دراسات اقتصادية - دكتوراة
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Item تحليل قياسي لكفاءة إستخدام التمويل الزراعي وأثره على الإقتصاد القومي السوداني(جامعة النيلين, 2006) سعد عبدالله سيد أحمد الكرامAbstract The thesis is primarily concerned with the impacts of financing on the agricultural sector of the Sudan in regard with the fact that this sector is a major and, crucial for economic activities in the country. The sector provides jobs for more than 70% of the population and raw materials for domestic industries. However, the thesis argues that the financing problems should not be insulated from the contemporary domestic and international political and socioeconomic conditions. Two major aspects are cardinal in this analysis: (1) the macroeconomic conditions and restructuring programs‘ as combined with the major targets of ~the agricultural policies, development efforts and investments in sub sectors and (2) analysis, interpretations and assessment of the present financing's paradigms in order to coalesce cultivated areas, value of the productivity, product, and the other production factors on the demand for finance. Moreover, it is also important to correlate input-output relationships to approximate possibilities for horizontal and vertical expansions. All this comes under the present administrative, technical impediments, organizational structural and the weaknesses of the financial systems in the Sudan. The Sheil system still prevails and extracts most surpluses of the famler's income who may even be unable to cover basic cost. In addition, taxation sequesters the leftovers and contributes more to sufferings. That is reflected on all the agricultural sub sectors, e.g., irrigated, rainfed and traditional. In order to verify such hypotheses the analysis too field samples from all those sub sectors and first conducted descriptive analysis that was followed a quantitative_ one. The data were obtained through extensive questionnaires for selected areas presumed to represent the Sudanese agricultural sector. An econometric approach based on linear model was built to contain all crucial variables and was tested by using ordinary least squares where agricultural finance represented the dependant variable. The estimated regression equation revealed that the most important is cultivated area whereas increasing it increases demand for finance by 2357 Dinars. The other tested factors, agricultural product, revenue where 1.201 and 0.858, respectively. From the questionnaires data it was concluded that are three major sources for financing; (1) self-finance (84%), (2) the formal sectors and Banks (12%) and (3) the informal sector (4%). The thesis however, expressively proves that despite of the other problems of agriculture such as irregular irrigation in irrigated farming, the continuing increases cost of agricultural inputsand decreased productivity, the scarcity of formal financing is the main determinant factor. Its impacts are reflected in all the agricultural parameters, e.g., cultivated area, operations and productivity. The recommendations detailed in the thesis are centered on an amelioration ofthe formal agricultural financing and a rehabilitation of the of loans systems. Moreover. a reformation of the present and overwhelming short-termed loans approach to expansions of the medi__t_nn and long term loans which should be guaranteed by stronger collaterals such as land that has a strong background of deeds granted by the state ln addition, a reconsideration of the present interest rates is necessitated and should be built on a wide-based research with primary perceptions ol‘ reviving the agricultural sector.Item اثر الضمانت المصرفية علي التمويل الزراعي للجمعيات التعاونية في الفترة من 1987 -2000م : دراسة حالة البنك الزراعي السوداني(جامعة النيلين, 2004) ادريس شنقراي محمد ادريسAbstract The Agricultural Bank of Sudan is considered as the backbone of rural development as it promotes the agricultural sector. At the same time co-operative societies play an important role in human beings life. There is no doubt that banking guarantees are the most important factors that make the banking system successful because there is no other source to save and maintain money. The importance of this subject encouraged the researcher to pay attention to this topic. This research focuses on the study and evaluation of banking guarantees experienced by diverting co-operative societies in order to know the obstacles, which restiict the co-operative vital role. Also, it restricts finance of these co-operative societies in order to achieve the desired goals. The researcher has come out with the following assumptions: — ' 1- Banking guarantees are the main reasons that make banking and financial institutions neglect agricultural co-operative societies. 2- Banking guarantees obstacle develop finance and affect the banking system The weakness of guarantees leads to finance being invariable and hence this will have negative effects on the resources, a situation which negatively affects the agricultural finance to co-operative societies. _ The researcher has used the comprehensive system and the statistical method in the normative approach, as well as the historical deductive and comparative approach. This research concentrates on the importance and the concept of banking finance as well as banking guarantees. Also, it focuses on the purpose of evaluation and exploring the co-operative systems in terms of definition as well as economic and social impotence. Besides, it looks into the development and evaluation of cc-operative societies relating to the Agricultural Bank of Sudan. The researcher has come to the following main points, as conclusions: l- Banking guarantees obstacles development of finance. 2- It leads to a shortage in the capital of co-operative societies. The researcher recommends the following: - l-Sufficient fmance should be available for the co-operative societies 2.A fund should be allotted for agricultural co-operative societies. 3.Co-operative market crops should be created by Agricultural bank of Sudan in order to facilitate marketing, and to make the means of production available.