Masters theses : Agricultural
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Item Effect of Various Sodium Saline Concentrations on Some Selected Agricultural Crops, Germination and Development(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2020-12) Mansour Eltyeb Ali AhmedAbstract: The study was conducted during May 2018, in botany laboratory and nursing at Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Science – Al-neelain University, and included three selected crops, namely (Zea mays , Cajanus cajan and Cucumis meleo var. chate), sowed in three types of agricultural media (Virgin soil – from Faculty of Agriculture– Al-neelain University, clay from Blue Nile and pure cotton). Seeds of these selected crops were treated by three sodium salts via: (Nacl, NaHco3 and Na2co3) applied as nutrient solutions with four degrees of concentrations to each :( 0.5ppm, 1.0ppm, 1.5ppm and 2.0ppm). The present experiment was carried out with the aim to study the effect of various sodium saline on some plant species germination and growth and to estimate the suitable concentration degrees to germinate and cultivate these crops, the parameters measured included seed germination percentage, plant growth development. The results showed that there were highly significant (p≤0.001) in leave numbers, plant length and moisture content with species and concentrations, significant (p≤0.05) in fresh and dry weight with species and showed high significant (p≤0.01) in fresh weight and no significant (p≤0.1) in dry weight with concentration. There were also high significant in leaves and length, significant in fresh weight and no significant in dry weight and moisture content in salt. In the media the leave numbers showed a significant difference and there are no significant differences in other parameters. The study recommends that further investigations should be carried out to assess the availability and suitability to germinate crops successfully. المستخلص أجريت هذه الدراسة خلال شهر مايو 2018م في كل من (معمل النبات والمشتل) بكلية التقانة الزراعية وعلوم الأسماك – جامعة النيلين ، شملت الدراسة ثلاثة محاصيل (ذرة شامية ، عدسية ،عجور). تمت زراعتها في ثلاثة أنواع من الأوساط الزراعية هي (تربة عزراء – من كلية الزراعة - جامعة النيلين ، قريرة – من النيل الازرق، قطن نقي). بذور هذه المحاصيل المختارة عوملت بواسطة ثلاثة املاح صوديوم هي (كلوريد الصوديوم, بيكربونات الصوديوم و كربونات الصوديوم) تمت اضافتها كمحاليل تغذية بأربعة درجات تركيز لكل ملح (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.0 ppm). تم إجراء هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة تأثير أملاح صوديوم مختلفة علي إنبات ونمو بعض أنواع النبات لتقدير درجات التركيز المناسبة لزراعة هذه المحاصيل، القياسات التي تم اخذها شملت نسبة انبات البذور و موشرات نموها. لقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فرقا معنويا عاليا (p≤0.001) في عدد الاوراق و طول النبات والمحتوى الرطوبي مع أنواع النبات و التراكيز و فرق معنوي (p≤0.05) في الوزن الرطب و الجاف مع أنواع النبات كما أظهرت فرق معنوي عالي (p≤0.01) في الوزن الرطب و لم يوجد فرق معنوي في الوزن الجاف مع التراكيز. وجدت كذلك فروقات معنوية عالية في عدد الاوراق و طول النبات , فرق معنوي في الوزن الرطب و لم يوجد فرق معنوي في الوزن الجاف و المحتوى الرطوبي مع نوع الملح. مع أنواع الاوساط الزراعية عدد الاوراق أظهر اختلافا معنويا و لم تظهر أي فروقات معنوية في القياسات الاخرى. توصي الدراسة بمزيد من الأبحاث التي يجب أن تجرى في هذا المجال لتقييم مدى الامكانية والصلاحية لإنبات المحاصيل بصورة ناجحة.Item Diversity and cross inoculation abilities amongrhizobia isolated from different guar (C yamobsistetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) lines(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2003-10) Maha Abdel hafeez Mohamed/\ hstract Ten R/1/zu/uiini lSUlillCs were isolated Iroin the root nodules olltcn guar lines. The isolates were authenticated each with ills respective host (line) of isolation. Cross-inoculation experiments revealed a wide range in the degree of line-isolate efliciency. The majority of guar lilies benefited from R/7/3!)/HIIIH inoculation. This was rellected in the high shoot dry weight and nitrogen content produced by the inoculated plants as compared to their respective non-inoculated controls. l\/licroscopical and biochemical characterization showed that all tested isolates were last growing, inicroaerophilic, acid producing, catalase and oxidase positive, they donlt absorb congo red, and were unable to grow on Glucose Pepton Agar (GPA). The isolates did not utilize citrate or ornithine and were also unable to produce HZS, lndole_ Acetoin or 3- ketolactose. All isolates were able to utilize most olthe tested carbohydrates as sole carbon sources and were also able to tolerate high salinity level (up to I92 gill), /\ntibiotic sensitivity tests showed a wide range oi‘ variations among the isolates. However, all tested isolates were lound to be resistant to Tetracycline and Ampicilin. Serologically, all isolates cross- agglutinated with each other indicating close serological alillinities among them. Summing up _ cluster analysis have separated the isolates into four groups that have included the following isolates: l- Group l: isolates /\22_ B4_ E51 l'l 5 and lll5. 2- Group ll: isolates D30 and ll2. 3- Group lll: isolate G7. 4- Group V: isolates C33 and lll5. i\ l ZItem Production performance of Damascus goats as affected by stage of lactation at first kidding under Sudan conditions(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2011-03) NADIA MAHMOUD AWADALLaProduction performance of Damascus goats as affected by stage of lactation at first kidding under Sudan conditions Nadia Mahmoud Awad Alla Mahmoud M. Sc. Dairy Production Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate colostrum composition, milk yield and milk composition of Damascus goats raised under Sudan condition. Thirteen Damascus goats at their first parity were studied for 9 months (March — November 2009). The lactation period was divided into three stages viz: early (2“d - 9"‘ weeks), mid (l0‘h ~ 17m weeks) and late (18“‘ - 35"‘ weeks). Colostrum was collated and examined during the first three days. Milk yield and milk composition were collected and estimated on weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Other estimated traits were age of dams at first mating and kidding, body weight of the dams at first kidding, lactation length, kid's birth, body weight of kids at 2"‘! and 3’d months. The flock was maintained on a concentrate mix plus adlibital access to roughages of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), groundnut haulms and fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) variety Abu Sabeen. All milk constituents (protein, protein fractions, total solids and ash) were significantly (P< 0.05) high in the first day of colostrum, and then decreased sharply in the second day, with the exception of fat content which was more stable. The mean B-lactoglobulin content of colostrum was significantly (P<0.05) high in day l (2.0lmg/lO00g) then decrease sharply in day 2 (0.446 mg/l000g). Milk yield revealed significantly (P<0.05) higher level in the early lactation stage (1.34 L), then it decreased gradually until the end of lactation (0.96 L). The milk composition (total protein 3.59 %, casein 2.87 %, whey protein 0.72 %, — albumin 0.19 mg1000g, [3-lactoglobulin 0.27 mg/lOO0g, total solids 13.49 % and solids not fat 9.1 1 %) were higher during the early stage of lactation. Then were decreased (P>0.05) during the mid lactation stage (total protein 3.27 %, casein 2.60 %, whey protein 0.65 %, albumin 0.15 mg/l000g, [3-lactoglobulin 0.24 mg/1000g, total solids 12.25 % and solids not fat 8.40 %), and increased gradually during the late stage of lactation. The fat, lactose and ash content showed non significant differences during the different stages of lactation, whereas, all chemical constituents showed significantly (P<0.05) higher levels in the colostrum than in milk samples and showed reduction with progress of lactation. in conclusion, Damascus goats can be raised in Sudan with acceptable production, and the different stages of lactation affected their milk yield and milk composition. Hence, it is recommended that research is needed conceming different parities, nutritional needs and general heath under Sudan conditions. _ _Item extending the shelf - life of meat by integrated methods of preservation and drying(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2011-05) howida elkheir ibrahim musaABSTRACT This study was carried out to develop suitable methods for preservation of meat using traditional methods and some food additives. Shelf-life of dried meat was studied through chemical, physical and microbiological analysis. The meat was obtained from top round cuts bulls from commerical meats in Kafure area, khartoum North. The meat was treated using additives: spices (coriender), salt and edible oil. The meat was dehydrated by different methods: sun drying for 3 days, sun drying for 7 days, shade drying for 3 days and shade drying for 7 days. Meat slices were analysed chemically, physically and biologically during dehydration period. Afier drying slices were ground and stored at room temperature, and analysis were carried out immediately after drying for 7 days and then afier 3 and 6 months of storage and chemical, physical and microbiological analysis were carried out. The results indicated that meat dehydrated by sun had lower moisture content than that dehydrated by shade. On the other hand crude protein, fat, and ash were found to increase with period of drying in sun and shade. The study also showed that the edible oil was best choice than salt and spice for meat treatment. with regard to numbers and types of microorganisms. Increasing in storage period of dehydrated meat had a decreasing effect on moisture content, and appearant inreasing in crude protien, fat and ash, was observed. Total viable bacterial count of dehydrated meat decreased slightly during storage period but the count of colifomis bacteria and E.coIi in all dehydrated and treated meats decreased with increasing of storage time. Moulds were found to increase only in meat treated by spices during the storage, while yeasts were absent in all methods of dehydration.Item Effect of different dryers system on Proximate Chemical Composition, and Sensory Evaluation of Dried Clarias sp Meat(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2010-04) Mohaned Ahmed Sidahmed MohamedABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the quality and physical characteristics (chemical proximate and sensory analysis) of dried fish (Cat fish, Q} gg) flesh. Three drying methods were used in this study open air and solar tents (plastic sheet and the other from mosquito net). Before drying, the slices of fish flesh were soaked in 25% salt solution for l hour. The chemical composition results of moisture, protein, fat, and ash content of the samples were found 4.55-5.95%, 52.65-61.75%, 6.8-7.95%, and 8.1-8.85% respectively. The proximate analysis showed that there were no significantly different (P< 0.05) in moisture, dry matter and ash among the three samples, but the protein and fat contents were significantly different (P< 0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that there were no significant differences (P< 0.05) among the studied fish samples. The color values ofthe open air, plastic sheet and mosquito net samples were about 6.17, 6.67, and 6.67 respectively. Texture values recorded 6.33for mosquito net drying followed by 6.17 for plastic sheet tent drying and 5.58 for open air drying. Flavour values scored were start by 6.58 for plastic sheet, 5.58 for mosquito net and 5.42 for open air. Juiciness results were 4.33 for mosquito net, 4.25 for open air and 4.l7 for plastic sheet. There were no significant differences for sensory evaluation (P< 0.05). However, dried fish (Clczrias §_Q) using plastic sheet tent system in drying had achieved highest results among the studied fish. IIIItem Effect of Feeding diffeent levels decorticated Cajanus cajan seeds on broiler performance as a replacement of sesame cake(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2005-09) El Hafiz Abd-El Rahman HassanAbstract This study was conducted to assess the performance of broiler birds fed on decorticated Cajanus cajan (C. c) as a replacer to sesame cake. The study was conducted on deep litter in open houses pens at El Neelain Poultry Farm at Jebel Awlia during the period from 4'“ May to 22nd June 2005. 200 unsexed (Ross) broiler chicks were randomly distributed into batches of 40 birds per batch per dietary treatment. Birds were divided in to 4 replicates of 10 for each treatment of the five rations. Acontrol plus 4 rations containing 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of C.c. were fed. Parameters studied were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight again, livebody weight, dressed weight, edible parts weights, serum proteins and the economic appraisal. 12% incorporation followed by 9% gave the best results in all parameters studied. Serum proteins and ALT (Alanine Amino Interferase) were within normal levels indicating no ill health or diviation from normal. The economic appraisal showed that 12% followed by 9% gave the least cost per Kg of broiler meat. vm The study concluded that broiler birds can perform well and survive healthy when fed C.c. up to 12% incorporation in the ration. This supports the assumption that decortication improves feeding efficiency and performance of Cajanus cajan.Item The Effect Of Vitamin C On The Growth Performances Of Tilapia(AL-Neelain University, 2018) Abd alhlim Abd alla Zakaria Abd allaThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect ofvitamin C (Ascorbic Acid, AA) on growth and feeding parameters, carcass composition and survival rate of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). The experiment was conducted in the fish farm of faculty of Agricultural technology and fish sciences, Department of fish sciences, Al Neelian University, during (january to May 2017). Four semi purified diets supplemented with 0 (control treatment), 50, 100, and 150 vitamin C mg/kg/diat (treatment /\, B, C and D respectively) dry diet that were fed to tilapia fry (3.96g) in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, growth and feeding parameters, carcass composition and survival rate of fries were evaluated. The results indicated that there are increasing in the weight gain rate (11.70, 11.40, 11.50, and 12.80)g, respectively, for fish fed diets O, 50, 100, and 150 vitamin C mg/kg. There was no statistical difference in Feed conversation ratio (FCR), Wight gain (WG) and other performance (p20.05). It was observed significant difference in survival rate between the control treatment and the other treatments and there is other difference in carcass composition between the control treatment and other treatments (pZ0.05). The fish fed diets with out vitamin C it was observed some deficiency symptoms, scales erosion and caudal fin erosion. We recommend the dose of 150 mg kg-l of vitamin C to the dict 0| Nile tilztpia, which indicated high growth rutc (12.80g).Item EFFECT of FEEDING TREATED BANANA WASTE on PERFORMANCE and CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS of SUDANSES DESERT SHEEP(Al-Neelain University, 2018) Limia Abd Ellatif Abd ElraheemABSTRACT This study was conducted to study the effect of different level of treated banana waste as dietary fatting on performance and carcass of Sudanese desert sheep Hammari ecotype lamb. Three experimental diets were used. Diets A contained 0% treated banana waste diets B and C contained 5% and 10% banana waste treated level respectively. Twenty seven Sudanese lambs (desert sheep Hammari ecotype) were utilized in this study. The lambs were randomly divided into three experimental groups with an average initial weight of 21.06 kg. Following an adaptation period of two weeks, each lamb group was offered one of the experimental diets for a feeding period of 45 days, during which feedlot performance was monitored. Finally three experimental lambs from each group were selected randomly, slaughtered and carcass characteristics, meat chemical composition and meat quality attributes were recorded. Results revealed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in daily live weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and external body measurements . Dietary treated banana waste produced no significant (P<0.05) effect on carcass characteristics as well as hot dressing percentages. Yield of wholesale cuts was also not significantly (P<0.05) effected by the introduction of the treated banana waste levels. Generally all non carcass components weights were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by the level of the dietary treated banana waste except rumen full which was higher in group B which was raised on the lower level of the dietary banana treated. Meat moisture and Ash increased with increased level of the dietary treated banana waste but fat increased with decreased level of the dietary treated banana waste and protein content decreased with increased level of the tested feed. Meat quality attributes showed that increased water holding capacity with increased level of the dietary treated banana waste. pH decreased with the increased level of the dietary treated banana waste and cooking loss was raised , while measured rib eye area percentage increased with increased level of the dietary treated banana waste. الخلاصة هُدفت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة اثر مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في علائق التسمين على معدل النمو وإستهلاك الغذاء وكفاءة تحويله ونسبة التصافي ومكونات جسد الذبيحة وإنتاج القطع التجارية وايضا التحليل الكيميائي والفيزيائي للحوم الضان الصحراوى( الحمري) تضمن البحث تجربة أدخل فيها مخلفات الموز المعامل بنسب (0%،5% و10%) فى ثلاثه علائق تتساوى فى مقدار الطاقة والبروتين لتسمين سبعة وعشرين رأساً من حملان الضان الحمري. ومن نفس الوزن الأبتدائى.قسمت الحيوانات عشوائيا الي ثلاثة مجموعات ذات وزن ابتدائى متساوى21.06 كجم. تمت التغذية لمدة 45 يوم تم فيها رصد بيانات الآداء كالغذاء المستهلك و الوزن المكتسب و معدل التحويل الغذائى . كما تم أخذ قياسات الجسم الخارجية عند بداية و نهاية التجربة. أيضا فى ختام التجربة تم ذبح ثلاثة حملان من كل مجموعة و تم تسجيل بيانات الذبيحة. تم ذبح ثلاثة حملان من كل مجموعة و تم تسجيل مواصفات و مكونات الذبيحة و خصائص جودة اللحم. أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود أثراً معنوى (P>0.05) فى زيادة الوزن اليومى بين المعاملات الغذائية وأيضاً ليس هنالك أثر معنوى ((P>0.05 لاستهلاك العلف اليومى والكفاءة التحويلة للغذاء أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود اثر معنوي ((P>0.05 في قياسات اجزاء جسم الحيوان اظهرت هذه الدراسة عدم وجود اثر معنوي ((P>0.05 في نسبة التصافي للحوم الحملان كما لايوجد فرق احصائي في نسب وزن قطع اللحم التجارية بمختلف مستويات مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقة كما اظهرت الدراسة ايضا عدم وجود فرق معنوي في مكونات جسد الذبيحة بينما اظهرت نسبة المعده الممتلئة فرقا معنويا ((P>0.05 فى المجموعة التى كانت تتغذى على اعلى مستوى من مخلفات الموز المعامل. اما نتائج التحليل الكيميائي للحوم الحيوانات التي علفت بمستويات مختلفة من مخلفات الموز المعامل كانت كالاتي: زيادة نسبة الرطوبة والرماد بزيادة مستوي مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقة كما ان الدهون زادت بنقصان مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقه اما البروتين انخفض بزيادة مستوى الموز المعامل في العليقه. كما اظهرت الدراسة زيادة نسبة قابلية حمل الماء بزيادة مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقه ونسبة الفاقد من الماء اثناء الطبخ متساويه في جميع مستويات العليقه ويقل الاس الهيدروجيني بزيادة مستوى مخلفات الموز المعامل في العليقه وزيادة قياس العضلة العينية بزيادة مستوى الموز المعامل في العليقة.Item EFFECT of FEEDING TREATED BAGASSE on PERFORMANCE and CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS of SUDANESE DESERT SHEEP(Al-Neelain University, 2018-09) Lubna Hago Ibrahim ElzubierABSTRACT The present study was conducted to detect the effect of different levels of treated bagasse on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Sudanese desert lambs. Treated bagasse was enriched with molasse and urea and calcium carbonate (Atron) and ensiled for one month. The treated baggase was chemically analyzed and according by three iso-caloric, iso-nitrogenous experimental diets were prepared. These diets contained different levels of treated bagasse (0%, 15% and 30%) respectively. Twenty seven Sudanese desert lambs (Hammari ecotype) with similar age ( less than one year ) and similar average initial weight of 21.3 kg were randomly divided into three experimental groups and used in feeding trials for 45 days following an adaptation period of two weeks. Each lamb group was offered one of the experimental diets. Feedlot performance data such as feed intake,weight gain and FCR. External body measurements were taken at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Finally three random by selected lambs from each group were slaughtered According to Islamic traditions, carcass and non carcass components Weighted and recorded. Results obtained showed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in feedlot performance, non carcass components and external body Measurements among the different treatment groups of Sudanese desert lambs fed different levels of treated bagasse Different levels of treated bagasse produced no significant (P<0.05) effect on carcass characteristics, dressing percentages, yield of wholesale cuts, and meat chemical composition. However meat moisture and ash content increased with increased level of the treated bagasse never the less but fat content was increased, Protein content was decreased with increased level of the treated bagasse. Meat physical properties showed that as the inclusion of treated bagasse Increased water holding capacity, cooking loss and measured rib eye area percentage increased. however meat PH was decreased with the increased level of treated bagasse . الخلاصة أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير البقاس المعامل باليوريا و العطرون و الطمر في علائق التسمين على معدل النمو وإستهلاك الغذاء وكفاءة تحويله ونسبة التصافي ومكونات جسد الذبيحة وإنتاج القطع التجارية وايضا التحليل الكيميائي والفيزيائي للحوم الحملان الصحراوية السودانية ( النوع الحمرى). استخدم سبعة و عشرون حمل من النوع الحمري بنفس العمر ( أقل من عام) ومن نفس الوزن الأبتدائى.قسمت الحيوانات عشوائيا الي ثلاثة مجموعات ذات وزن ابتدائى متساوى (21.3كجم). تمت معاملة البقاس بالمولاس و اليوريا و العطرون وتم الطمر لمدة شهر فى باطن الأرض . و بعد اخراجه من الأرض تم طحنه و تحليله و بناءا على هذا التحليل تم تكوين ثلاثة علائق متساوية الطاقة و البروتين و مختلفه فى محتواها من البقاس المعامل ( 0% ، 51% و 30%) . وزعت هذه العلائق على مجموعات الحملان الثلاثة . تمت التغذية لمدة 45 يوم تم فيها رصد بيانات الآداء كالغذاء المستهلك و الوزن المكتسب و معدل التحويل الغذائى . كما تم أخذ قياسات الجسم الخارجية عند بداية و نهاية التجربة. أيضا فى ختام التجربة تم ذبح ثلاثة حملان من كل مجموعة و تم تسجيل بيانات الذبيحة. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية فى الغذاء المستهلك و الوزن المكتسب و معدل التحويل الغذائى و قياسات الجسم الخارجية و بيانات المكونات الأخرى غير الذبيحة لمجموعات الحملان الثلاثة. ايضا أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية فى نسبة التصافي و وزن قطع اللحم التجارية و مكونات جسد الذبيحة بينما أظهرت نسبة الإمعاء الممتلئة فرقا معنويا ((P>0.05 فى المجموعة التى كانت تتغذى على أعلى مستوى من البقاس المعامل. اما نتائج التحليل الكيميائي للحيوانات التي علفت بمستويات مختلفة من البقاس المعامل كانت كالاتي: زيادة نسبة الرطوبة والبروتين والدهون وانخفاض نسبة الرماد بزيادة مستوي البقاس المعامل في العليقة. كما اظهرت الدراسة زيادة قابلية حمل الماء ونسبة الفاقد من الماء اثناء الطبخ والاس الهيدروجيني وإنخفاض مساحة العضلة العينية بزيادة مستوى البقاس المعامل في العليقة.Item Some Biological Observations on Rearing of Oreochromis niloticus in cage culture system at Gezera Irrigation Canals and the White Nile, Sudan.(AL-Neelain University, 2013) Sana yagoub abdallaThis study was carried out at two sites, namely Mabroka farm ponds in the Gezera irrigation canals (G.I.C), and Gebel Awlia reservoir of the White Nile (W.N). The study was conducted during the period January 2012 to March 2012, for rearing Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) of average size 20.6 grams. Fixed and floated cages were designed and used for determining the fish growth rates and production functions under (mixed sexes) system. The fingerlings were stocked at a density of 50 fingerlings /m’ and were fed with commercial diet containing 33% crude protein at a rate of 3% of their body weight per day for 120 days. The results indicate that there are significant effects (p<0.05) on the survival, growth, and food conversion ratio of these fingerlings between the White Nile waters and Gezera irrigation canal waters. Fish growth increased, was high at W.N and it is significantly different fiom that obtained at G.I.C (p <0.05) of values 45.4 and 40.2 grams respectively. Also there was significant effects (p<0.05) on food conversion rate (F CR) of values 2.7 and 3.7 in the same order as well as the difference in average body weight gained (23.6 and 20.8 g). Also the calculated feed cost for one kg body weight gain is of values 4.1 and 5.6 SDG. The economic efficiency is 562% and 526% for the two sites respectively. While the survival rate of fish in White Nile was 90% and in the Irrigation canal was 99.7%. The statistical analysis of water parameters indicates that no significant differences (p>0.05) in water temperature, transparency, and pH values, but a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in current speed between the two sites. In conclusion, the rearing of O. niloticus fingerlings as mixed sexes at White Nile has faster growth rate, higher production, and better feed efficiency than those grown in ponds with water coming from Gezera irrigation canal.