المقالات العلمية - كلية الزراعة

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    RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS TO DIETARY MORINGA SEEDS AND ZIGBIR AS NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTERS
    (2014) MOHAMED ELAMIN AHMED; Talha ELsadig Abbas
    Abstract- In a 42-day experiment the effect of moringa seeds and Zigbir on growth performance and carcass characteristics was studied. One hundred twenty, 1day-old, unsexed Ross 308 broilers were purchased from commercial hatchery. The initial live body weight of the chick was (47.00 g ±0.67). The chicks were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments containing 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Starter and finisher experimental diets consisted of control, 0.04% zigbir, 0.5% undecorticated moringa seeds UDCM and 0.5% decorticated moringa seeds DCM. Data were analyzed in completely randomized design using the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and PER were not significantly (P≥0.05) influenced by dietary treatments except feed intake during starter phase. Dietary moringa seeds both decorticated or undecorticated significantly (P≤0.05) reduced feed intake during starter phase compared to control and zigbir supplemented groups. However, DCM seeds improved overall body weight gain by 5.58, 5.78 and 10.43%, when compared to control, Zigbir and UDCM seeds group, respectively. During all growth phases, the performance of birds fed dietary zigbir was not significantly (P≥0.05) different versus control. On the other hand relative weight of breast was significantly (P≤0.05) higher for birds fed DCM seeds compared to the others. It was concluded that supplementation of DCM seeds improved growth performance of the broilers.
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    Poultry meat quality and welfare as affected by organic production system
    (2015) Talha ELsadig Abbas; Mohamed Elamin Ahmed
    Abstract: Most of consumers preferring organic food accompanied emerge of environmental awareness in the last decades. Organic production system is considered as an important solution for the environment problems because it improves sustainable agriculture by using organic compounds and avoiding synthetic chemical ones, restricting intensive production and making the entire chain of production under control. Therefore, it is encouraged and supported by environmental protection agencies in spite of the higher production cost of organic production compounds. Due to its higher production cost most producers prefer intensive systems because they focus on reducing cost and increasing production regardless of environmental degradation. Organic poultry system usually mentioned with free-range system and poultry welfare. That is because all organic systems are free-range. Organic system gets a lot of attention of animal welfare organizations because it assists birds to express normal behavior by offering plenty space. Organic or free-range system by some modifications and developing of the system regarding good management of its environment in addition to establishment of biosecurity measures it could considered as a suitable system for human, poultry and environment rather than intensive system because it achieves human health by avoiding dangerous remainders in food such as chemical residues, and for poultry by offering good welfare and health, and also to environment by improving sustainable agriculture.
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    Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Dietary Lysine
    (2014) Mohamed E. Ahmed; Talha E. Abbas
    The effect of feeding different levels of dietary lysine (100%, 110% and 120% of NRC 1994 recommendations) was evaluated in the current study. These levels were included in broiler starter and finisher diets. A completely randomized experimental design was used. Feed intake and body weight gain in broilers receiving 110% of NRC 1994 lysine, were significantly (P≤0.05) increased versus control. However, feeding 120% lysine significantly (P≤0.05) decreased feed intake. Body weight gain was not different (P≥0.05) among broilers fed control diet and 120% lysine. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly (P≥0.05) different among dietary lysine levels. There was no significant (P≥0.05) effect of dietary lysine levels on dressing percentage, relative weight of gizzard and liver. However, relative weight of abdominal fat decreased significantly in broilers received 110% and 120% of NRC lysine. It was concluded that offering 110% of NRC lysine to broiler chicks enhanced feed intake and body weight gain, but supplying of dietary lysine to broiler chicks above this level might decrease feed intake. Addition of 110% and 120% NRC lysine to broiler diet declines relative weight of abdominal fat.
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    Formulation of Poultry Diet to Improve Immune Response: A Review
    (2017) Mohamed E. Ahmed
    Early in the past, poultry diet was mainly formulated to meet maintenance and production requirements, so the focus was on productive performance, and health of birds expected to be involved within these requirements. Thereafter the use of antibiotics as feed additives at subtherapeutic dose was introduced to increase productivity by reducing bacterial colony count in the gut and improving gut equilibrium. That means more concern about health of birds. Recently, arises of poultry welfare concern in addition to the ban of the use of antibiotics as feed additives by European Union from 2006, rushed producers and nutritionists into more concentration on health of birds and immunity when they formulate poultry diets. Hence two ways were adopted to improve bird health and immunity by feed formulation without supplementation of antibiotics as growth promoters. The first one is by using antibiotic alternatives as growth promoters. The other one, which emerges recently, is formulation of feed to meet the needs of cells of the immune system. This means studying its needs for nutrients such as protein, energy, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. There is also, feeding of infected birds when the diet should be formulated in a way to avoid exacerbating the condition by feeding microorganisms and help them to proliferate. This review aims to discuss the role of nutrients and feed formulation in improving poultry health and immunity either through meeting requirements of cells of the immune system or through antibiotic alternatives supple
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    Effects of Dietary Levels of Methionine on Broiler Performance and Carcass Characteristics
    (2011) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Talha E. Abbas
    Abstract: The present experiment was carried out to determine the effect of dietary methionine levels higher than NRC recommendation on broiler performance and carcass traits. Four dietary levels of methionine 0, 100, 120 and 130% of NRC recommendation were used. Dietary levels of methionine, expressed as percentage of NRC recommendations, significantly (p<0.05) affected feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). Feed intake was numerically improved with 110 and 130% of NRC methionine, but was not improved by 120% NRC methionine. Body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) improved by 110 and 130% of NRC methionine compared to the control. The broiler chicks on methionine higher than NRC showed significant (p<0.05) increase in absolute and relative weight of breast and significant (p<0.05) decrease in abdominal fat.
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    Effect of supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks diet on the performance and carcass quality
    (2010) Talha E. E. Abbas; Mohamed E. Ahmed
    Abstract- The research was conducted to examine the effects of supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks’ diet on the performance and carcass quality. A total of 96 one – day – old unsexed broiler chicks (Hubbard) were used. The experiment lasted 5 weeks (8 – 42 day). Three experimental diets were supplied ad – libitum. 1% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds (WCNSS) were added to the first experimental diet. To the second diet 2% Nigella sativa seeds was added. The third one which is the control was free of whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds (WCNSS). Supplementation of ground black seeds to the broilers chicks diet resulted in a significant (P< 0.01) decreased in feed consumption, body weight gain and live body weight. Birds fed on diet supplemented with 1% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in dressing % when compared to those fed on control or 2% supplemented diets. Addition of ground black seeds had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio liver, gizzard, heart and abdominal fat %. It was concluded that addition of 1% or 2% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks diet produces adverse effects on the performance and carcass quality.
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    Effect of fluctuating ambient temperature on the performance of laying hens in the closed poultry house
    (2011) Talha E. Abbas; Mamoun M. Yousuf; Mohamed E. Ahmed; Ali A. Hassabo
    Experiments were carried out to observe the effect of fluctuating ambient temperature and humidity on the performance of layers inside the closed system. The study was performed at El-najah Poultry Farm (closed system) in the central region in Saudi Arabia. 360 one-day-old layer chicks (Hy-line W98) were distributed randomly into three locations A, B and C in the central floor of the central line (battery) of the rearing house. At the beginning location A, centre location B and at the end of the house location C. Each location consists of 6 replicates (A1–A6, B1–B6 and C1–C6). In each replicate 20 chicks were housed. Pullets were transferred to the production house in the same farm at 17th week in the similar locations mentioned above. Each location consists of 6 replicates. In each replicate 5 birds were weighed and housed. The study revealed that, birds in location B (the centre of the house), where the temperature ranged (14-28°C) and humidity (22-90%), exhibited better performance than the other two locations, A and C, where temperature range (18-30°C, and 20-32°C) respectively, and humidity (30-80%, and 34- 84%) respectively. Therefore it was concluded that fluctuation of temperature inside the closed poultry house will affect the performance of laying hens.
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    Effect of feeding graded levels of ginger on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks
    (2017) Tamador Ali Eltayb Algam; Mohamed Elamin Ahmed
    An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ginger root powder additives on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. One hundred and sixty unsexed one day-old (Ross308) broiler chicks were used in this study. Ad libitum feeding system was applied during the two rearing periods, starter period for 3weeks and finisher period for other 3weeks. The broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups, each represented a treatment (40 birds/treatment) with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. Four experimental rations were formulated to meet requirement for essential nutrients for broiler chicks according to NRC (1994) recommendation. These rations contain four graded levels of ginger root powder 0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%. The experiment lasted for six weeks. Results showed no significant (P≥0.05) differences in overall feed intake, live body weight and weight gain among all dietary treatments. Birds fed on 0.50% ginger showed significant (P≤0.05) deterioration in feed conversion ratio FCR and protein efficiency ratio PER during finisher and overall period when compared with control. However, birds fed on 0.25 and 0.75% were not significantly (P≥0.05) different versus control. Dietary treatments had no significant (P≥0.05) effect on most carcass characteristics and internal organs. The results showed that the
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    Effect of EDTA Supplementation on Broiler Chicks Fed Leucaena Leucocephala Seeds
    (2008) Mohamed Elamin Ahmed; Khadiga Abbas Abdelati