مجلة المختبرات الطبية - 2016 - 2- 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.neelain.edu.sd/handle/123456789/3123

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Clinical and karyotypic aspects of Down's syndrome in Sudanese patients
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Safa. M. Hamid; Imad M. Fadl-Elmula
Introduction Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is the most common type of autosomal chromosome abnormality it has three chromosomal patterns the free copies of chromosome 21, translocation and mosaics. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical and the karyotypic pattern of Sudanese Down's syndrome patients and to compare the data with what have been reported before. Material and Methods A total of 230 patients referred during 2009 and 2013 for confirmation of Down syndrome by cytogenetic analysis at the Cytogenetic Unit at Al Neelian Medical Research Center, faculty of medicine, Al Neelian University, Sudan. Cytogenetic analyses performed in peripheral blood samples that cultured in RPMI 1640 medium for three days, the clonality criteria and the karyotypic descriptions were according to the ISCN 2009 recommendations. Result Out of the 230 cases of Down's syndrome male to female ratio was found to be (1.2:1) in the referred cases, free trisomy 21 was present in 221cases (96. 4%), 6 patients had translocation (2.6%) and three cases were mosaics (1.3%) The median maternal age of the Sudanese mothers at the birth of the affected child was 35.9 years the average age at presentation was 15.6 months (range 1 days to13years), 43.9% of the cases had congenital heart disease. Conclusion the identification of specific types of chromosomal abnormalities in Down's syndrome patients showed that regular trisomy 21 is more common than translocation and Mosaics which is important to assists in patient management and family counseling.
Evaluation the Serum Levels of Gonadotropin Hormones and Total Testosterone in Sudanese Male Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type2
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Sharaf O. Mohammed Alamein; Suhair A.Ahmed; AbdElkarim A. Abdrabo1
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been shown to be associated with certain endocrine disorders in men. We therefore investigated the levels of male sex hormones in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and non-diabetic controls (NDMC) with a view to establish the effect of diabetes mellitus on their endocrine system. Methods: Case control study was conducted at primary heath care center (Alfaraby) in Khartoum state during the period from January to February 2016.Ninety subjects were enrolled in this study , 60 diabetic male subjects classified according to their BMI as 30 patients with BMI less than 25Kg/M2 and 30 patients with BMI more than 25Kg/M2 .( BMI: normal weight (18.5-24.9 Kg/M2), and Obesity (30-39.9 Kg/M2). The other 30 are healthy subjects as control. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), male sex hormones (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone) were estimated. Results: The mean value of FPG, FSH and LH were significantly higher in diabetic subjects when compared with the control group (NDMC), there was significant difference in the levels of LH, FSH and BMI. The level oftotal testosterone was significantly lower in diabetics normal weightthan in NDMC (P. value =0.001). The level of total testosterone was significantly lower in diabetics obese than in NDMC (P=0.000). There was no significant correlation between duration of diabetes and male sex hormones (FSH, LH, and total Testosterone).Results also showed that Total testesterone, LH, are dependent of age (P. value = 0.01, P. value=0 .038) respectively. Conclusion: The data from this study showed reduction in serum T. testesterone and increase in serum FSH and LH of diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals.
Hemoglobin Patterns in Patients with Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Eman A. Ajjack; Hiba A. Awooda; Sana Eltahir Abdalla
Background: Hemoglobinopathy is a group of inherited disorders characterized by structural variations of the hemoglobin molecule; and sickle cell disease constitutes one of the major genetic blood disorders in Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the hemoglobin patterns of patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. Methods: This is a hospital based case control study conducted at the Military Hospital, Omdurman. A total of 100 blood samples were collected, 70 cases diagnosed or suspected to have sickle cell disease and 30 was healthy control. Sickling test and hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis were performed using Capillary 2 Flex Piercing (SEBIA). Results: Capillary Hb electrophoresis exposed the following variants of sickling hemoglobinopathies among cases group: 37 patients (52.9%) AS pattern, 1 patient (1.4%) AS/C Pattern, 8 patients (11.4%), S/B Thalassemia pattern, 1 patient (1.4%) S/C pattern, 3 patients (4.3%) S/D pattern and 20 patients (28.6%) SS pattern. While Hb electrophoresis obtained from normal healthy controls' group revealed normal expected values, the means of HbA (α2β2) was 95% with small amounts (<3.5%) of Hb A2 (α2δ2) and Hb F (α2γ2). The mean level of Hb was lower in patients' group while HbA2 demonstrated no significant change, while HbF and HbS showed different levels according to the type of hemoglobinopathy. Conclusion: Different variants of sickle cell hemoglobinopathies were identified; AS patterns, AS/C patterns, S/B Thalassemia patterns, S/C patterns, S/D patterns and SS patterns were reported. Hemoglobin A2 had no significant difference in patients with sickle cell disease, while Hb F and Hb S showed significant elevation.
Prothrombin Time, Activated partial Thromboplastin Time and Platelets Count in Pregnant Females and Postpartum Period with Deep Venous Thrombosis
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Huda I. Babiker; Hiba A. Awooda; Sana E. Abdalla
Background: Venous thromboembolism is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, the aims of this work was to determine the levels of (Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelets count (PLts)) in pregnant and postpartum females affected with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods: This is a hospital based case control study conducted at Omdurman maternity hospital and Khartoum teaching hospital in Khartoum state, Sudan.The study involved 30 females divided in to two groups: Study group included fifty females of child bearing age (15-45) years presented with signs of DVT either during pregnancy or postpartum period were investigated for PT, APTT and Plts count and fifty, and control group of either pregnant and postpartum femals presented without signs of DVT, the study and control females completed questionnaire of personal data and clinical history such as age, usage of contraceptive pills, family history of DVT and number of pregnancies. Automated coagulometer method used to measure PT and APTT. While PLTs counted using automated haematological analyzer Sysmex K 21. Results: PT was prolonged in vast majority of case group (90%), while it was normal in 10% of study population. APTT was prolonged in 62% of patients, mostly higher in third trimester with percentage of 69.4%. Platelets count found normal in vast majority of patients in all 3 trimesters. Prolonged prothrombin times showed highly significant association between and cases and control groups (P = 0.000), no significant association between prolonged PT and APTT in the third trimester among the study population. Conclusion: Normal platelets level where found in both control and study group, while PT is significally prolonged among cases (P =0.00). APTT is also prolonged in study group; but no statistically significant association found when compared with control group.
The roles of DOG1, CD117 and Ki-67 as immunohistochemisty biomarker in Sudanese patients’ diagnosis with GISTs
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Mawaheb Elgilani; Mohammed Abdalla; Nada Salih; Babikir Fadul; Elsadig A. Adam; Mona Ellaithi
Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are potentially aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm. The use of Immunohistochemistry biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of GISTs is rarely used and no standard operating procedure has yet been established in Sudan. In this study we investigated the expression of three biomarkers CD117, Ki67 and DOG1 in GISTs in order to select the most accurate potential biomarker in the diagnosis of GISTs. Materials and Method: A total of 40 histopathological sections diagnosed with GISTs were recruited from Radiation and Isotope Centre of Khartoum (RICK)- histopathology laboratory. The study included 23 (57.5%) male and 17 (24.5) females. Age ranged from 11 to 90 years old. The three biomarkers CD117, Ki67 and DOG1 expression were tested in all the sections. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.44± 18.43 (SD) years. Thirty six (90%) were positive for Ki67 and DOG 1 and 33 samples (85%) were positive for CD117. Four (10%) samples were negative for Ki67 and DOG1 and 7 samples (17.5%) were negative for CD117 marker. A highly significant association was noticed between Ki67 & DOG1 (P value 0.004). A higher association was between Ki67 and CD117 (P value 0.000). However there wasn’t a significant association between the expression of DOG1 and CD117 (P. Value 0.075). Discussion: This study showed that DOG1 and Ki67 are the biomarkers of choice in diagnosis of GISTs. For the first time in Sudan we showed that Ki67 is a biomarker that correlated with GISTs. It is already known that Ki67 remains in itsuse as a prognostic biomarker. Thus further studies can test Ki67 as a prognostic indicator for GISTs. We conclude that Ki67 and CD117 can be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of GISTs.
Seroprevalance of Hepatitis E virus among HIV-1 infected patients in Khartoum
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Tayseer A Moneim; Mustafa E Yassin; Abbas B Rahama; Mohammed S. Elboni
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted pathogen that causes wide scale epidemics of acute hepatitis in highly HEV-endemic areas such as Africa, Asia and the Middle East. HEV can cause chronic infection and cirrhosis in the immunosuppressed, including patients with HIV-1 infection. Little is known about HEV and HIV-1 co infection in Sudan. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect seroprevalence of HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) among HIV-1 infected patients in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and methods: This was descriptive and cross-sectional study, a total of 92 HIV-1 infected patients were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG by, using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), in period from December 2015 to March 2016. Result: Out of 92 HIV-1 infected patients, anti-HEV IgG and IgM were detected in 21.7% and 8.7% respectively. HIV-1 infected patients complaining of liver cirrhosis and jaundice were 5 (5.43%) and 46 (50%) respectively. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were 100% and 60% within patient with liver cirrhosis, and 32.6% and 10.9% within patients with jaundice. Conclusions: Regarding IgG, the overall seroprevalence of HEV among study group was high (21.73%), and interestingly it was higher within patients with liver cirrhosis and jaundice.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori among elevated HA1c and Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending Khartoum Hospitals
(Al Neelain University-Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2016-02) Nuha Azhari; Mohammed Nafi
Background: There are conflicting reports on Helicobacter pylori prevalence and its relationship to patients with diabetes mellitus type - 2 (T2DM). Aim: The current study was carried out to detect the sero-frequency of Helicobacter pylori among high HA1c and Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Khartoum. Methods: A total number of 50 plasma samples were collected randomly from uncontrolled DM patient's attending different hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan from January to March 2016 and 40 plasma samples were collected from healthy individuals as controls. The detection of Helicobacter pylori IgG was performed by using an Enzyme–linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Helicobacter pylori antibodies were detected in 24.0% HAc1 and Type-2 diabetes mellitus patient's and 47.5% control group (P value 0.02). Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection is not associated significantly with high HAc1and Type-2 diabetes mellitus.