce, Alnileen University from the Labor market point of view. That is through an input-output model developed especially to attain this purpose. . _ To attain the objective of‘ the study, both secondary and primary data were obtained and used. The secondary data were obtained from books, theses, reports, magazines and other relevant sources. The primary data were collected using questionnaire and discussion. The study used descriptive statistics for data analysis and management. The study reviews the literature on the concepts of marketing (i.e. marketing services), the higher education services, some models developed to study the labor market forces, labor markets, the current situation of the graduates of colleges of commerce, and the needs of the labor market for such graduates. . The main findings obtained from the study indicated that; the graduates standard/ performance are acceptable and need improvement, to attain this objective the Fuculty of Commerce must improve the teaching skills, provide the necessary teaching aids and improve educational environment (i.e. library, lecture rooms,..‘.etc.), to provide updated references and books instead of handout for the students. The study proposed some useful recommendations including; selection and recruitment of qualified staff who has graduated with excellent grades, adoption of semester system, curriculum development to meet the labor market needs, introduction of academic supervision, planning for admission to meet the requirements of the labor market needs (demand).Item دور البيئة الخارجية لمنشآت الأعمال في اتخاذ قرارات الاستثمار الأجنبي (بالتطبيق على الشركات متعددة الجنسيات العاملة في السودان)(2017) أحمد محمد أحمد محمدالمستخلص هدفت الدراسة لمعرفة دور عوامل البيئة الخارجية في اتخاذ قرارات الاستثمار الأجنبي ودوافع البلدان والشركات من توطين الاستثمارات الأجنبية خارج دولتها الأم، بالتطبيق على الشركات متعددة الجنسيات العاملة في السودان. لقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يوصف الظاهرة محل الدراسة وتفسيرها وتحديد الظروف والعلاقات التي توجد بين الوقائع وتحديد ومعرفة اتجاهاتها، واستخدمت الدراسة برنامج الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) لتحليل البيانات الأولية التي تم جمعها من مجتمع الدراسة بواسطة الاستبيان. تمثلت مشكلة البحث من سؤال أساسي: ما هو دور عوامل البيئة الخارجية في اتخاذ قرارات الاستثمار الأجنبي، تفرعت عنه ثلاثة أسئلة فرعية: 1/ ما هو أثر البيئة الخارجية وما تحويه من فرص ومخاطر على قرارات الاستثمار الأجنبي؟ 2/ ما هي دوافع الشركات لتوطين استثماراتها في الخارج؟ 3/ ما هي النتائج المرجوة من استقبال الدول المضيفة للاستثمارات الخارجية؟ لقد قامت الدراسة على ثلاثة فرضيات أساسية هي: 1- توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين بيئة الأعمال في السودان واتخاذ قرارات الاستثمار الأجنبي. 2- توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين بيئة الأعمال وتحقيق أهداف المستثمر الأجنبي. 3- توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين بيئة الأعمال في السودان وتحقيق الأهداف المرجوة من الاستثمار الأجنبي. لقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: 1/ إثبات صحة الفرضيات الثلاثة للدراسة. 2/ السياسات النقدية والمالية والنظام المصرفي وعملية تحويل الأرباح إلى الخارج وعدم الاستقرار السياسي والتشريعات الاستثمارية والعلاقة مع المؤسسات المالية العالمية أكثر العوامل تأثيراً على قرارات الاستثمار الأجنبي في السودان. 3/ أن البحث عن معدل فائدة اكبر من أهم الأسباب التي تدفع المستثمر الأجنبي لنقل استثماراته للخارج، تليه العوامل الاقتصادية الأخرى. 4/ تمركز استثمارات الشركات متعددة الجنسيات الأجنبية في السودان في القطاع الخدمي والصناعي على الرغم من أن السودان بلد زراعي. 5/ تنتمي جميع الشركات إلى بلدان عربية وشرق أوسطية وإفريقية دون وجود لشركات أمريكية وأوروبية. 6/ ضعف نسبة مساهمة الشريك المحلي في ملكية الأسهم بالشركات، مما يتيح للمستثمر الأجنبي السيطرة الكاملة على المشروع. ولقد أوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام أكثر بالسياسات المالية والنقدية والجهاز المصرفي، وضع آلية تساعد الشركات الأجنبية علي تحويل أرباحها للخارج من العملات الصعبة بدون التأثير علي كمية العملات الصعبة بالبلد ولضمان عدم استنزاف موارده الاقتصادية، إلزام الشركات الأجنبية بتوظيف الكفاءات المحلية في الوظائف القيادية العليا لضمان تمكنهم من صنع القرارات الإستراتيجية التي تتماشي مع مصلحة الدولة ولثقل خبراتهم، والاهتمام ببيئة الأعمال الدولية وتحسين العلاقات الاقتصادية والسياسية مع دول الاقتصاديات المتقدمة. Abstract This study aimed to examine the role of external environment factors in making foreign investment decisions and the motivation of countries and companies to settle foreign investments outside their country, by applying to multinational companies operating in Sudan. The study followed the analytical descriptive method, which describes the phenomenon under study, the definition of the circumstances and relationships that exist between the facts, and the identification and knowledge of their trends. The study used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program to analyze the primary data collected from the study population by questionnaire. The problem of research represented in fundamental question, namely the role of the external environment factors in making foreign investment decisions, which resulted in three sub-questions: 1\ What is the impact of the external environment and its opportunities and risks on foreign investment decisions? 2\ What are the motives of companies to settle their investments abroad? 3\ And what are the desired outcomes, from receiving host countries to foreign investments. The study was based on three basic hypotheses, they are: 1\ There is a statistically significant relationship between the business environment in Sudan and foreign investment decisions. 2\ There is a statistically significant relationship between the business environment and the objectives of the foreign investor. 3\ There is a statistically significant relationship between the business environment in Sudan and the achievement of the objectives of foreign investment. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: 1\ Validate the three study hypotheses. 2\ Monetary and financial policies and the banking system, the process of transferring profits abroad, political instability, investment legislation and the relationship with international financial institutions are the most influential factors on foreign investment decisions in Sudan. 3\ Looking for a higher rate of benefits is one of the most important reasons for a foreign investor to move his investments abroad, followed by other economic factors. 4\ The investments of foreign multinationals in Sudan are concentrated in the service and industrial sectors, although Sudan is an agricultural country. 5\ Low of the contribution of the local partner in the ownership of shares in companies, allowing the foreign investor full control of the project. The study recommended the following: 1\ More attention to financial and monetary policies and the banking system. 2\ Develop a mechanism that helps companies to transfer their profits to their home countries in hard currencies, without affecting the amount of these currencies in the country, and to ensure that its economic resources are not depleted. 3\ Obliging companies to employ local talent in senior leadership positions to enable them to make strategic decisions that are in line with the interest of the country, and to refine their expertise. 4\ To take care of the international business environment and to improve economic and political relations with advanced economiesItem تقويم أداء الاسواق المالية دراسة مقارنة بين سوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية وسوق الدوحة للأوراق المالية(2003) ايمن محمود زكريا مصطفى سلامةABSTRACT The researh tackles the evaluation of the performance of Khartoum stock Market Compared with the Doha stock Marker. The problem that the the study deals with is mainly the deterioration of the rates of savings and the weakness of transactions in the markt and the lack of awareness of the importance of the stock market and the lack of a unified criterian for the declaration of information. The research indude the following four hypotheses: 1- Banks and Investment Companies are considered the largest sectors participating in the stock market. 2- Increase of awareness of the importance in the stock exchange markets attracts investors to deal with the stock market. 3- The decrease of inflation rates encourages investors to transact in the stock market. 4- The declaration of information using standard criterion fosters the understanding of the investors of the standing of the companies and accordingly will choose the optimum shares. The main objective of the research is to analyze the performance of the Khartoum stock Exchange market and to Compare it with that of the Doha stock Exchange Market during the years 1997 - 2000 so as to benefit fiom the strengths in the Doha stock Market. The research methodology Follows the historical method and reviews the historical development of both markets. The descriptive method “case study” is also chosen. with concentration on the Khartoum stock Exchange Market. The research reaches a number of results of which is that both of the Khartoum. Stock Market and the Doha stock Market encourage savings and foster development of awareness and prepare a conductive environment for the investment in stocks. The Khartoum stock market played a major role in enhancing and fostering the understanding of the importance of the stock market through advertising by the media. ln 1997, the transactions in stocks increased considerably due to the decrease in inflation rates to 30% Compared to 166% in 1996. This means that the decrease in inflation rates encourages investors to invest in stocks. The Companies listed in the stock market declare their information differently. This Complicates the access of customers to these information and accordingly makes it difficult for them to make the appropriate decisions. The researcher thinks that it is necessary to introduce a Lmified model for the declaration of information in the stock Exchange Market. The banking sector in both markets ranked first or second whether for the volume of exchange, or the nmnber of shares exchanged, or the number of contracts executed. This means that the active transactions in the market are mostly led by the banking sector. There is also a clear improvement in the performance of the Khartoum stock Exchange Market during the period 1997 - 2000 Whether in the primary market or in the secondary one. As for the Doha Market there is an improvement in the perfonnance of the secondary market for the years 1997 - 1999 However the year 2000 had witnessed les performance. The primary market had witnessed a continuos deterioration in each year compared to the pen/ious years 1 2000 is less than 1999, which is less than 1998, which is less than 1997. These results prove that the hypotheses are right save recommendations are suggested the most important of which are to adopt the unified madel suggested by the researcher and to establish more financial institutions as infrastructure for the market, in particular investment funds. Also the adoption of fiscal and monitory policies that will help reduce the rate of inflation. Furthennore, the conduct of annual firms for the stock companies and the development of the Khartoum stock market from a local market to an international one through admitting the foreign companies to transact in the market according to the laws and manuals.