مؤتمر الدراسات العليا السنوي 08
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Item Impact of Using Pnepmoessing in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Process(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Moez Mutasim Ali; Abrlelrahman Elsharif Karrar; Nafeesa Hassan MohammedAbstract Data mining works to extract information known in advance from the enomous quantities of data which can lead to knowledge. It provides information that helps to make good decisions. The effectiveness of data mining in access to knowledge to achieve the goal of which is the discovery of the hidden facts contained in databases and through the use of multiple technologies. Unfortunately, real-world databases are highly influenced by negative factors such the presence of noise, inconsistent and superfluous data and huge sizes in dimensions, examples and features. Thus, low-quality data will lead to low-quality Data Mining performance. _ Data pre-processing is a first step of Data Mining in Knowledge discovery process (KDD) that reduces the complexity of the data and offers better analysis and ANN training. Based on the collected data from the field as well soil testing laboratory, data analysis is performed more accurately and efficiently. This paper study the huge impact of preprocessing in data mining by prepare the data (clean it, transform it, integrate it) to produce a good data that leads to high quality data mining performance. Keywords: Preprocessing, Data Mining, Knowledge Discovery, Data Preparation.Item Discovery of Blind Gold in Elgaab Unconformity Plain of Phanerozoic Over burden Basement Complex, North Sudan(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Mohamed Osman ElgizouliAbstract Artisanal Gold Mining was known in Sudan since Pharaonic Kingdoms. The rush of this activity during last period (1998-2015) has attracted attention of exploration geologists and attention of the investors as well. Hence, more than 266 locations and over 1,500,000 individuals involved in this mining activity. Estimation output of gold amounts to 67-ton of gold annually. This represents 85% of the total Au national production and makes 4 % of the total National revenues. The studied area of Elgaab was discovered recently by Artisanal Gold Miners in the northem state where more than 1200 grams of gold /day is believed to be extracted from quartz veins injected within the foliation planes of highly sheared weathered metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of the Basements complex that intruded by porphyritic micro- diorite. The placer gold deposits as result of weathering of this formation have also been prevalent in the area. Elgaab Artisanal mining area represent the extension of NE shearing zone extends from North Kurdofan (Sodri — Um Badir shear zones) up to the west of the River Nile, North Sudan. The area is dominated by Phanerozoic sediments covering the basement complex rocks, which until the last 5 years wasn’t considered to be potential target for gold. . The discovery of this blind gold occurrences increase very much the potentialities to discover localities in other terrains of similar geomorphologies and geotectonic natures. 235Item Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Vaso-occlusive Complications of Sickle Cell Anaemia(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Sana Abass Mahjoub; Enaam Abdelrhman; Mohammed Elfatih Mohy El-Deen; Mustafa Sharf Eldin Mustafa; Elshazali Widaa AliBackground : Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), dipeptidyl peptidase, is a membrane-hound enzyme, which is present in endothelial and epithelial cells of various tissues, and innards including lungs and kidneys. ACE converts angiotensin I to H, a very potent vasoconstrictor agent . Angiotensin is a hormone as well as a locally produced cellular factor, directly affecting vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscles. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that receptors of angiotensin II are found in the atherosclerotie vessel walls. It is pointed out that angiotensin II can promote vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis in the vascular endothelium and vessel walls. Besides being a potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin Il is a proatherogenic agent, which elevates plasminogen activator inhibitor-l levels, which results in a decrease in the fibrinolytic activityhe ACE I/D polymorphism is an insertion/deletion of an ALU-repeat sequence of 287 base pairs (hp) in intron 16 of the ACE gene, located at l7q23. This results in three genotypes: II, ID, and DD.] Previous studies have reported that plasma levels of angiotensin II are closely associated with ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and that the serum level of ACE is likely to increase 2-fold in the presence of ACE D/D polymorphism, consequently increasing the levels of plasma angiotensin H. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of ACE genotypes (II/ID/DD) in Sudanese patients with SCA and correlate these genotypes with disease complications. Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients with SCA and 40 healthy volunteers as a control group were enrolled in this study. Three milliliters of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid anticoagulated blood were collected from each subject, DNA was extracted by salting-out method, and target DNA regions of the ACE gene were amplified using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Data of this study was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Frequency of qualitative variables was calculated, and correlation was tested by Chi-square test. Regression was used to investigate the association between the polymorphism and complications of SCA. Results: The frequencies of the DD, ID, and II genotypes were 42%, 50%, and 8%, respectively, for patients, whereas in the control group, it was 80% for DD genotype and 20% for ID, while II genotype was totally absent. The regression analysis showed no statistically significant association between the disease complications and each of the ACE polymorphic genotypes. Conclusion: No statistically significant association was found between ACE polymorphism and complications of SCA.Item Maternal Serum Triple Screening Test and Pregnancy Outcome in Elderly Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Khartoum State-Sudan(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Rimaz A. Gurashi; Imad Fadl-ElmulaAbstract Background: Because of the dramatic increase in marital age among Sudanese ladies to far above 30 years, the possibility to deliver infants with congenital defects or diseases is thought to be associated with this situation. This fact is well established and documented in previous studies done in the United States of America. Infants with birth defects is not the only disastrous outcome, pregnancy and delivery complications, abortion, stillbirth are also known consequences. The aim of this study, to detect a possible association between increased maternal age, and Triple Screening Test results. And compare the findings of the Triple Screening Test results with abnormal pregnancy outcome among Sudanese pregnant ladies. Materials and Methods: Ninety one pregnant ladies accepted to participate in this study. Participants were assigned to two groups; study group including 69 (75.8%) women equal to and above 35 years and control group including 22 (24.2%) women less than 30 years. Structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information from all participants along with family history. Clinical examinations including ultra-sound for the determination of gestational age were also perfonned. Blood samples were collected from all participants during the 14"‘ to 20”‘ weekof gestational age. Sera were separated and used for the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein, and free estriol concentrations using standardized quantitative methods (ELISA) collectively known as the Triple Screening Test. Results: In the study group, participants delivered 57 (82.6%) normal healthy infants. Twelve ladies (17.4%) delivered infants with adverse dimorphic features. The defects varied; four (5.8%) had stillbirth, four (5.8%) had abortion at the second trimester, three (4.3%) had premature delivery, and one (1.4%) had intrauterine death. And matching control group, none of the participants (0%) give birth to an infant with congenital defect. Highly significant positive correlation was detected between increase in matemal age and abnormal pregnancy outcome. The Triple Screening Test against the pregnancy outcome in study group, showed statistically significant differences between levels of B- HCG, AFP, and Free estriol and pregnancy outcomes with P-values of 0.000, 0.5240, and 0.000 were obtained using Pearson Chi-squire test of significance, respectively. Conclusion: study conclude that abnormal pregnancy outcome is strongly associated with increase in maternal age. Also there were strongly association between the Triple Screening Test and abnormal pregnancy outcome.Item FLT3 - Internal Tandem Duplication and C-kit D816V Mutations in Sudanese Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Nada Daoud Elzubeir; Leena Babiker Mirghani; Elshazali Widaa AliBackground : There are considerable data showing that AML, like other human cancers, is the consequence of more than one mutation. fins-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and KJT genes belong to the family of tyrosine kinase class HI receptors that induce signals for cell proliferation. Mutations of these genes; however, result in autonomously leukemic cell proliferation and an unfavorable prognosis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of C-kit D8l6V and FLT3 ITD mutations among Sudanese patients with AML. Material and method: This study included 44 newly diagnosed AML Sudanese patients. Two and half milliliter (ml) of venous blood were collected from each patient in EDTA container for hematological and molecular analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted by DNA Salting out protocol . All samples were analyzed for FLT3-ITD mutation on chromosome 13, exon 11 using conventional PCR and C-kit mutation at codon 816 of exon 17 using allele specific PCR. Data was analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 20. Result: A total of 44 Sudanese patients diagnosed with AML were enrolled in this study .l9(43.2%) were males and 25 (56.8%) were females ; their age ranged 2-92 years (mean 39.53). Blast percent was ranged 23-90% (mean: 54.1%) and total WBCs count ranged 2100- 28000/L (mean: 1631). The results showed that, while FLT3-ITD mutation was totally absent, C-kitD816V mutation was foimd in 50% of the patients. No statistically significant difference was found in mean age of incidence (P. value = 0.974), blast percentage (P.value = 0.595), and total WBCs count (P. value = 0.123). The results showed no statistically significant correlation between C- kitD8l6V mutation and each of gender ( P.value = 0.761) and subclass 0fAML (P. value = 0.818). Conclusion: C-kit D8l6V mutation was found in half the Sudanese patients with AML while FLT3 —ITD mutation was totally absent. C- kit mutation has no effect on age of incidence, blast percentage, and total WBCS count, and has no correlation with gender and subclass of AML.Item Association of Platelet Glycoprotein IIIa Gene Polymorphisms with Myocardial Infarction among Sudanese Patients(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Mohanad Altayeb Mohamed Ahmed; Elshazali Widaa Ali; Gamal Mahmoud AlimairiAbstract Background: ' The platelet glycoprotein IIb/IHa receptor plays an important role in platelet aggregation. The [Ha polypeptide is polymorphic due to a single base change at position 1565 resulting in either proline PI M or leucine Pl AZ at position 33 in the protein. Platelet activation plays a pivotal role for the initiation of acute coronary syndromes. Platelet indices are potentially useful markers for the early diagnosis of thromboembolic diseases. It has recently been reported that the Pl“ variant may strongly associated with the risk of acute coronary syndromes. Objective: this study aimed to investigate platelet glycoprotein IHa gene polymorphisms and platelet indices with myocardial infarction among Sudanese patients. 221 Methods: The genomic DNA was extracted by salt out method. The platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene polymorphisms were determined by using RFLP-PCR technique and platelet indices analyzed by using Sysmex KX-21N. Results: A total of 200 participants were enrolled in this study; 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of MI, and 100 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. 74 (74%) of patients were males and 26 (26%) were females, their age ranged from 25 to 90 years (Mean=kSD: 62:\: 13.3). Of the control group, 46 (46%) were males and 54 (54%) were females, their age ranged from 25 to 86 years ('MeaniSD: 56.4 il5.3).The GP IIIa genotypes showed statistically significant association (P.value <0.05) with myocardial infarction. In patients group, the most frequency of GPIIIA genotypes was Le/Le (44%) followed by Le/Pro (41%) and Pro/Pro (15%) consequently. While for the control group, the most frequent GPIIIA genotype was Le/Le (80%) followed by both Le/Pro (10%) and Pro/Pro (10%). The presence of Le/Le genotype and Le/Pro genotype significantly increases the risk of MI (OR=5.09; 95% CI: 2.71-9.55) and (OR=2.03; 95% CI: l.59-2.58) respectively. MPV, PDW and P-LCR were significantly increased in patients with MI compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the mean of MPV, PDW and P-LCR were not significantly different when compared among different genotypes. Conclusions: We concluded that, in our subjects, the Le/Le, Le/Pro genotypes of platelet glycoprotein Illa is an important risk factors for developing MI. Furthermore, the platelet indices were increasing in patient with MI compared to normal control. 222Item Study of the geotechnieal properties of limestone as building materials at Khor Eit-North of Port Sudan(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Amna Mubarak Mohamed ElhagAbstract The objective of this research is to evaluate the limestone deposits in the Red Sea coastal plain uses as building materials andindustries for example cement-lime mortars.The study consists of the field investigation and laboratorial techniques including chemical, physical, geotechnical and optical properties of limestone deposits. Based on the results of the geotechnical characterization tests, limestoneis used for the production of the mortars, which would then be used for the low coast buildings. Theratio of mortar samples of lime and meta-kaolin were in the range of one: one(LimestoMeta kaolin). The ratios of the mortar lime blended with cement are 70%,60% and50%,while lime, are 30%,40%, and 50% and while theratio of lime to sand are 1:3; moreover the Standard sand size was usedin the aggregate. The activepozzolanawhich is the calcines kaolin at temperature between (750-850C)is used as additive. It was found that the addition otPozzolana improved the compressive strengths of the mortars andlime ratio 50% blended with50%pozzolana i.e. (50%:50%) revealedhigh long term strength.Item Remediation of Pb-Polluted soil using composted organic waste(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Idris Mustafa Abdullah; Siddig Khalid Mohamed; Maida Fadl Allah A. Modawi; Abdel Karim Sabir Ali; Sarra A. M. saadComposted organic waste has widely been used for improving soil properties and increasing soil organic matter for better agricultural production. Many trials were made to study the role of compost application on remediation of lead (Pbfl) polluted soil, a problem that endangered different soils in Sudan. A laboratory experiment was conducted using composted organic waste and Pb” treated soil. Different rates of compost (13%; 19%; 25%) were applied to the soil characterized by low organic matter treated with different concentrations of Pb” - solution (0.1N; 0.2N;0.3 N). The mixtures were incubated for 6 weeks and were irrigated with 400 ml of water on daily basis. Samples were collected from each treatment and analyzed for Pb” concentrations. In addition, a potexperiment was conducted to study the perfonnance and uptake of lead Pb“ by Sorghum bicolor grown in the soil treated with different concentrations of Pb” solution and Composted organic waste in different rates to assess the efficiency of compost on remediating polluted soil and plant growth. The height of plants and the number of leaves/plant were measured on 7, 10, l4, l7, 20, 32 and 35 days from planting. The results revealed that compost application to Pb+2 treated soil affected Pb” concentration as a significant decrease was observed in samples treated with Pb’! solution compared to control samples. Both height of sorghum and number of leaves/plant were positively influenced by compost remediationof Pb” soils. Therefore it is recommended that compost could be applied to remediate polluted soils as it is cheap and enviromnentally safe. Key word: Sorghum bicolor; Compost, Lead pollution, remediation 217Item Hazardous Effect of the application of Refinery Wastewater on the environment(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Wamda Musa A. Abdallah; Gamar Karamalla A. Abdelgader; Abdelgadir Elafadil; Sarra A. M. SaadAbstract Currently Wastewater is causing a serious problem in many indusnial areas as no proper recycling procedures are implemented. Wastewater from oil refinery in Khartoum produces high amounts of wastewater every daily and many recommendations were suggested e. g. to be used for irrigation of tree plantingln order to study the effect of the wastewater on the environment mainly the soil around the refmery, water samples were collected fi'om the treatment pond in the refinery and soil samples from dilferent sites were taken for quality assessment. The analysis of samples showed presence of high concentration of oil in the water and soil samples. Furthermore, a significant increase in concentration of some minerals was evident. Hence, it is recommended that application of refinery wastewater as irrigation water negatively affected soil quality and might cause soil pollution in the fixture. Keywords: Refmery wastewater, soil pollution, wastewater qualityItem Reclamation of Saline Soils using Composted Organic Wastes(جامعة النيلين - كلية الدراسات العليا, 2017-01-16) Rayan Babiker Hago; Abdel Karim Sabir Ali; Sarra A. M. SaadAbstract: Soil salinity is one of the problems that affects crop production in Sudan and results in yield deterioration. Remediation techniques practiced in saline soils usually expensive and need high technology. In order to apply a cheap method, composted organic waste was applied to saline soil treated with different concentration of Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Compost was applied with different application rates. The mixtures were incubated for 4 weeks and irrigated with So ml water. Samples were analyzed and the results revealed that the application of compost should be done with the recommended doses in order to reclaim saline soils as high compost application rate might increase salinity of soils. Quality control measures of composts should be implemented before compost use. Therefore, it is recommended that compost can play major role in soil reclamation especially of saline soils as it is environmentally safe and cheap compared to other reclamation procedures. Key words: Soil Salinity, Soil Reclamation, Compost 214