مجلة المختبرات الطبية 2018 - 1 - 1
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Item D-dimer a predictive test for thrombosis risk in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients(2018) Naglaa Awad Elseed Mohamed; Hiba BadrEldin KhalilBackground; A systemic activation of blood coagulation and pro-coagulant change in the hemostatic system has frequently been observed in cancer patients, even in the absence of venous thromboembolism. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), also known as “chronic myelogenous leukemia,” is a type of cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and invades the blood. D-dimer is a biomarker that globally indicates the activation of homeostasis and fibrinolysis. Studies conducted that patients of myeloid leukemia, some were during treatment, there was an increase of fibrinolysis activity as a significant increase of D-dimer was observed after 24h of treatment, suggested the influence of the cure on coagulation and fibrinolysis systems. Materials and Methods; The study recruited 42 patients diagnosed by Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Venous blood was collected for estimation of total white blood cells count, blast count and D-dimer assay. Results and Conclusions; CML patients were at risk for thrombosis. Positivity of D-dimer was not related to leukocytosis nor treatment. Elevation of the D-dimer was associated with the blast count.Item Effect of Solenostemma argel in Diabetic Mellitus patients in the Sudanese population(2018) Banaga Mansour; Omer Fadol; Suhair AbdalrhmanAll cultures and societies have knowledge best described as folk medicine, and Sudanese people used S. argel to treat many diseases among them is diabetes mellitus. In this study the effect of leaves extract of S. argel on glucose was examined in a groups of patients with different types of diabetes mellitus. Each of the patient groups were given 2g of S. argel extract for 30 days and then each patient was sampled for blood after zero, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days and measured for glucose. The results revealed that S. argel extraction reduce levels of all glucose constituents in the patients group. The study concludes that S. argel is of high effect in the reducing of blood glucose.Item Evaluation of Hemoglobin F level and its Association with HaemoglobinA1c among Type 2 Diabetic Patients(2018) Alsadia Ahmed Hassan Dafalla; Leena Babiker MirghaniHaemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) level is one of the effective diagnostic tools used in the monitoring of diabetic patients. Furthermore, it can be used as a risk indicator for any development of complications in diabetic patients. There are some evidences that fetal haemoglobin (Hb-F) is also elevated in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and children with type1 diabetes mellitus. Elevated Hb-F is suggested to interfere with results of some HbA1c estimation methods leading to false results and this may have negative clinical sequences. Materials and Methods: This study is a laboratory based cross-sectional study, carried out during the period from September 2017 - July 2018 in Khartoum State. Blood samples were collected from a total of 82 diabetic patients who attended the Modern Medical Center for regular follow up; 41 of them with poor control (high HbA1c) and 41with good control (normal HbA1c). Adult diabetic patients with conditions known to affect Hb-F level such as Haemoglobinopathy, Leukaemia and Hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin were excluded from the study. Data was collected by a structured questionnaire and analyzed by a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 21. This study was approved by the scientific research committee, Faculty of medical laboratory sciences, Al Neelain University and verbal consent was obtained from each participant. HbA1c was measured by enzymatic method and Hb-F level was measured by capillary electrophoresis.Item Frequency of bcr1 and bcr3 PML/RARA transcripts in Sudanese Patients with Promyelocytic Leukaemia(2018) Galia Zakaria Abed Alnabi; Elshazali Widaa AliBackground: Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) usually express one of 3 primary hybrid transcripts of t(15;17). The 3 fusion transcripts within the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene are a result of heterogeneous breakpoint in the cluster regions (bcr) described as bcr1 (long), bcr2 (variant), and bcr3. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of bcr transcripts in Sudanese patients with APL. Materials and methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA blood tube for molecular and haematological investigations and bone marrow aspirates were collected for examination of promyelocytes morphology. Samples were obtained from patients referred to the Radioisotope center of Khartoum (RICK), Sudan. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leucocytes and RT-PCR and nested PCR techniques were performed using primers specific for bcr1 and bcr3. Following a successful amplification of DNA by PCR, the amplified fragments were separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The heterozygous genotype Bcr1/Bcr3 was the most frequent (52.0 %) among APL patients followed by the genotype Bcr3/Bcr3 (25.3%) and Bcr1/Bcr1 (22.7%) respectively. Statistically, significant association between genotypes and each of the patients' gender or cell granulation was not was found (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in haematological parameters compared to patients with different genotypes. Conclusion: The heterozygous bcr1/bcr3 genotype was the most prevalent in Sudanese patients with APL followed by the homozygous genotypes bcr3/bcr3 and bcr1/bcr1 consequently.Item Incidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis among patients with infective keratitis(2018) Abdelmoneim Mohammed Alwaly; Mohammed Baha eldin AhmedBackground: Infective keratitis is rare in the absence of predisposing factors. The pattern of risk factors predisposing to infective keratitis varies with variation in geographical regions and this also influences the type of infection that occurs. Free-living amoebae are ubiquitous in the environment and occasionally invade and parasitize human eye causing painful corneal ulcer. The present study was aimed to determine the incidence of amoebic keratitis and the predisposing risk factors in Khartoum state, Sudan. Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the incidence of amoebic keratitis and the predisposing risk factors in Khartoum state, Sudan. Method: Fifty patients with infective keratitis were examined by the ophthalmologists. The samples were obtained using corneal scraping procedure, then labeled and sent to the microbiological laboratory where they were stained by KOH, Gram stain and Giemsa stain to identify the causative agent of the keratitis. Results: The microscopical examination revealed that fungal organisms were detected in 30 (60%) of the samples and bacterial organisms were detected in 12 (24%), three (6%) of the samples, Acanthamoeba cysts were detected. All the patients were not contact lens wearers, most of them were farmers and animal breeders. Conclusion: Acanthamoeba keratitis is an emerging infectious disease and delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis can result in corneal damage and even blindness. Agricultural workers should be aware of the risks resulting from mud and improper hygienItem Seroprevalence of Syphilis among Pregnant Women Attending Best Care Hospital-Khartoum(2018) FatinEzeldin Mohamed Abdelkarim; Zuhal Ahmed Eltayeb; Wafa Ibrahim ElhagAbstract: Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is caused by Treponema pallidum, it is transmitted by direct contact with a sore on an infected person and can also be transmitted to the baby through the placenta during pregnancy or by contact with a sore during birth. The disease progresses to granulomatous lesions in skins, bones, liver, central nervous system, and cardiovascular lesions and form degenerative changes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women attending in Best Care Hospital. Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending in Best care Hospital Khartoum for routine Treponema pallidum were screened for antibody by taking a serum sample and using RPR test, and the positive results were confirmed using ELISA technique. Results: Seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in Best Care Hospital Khartoum was 10% (10/100) by RPR. Furthermore, 5(50%) were confirmed by ELISA. The highest Laboratory medicine journal 2018 Original article LMJ 2018; Vol.1; issue (1) P a g e | 2 seroprevalence of syphilis (50%) with RPR was observed among pregnant women within (20 – 25 years) age group. Conclusion: This study indicated that syphilis is prevalent among healthy pregnant women; and a further test may be applied like Treponema palladium haem agglutination assay (TBHA). Key words: Syphilis, pregnant women, Best Care Hospital Khartoum, RPR, ELISA.Item Seroprevalence of the West Nile Virus among blood donors attending to the Central Blood Bank at Khartoum State, Sudan(2018) Mohammed Sherif Yousif Mohammed; Mustafa EM Yassin; Abbas Bakhit Mohammed RahamaBackground: The West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne (arbo) flavivirus, which causes different forms of infection among humans. West Nile virus may also be transmitted by blood transfusion. Blood donors who donated at the central blood bank were not investigated for the presence of the WNV in their blood in spite of the fact that many blood donors live in areas containing mosquitoes and they may carry the WNV in their blood. The aim of this study was to detect the seroprevalence of WNV among blood donors in Khartoum state, during Oct. 2016 by using conventional ELISA methods (Euro immune, Germany). Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, Ninety-one blood donors were included. The study population included male Blood donors with ages ranging from 18 up to 57 (mean 31.5) years old. 5 ml of blood sample from each blood donor was collected and then serum was obtained from each sample. These sera were tested for antibodies (IgG, IgM) against WNV by an ELISA test using Euro immune ELISA kits according to the manufacturer instructions. Results: In the current study, out of 91 blood donors screened for WNV IgG, and IgM antibodies during Oct 2016 by using ELISA, 58 (63.7 %) were positive. Fifty-two (57.1%) of them were found positive for WNV IgG antibodies while 14 (15.4%) were positive for W