المقالات العلمية - كلية الزراعة

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Effect of Dietary Phytocee and Zist on Broiler Performance and Carcass Characteristics
(2016) Mohamed E. Ahmed; Nasir H. Mohamed; Talha E. Abbas
Abstract: The present study was aimed at evaluation of growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks fed dietary polyherbal formulation Phytocee and Zist. One hundred and twenty day-old, unsexed broilers (Ross 308) with an initial live body weight of 46.78g ± 0.21 were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments, each consisting of 4 replicates with 10 birds each. The three starter and finisher experimental diets consisted of control (0.0% phytocee and 0.0% Zist), 0.03% phytocee and 0.03% Zist. Dietary treatments indicated no significant (p>0.05) effect on all live performance parameters through starter, finisher and overall period. However, overall body weight gain, FCR and PER were improved in Zist diet by 10.84, 11.68 and 9.80%, respectively compared to control. Carcass characteristics and internal organs showed no significant (p>0.05) differences in response to dietary treatments. The result of the current study revealed that Zist improves live performance parameters during different growth phases. Based on this finding, Zist could be added to either starter or finisher broiler diet with positive effects on broiler performance.
Effect of Dietary Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Metabolic Responses of Broilers
(2015) Mohamed E. Ahmed; Talha E. Abbas; Mojahid A. Abdlhag; Dafaalla E. Mukhtar
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding graded levels of yeast on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and some hematological indices. One day old Hubbard broiler chicks (n=160) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 8 broilers each. The dietary treatments contained 0% yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a negative control diet, 0% yeast + 30 ppm Oxytetracyline as a positive control, 1%, 2% and 3% yeast in the starter and finisher diets. During the experimental periods of 6 weeks, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio values were calculated. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks of age), some biochemical and hematological indices, carcass characteristics traits and internal organs weights were recorded. Growth performance parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by experimental diets. Chicks fed either 0 or 3% yeast recorded the highest (P≤0.05) feed intake, however, the best (P≤0.05) body weight gain was obtained by birds fed 0 or 1% dietary yeast compared to the positive control diet. The highest (P≤0.05) feed conversion ratio was reported for birds fed the positive control diet and 3% dietary yeast compared to the negative control diet. The inclusion of different dietary treatments had no significant (P≥0.05) effects on dressing percentage, hot base and relative weights of heart, gizzard and abdominal fat. Nevertheless, birds fed 3% dietary yeast showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the relative weight of the liver compared to the negative control diet. Relative weights of breast and thigh were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in birds fed 1% yeast than those fed 3% yeast. There were linear decreases in serum cholesterol and albumin of broilers fed graded levels of dietary yeast. It is concluded that yeast can be included in broiler diet at 1% without detrimental effects on performance, and could therefore serve as a natural substitute for antibiotics.
Effect of fluctuating ambient temperature on the performance of laying hens in the closed poultry house
(2011) Talha E. Abbas; Mamoun M. Yousuf; Mohamed E. Ahmed; Ali A. Hassabo
Experiments were carried out to observe the effect of fluctuating ambient temperature and humidity on the performance of layers inside the closed system. The study was performed at El-najah Poultry Farm (closed system) in the central region in Saudi Arabia. 360 one-day-old layer chicks (Hy-line W98) were distributed randomly into three locations A, B and C in the central floor of the central line (battery) of the rearing house. At the beginning location A, centre location B and at the end of the house location C. Each location consists of 6 replicates (A1–A6, B1–B6 and C1–C6). In each replicate 20 chicks were housed. Pullets were transferred to the production house in the same farm at 17th week in the similar locations mentioned above. Each location consists of 6 replicates. In each replicate 5 birds were weighed and housed. The study revealed that, birds in location B (the centre of the house), where the temperature ranged (14-28°C) and humidity (22-90%), exhibited better performance than the other two locations, A and C, where temperature range (18-30°C, and 20-32°C) respectively, and humidity (30-80%, and 34- 84%) respectively. Therefore it was concluded that fluctuation of temperature inside the closed poultry house will affect the performance of laying hens.
Effect of supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks diet on the performance and carcass quality
(2010) Talha E. E. Abbas; Mohamed E. Ahmed
Abstract- The research was conducted to examine the effects of supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks’ diet on the performance and carcass quality. A total of 96 one – day – old unsexed broiler chicks (Hubbard) were used. The experiment lasted 5 weeks (8 – 42 day). Three experimental diets were supplied ad – libitum. 1% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds (WCNSS) were added to the first experimental diet. To the second diet 2% Nigella sativa seeds was added. The third one which is the control was free of whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds (WCNSS). Supplementation of ground black seeds to the broilers chicks diet resulted in a significant (P< 0.01) decreased in feed consumption, body weight gain and live body weight. Birds fed on diet supplemented with 1% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in dressing % when compared to those fed on control or 2% supplemented diets. Addition of ground black seeds had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio liver, gizzard, heart and abdominal fat %. It was concluded that addition of 1% or 2% whole crushed Nigella sativa seeds to the broiler chicks diet produces adverse effects on the performance and carcass quality.
Formulation of Poultry Diet to Improve Immune Response: A Review
(2017) Mohamed E. Ahmed
Early in the past, poultry diet was mainly formulated to meet maintenance and production requirements, so the focus was on productive performance, and health of birds expected to be involved within these requirements. Thereafter the use of antibiotics as feed additives at subtherapeutic dose was introduced to increase productivity by reducing bacterial colony count in the gut and improving gut equilibrium. That means more concern about health of birds. Recently, arises of poultry welfare concern in addition to the ban of the use of antibiotics as feed additives by European Union from 2006, rushed producers and nutritionists into more concentration on health of birds and immunity when they formulate poultry diets. Hence two ways were adopted to improve bird health and immunity by feed formulation without supplementation of antibiotics as growth promoters. The first one is by using antibiotic alternatives as growth promoters. The other one, which emerges recently, is formulation of feed to meet the needs of cells of the immune system. This means studying its needs for nutrients such as protein, energy, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. There is also, feeding of infected birds when the diet should be formulated in a way to avoid exacerbating the condition by feeding microorganisms and help them to proliferate. This review aims to discuss the role of nutrients and feed formulation in improving poultry health and immunity either through meeting requirements of cells of the immune system or through antibiotic alternatives supple
Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Dietary Lysine
(2014) Mohamed E. Ahmed; Talha E. Abbas
The effect of feeding different levels of dietary lysine (100%, 110% and 120% of NRC 1994 recommendations) was evaluated in the current study. These levels were included in broiler starter and finisher diets. A completely randomized experimental design was used. Feed intake and body weight gain in broilers receiving 110% of NRC 1994 lysine, were significantly (P≤0.05) increased versus control. However, feeding 120% lysine significantly (P≤0.05) decreased feed intake. Body weight gain was not different (P≥0.05) among broilers fed control diet and 120% lysine. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly (P≥0.05) different among dietary lysine levels. There was no significant (P≥0.05) effect of dietary lysine levels on dressing percentage, relative weight of gizzard and liver. However, relative weight of abdominal fat decreased significantly in broilers received 110% and 120% of NRC lysine. It was concluded that offering 110% of NRC lysine to broiler chicks enhanced feed intake and body weight gain, but supplying of dietary lysine to broiler chicks above this level might decrease feed intake. Addition of 110% and 120% NRC lysine to broiler diet declines relative weight of abdominal fat.