Masters theses : Engineering
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Item SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR EXCITATION CONTROL BASED ON MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL(Al-Neelain University, 2019-10) RAYAN ABDALRAHMAN ABDALLAH ALEMAMABSTRACT The electricity power system is often subjected to various disturbances, caused by for example, fault activating, capacitor switching, large load changing, transmission line switching, etc. These disturbances, if not properly handled, can cause stability problems on the power system so in This research we have designed and developed an optimal predictive excitation control, named the Model Predictive Excitation Control (MPEC) by using algebraic equation and differential equation, state space and control rules simulate them by matlab to give better stability, effectiveness, timing error and cost than Automatic voltage regulator (AVR). Four significant results are achieved: First, the Model Predictive Excitation Control has been designed and has significantly improved the classical model predictive control and is much simpler and computationally efficient. Second, the Model Predictive Excitation Control simulation program and results have been accomplished, and study cases have demonstrated the effectiveness of the Model Predictive Excitation Control. Third, the Modified classical model predictive control procedure has been formulated to correct timing error such that the controlling input for the present time step is re-written as that for the next time step. Fourth, the Model Predictive Excitation Control optimization formulation and procedure has been developed for the generator control with only two substation-ready-available measurements which are the generator terminal voltage and speed. المستخلص نظام الطاقة الكهربائية غالبا مايتعرض لعدة اضطرابات مثل خطأ التفعيل و تبديل المكثفات و التغييرات الكبيرة في الحمل و تبديل خطوط النقل و غيرها ,و ان لم تعالج قد تتسبب بمشاكل في استقرار النظام وبهذا البحث قد تم تصميم نظام إثارة تنبؤي أمثل يسمى نموذج التحكم التنبؤي بالإثارة عن طريق استخدام قوانين الجبر و المعادلات التفاضلية و نموذج حالة المدى و قواعد التحكم وتمت محاكاة النموذج بإستخدام الماتلاب و ذلك لإيجاد إستقرارية و فعالية أفضل للنظام و معالجة خطأ التوقيت و تقليل التكلفة مقارنة بمنظم الجهد الآلي .و قد تم تحقيق أربعة نتائج :أولها، تم تصميم نموذج نموذج التحكم التنبؤي بالإثارة و أثبت تحسن ملحوظ مقارنة بالنظام التقليدي من حيث البساطة و الفعالية الحسابية.ثانيا،نظام محاكاة نموذج التحكم التنبؤي بالإثارة تم التحقق من نتائجه و تم أخذ حالات للدراسة أثبتت فعالية النموذج .ثالثا،إجراءات النظام التقليدي المعدل لنموذج التحكم التنبؤي بالإثارة تم تعديلها لمعالجة خطأ التوقيت عن طريق التحكم بالدخل للحالة الحالية و إعادة إدخالها معدلة للحالة التالية.رابعا،إجراءات التعديل المثلى لنموذج التحكم التنبؤي بالإثارة تم تطويرها للتحكم بالمولد عن طريق قياس قيمتين هما الجهد و السرعةItem Engineering Specifications of Aggregates in Khartoum State for Concrete Mix and Road Design(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2004-07) Farida Mohamed AbdallaItem study of ann model and xinanjiang model for flood forecasting in the guanyinqiao catchment(ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2010-05) Mohmed Abdallah Mohmed AbdalhiAbstract Abstract Hydrological modeling of water resources systems has contributed to a great deal of analysis-type knowledge. The understanding of spatial and temporal events has led to a higher degree of confidence in the design of most water resources projects. This research study seeks on how to apply the Artificial Neural Network rainfall runoff model and Xinanjiang rainfall-runoff model in humid and semi humid catchments of Guanyin Qiao, determines the optimum parameters of the two models used, forecast the real time of peak flood event and evaluate the models acceptability in the catchment. The study area is Guanyin Qiao catchment in Longyan area located at the Western region of Fu Jian province in China, with the total catchment area of 324 Kmz. The daily data from 1992 — 200lwere used and its sets were divided into two groups of data sets, which includes, calibration set and validation set for the two models. The manual calibration processes of the two models were successful and obtained the optimum parameters used in validation processes. The average relative errors for the ANN model and Xinanjiang model were 18.45% and 6,44% respectively, this means that, the average relative errors for the two models have not exceeded the acceptable relative error values, because each flood simulation or forecasting result is acceptable only if the percentage of the peak relative error between simulated and observed flood is less than or equal to 20%. The only one drawback of this study is that, the ANN model is able to make good forecasts in the short lead times of performance, but with increase in the lead times the results deteriorates rapidly. The manual calibration of Xinanjiang model is good for simple model but in long period of year’s calibration and complex model, it’s tedious and affects the accuracy of the parameters. Based on the overall results and the comparative study, the research proved that, the ANN rainfall-runoff model and Xinanjiang rainfall- runoff model applied in this study is more efficient and qualified to be applied in the Guanyin Qiao catchment and can be categorize in grade B base on the Chinese Standards classification (2000). Keywords: ANN model, Xinanjiang model, Flood forecasting, Guanyinqiao Catchment.Item performance Evaluation ofmultimedia over MANET(AlNEElAN UNVERSLTY, 2014) Ezdehar Salman Mohammed Elkhier ElawadItem Catalytic Refor ming of Heavy Naphtha of Heavy Naphtha of khar toum Refinery(AlNEElAN UNVERSLTY, 2004) Al samani Ahmed Mahmoud SalihItem STUDY AND DESIGN OF I)lREC'l‘ MEMORY ~ ACCESS CON'I‘R()LLER(Al-Neelain University, 2003 - 03) nahal mohammed raheem shannanAbstract The problem oftime consuming in data transfer in computer-based systems is of great importance, especially in systems that need last response. Computer engineers think ofa device that decreases this time consumption as much as possible, they find that the direct memory access concept is one olithe best ways this problem could he solved. The direct memory access controller is a device that allows data to flow directly between thc memory and peripheral devices. thus decreasing the time consumption.Item Control System For a Cut To Length Machine(AL-Neelain University, 2018) Mohammed Abdelgadir MustafaAn implemented microcontroller system that controls a cut to length machine (CSCTL) has faced some drawbacks such as power failure. The microcontroller itself has defects regarding complicated troubleshooting and programming. The cut to length machine under normal operation should automatically cut sections of measured length from a coil of an elongated strip which has a roller holder for the coil, a feed conveyer belt at a constant speed to pull the strip from the coil, a hump table, a scissor, a device for measuring the length of the sheet and a landing area. The scissor is being driven by a constant speed motor at a circumferential speed less than the speed of the strip from the feeder, thus producing a hump between the feeder and pinch rolls. The objective of this study was to simulate a control system that controls the cut to length machine. The control system consists of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an Arduino to achieve goals such as increasing the speed of production, increasing the accuracy of cutting and to know how many sheets have been made. So the system was designed and developed to cut the material automatically of finite length. The outcome of the simulation has shown that the newly developed control system is capable of controlling the machine properly to meet the intended requirements. It also showed that the achieved upgrade can not only help in cutting, but also prominently reduces the operating stafi' and accordingly.Item Estimating the Probability Density Function of the Detected Intensity of Optical Light Sources(AL-Neelain University, 2018) Elshaddadi Adam Eltayeb MohamedThe most commonly used optical transmitters are semiconductor devices such as light-emitting diodes (I.liDs) and laser diodes. The ditlerence between LEDs and laser diodes is that LEDs produce incoherent light, while laser diodes produce coherent light. The intensity distribution ol light source is very important in many applications ol‘ optical libel‘ communications especially error rate calculations. We performed two experiments, in the first experiment we detected the intensity of Llil) sources for ditferent electrical bandwidths, and in the second experiment, the intensity of several laser source are detected for cases \\hen the sources have identical central frequencies and when the sources have a small shifl in the central frequency. Results show a Gamma probability density function (pdl) can give a very good approximation ofthe detected intensity of the incoherent light source while the laser intensity is approximated by its mean value when lrequency displacement is implemented.Item Design and Simulation of Mobile Robotic Ann Controller Using Microcontroller and Cell Phone(AL-Neelain University, 2014) Abdelhameed Altoum AbdelhameedThe objectives of design this robot is simply to help the humans in the future for security purposes. In the present scenario, there are many recent developments of robotics and communication on a large scale. The methodology used in this research is Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) and PIC microcontroller. Robotic arm was controlled by a cell phone and it can be communicate on a large scale over a large distance even from different cities. Furthermore there are number of advantages as well as important features such as accuracy when receiving transmitted signals from cell phone and movement in all directions. This robot can also be used to reach the places where humans cannot reach such as small turmels, dangerous places and also can be used to transport of hazardous materials combustible etc. This is the way in which the robot can be used in different fields as well as for research purpose by fU1’1Il'l6I' manipulation in programming and it can be modified accordingly. Finally the simulation results obtained were acceptable using mikroc compiler and proteus simulation program.Item funcation using f fopdt stopdt and skogestad in control soodt(Al-Neelain University, 2014) Aya hashim al- amin