Al NEELAIN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES - VOL : 01 - ISSUE - 02

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Site Selection of Wastewater Treatment Plant using RS/GIS data and Multi- Criteria Analysis (MCA): Case Study Omdurman City, Khartoum State, Sudan
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) Omer O. A. Abdalla; Sami O. H. El Khidir
Abstract: Omdurman city is one of the biggest cities in Sudan in term of area and population. The city witness a rapid growth of population coupled with huge aerial expansion. This situation creates big environmental complications and hazards. One of biggest pollution issues in the city is the lack of modern and efficient Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The purpose of this study is to build a decision making model for selecting the optimal site for a WWTP utilizing the remote sensing and GIS data and analysis coupled with the Multi- Criteria Analysis (MCA). The utilized data comprise the remote sensing data of optical multispectral satellite imageries and the digital elevation model coupled with vector data of land used and land cover (LU/LC) layers. Various positive and exclamations criteria have been built from the RS/GIS data, while the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to apply the weights for each criterion and sub criterion, in order to get the best result and find the optimal site. The obtained result presents three sites of high weights in the main criteria and lows in exclamation ones representing in-preferable sites; the sites are ranked as the first, second and third rank, which are located in the west, south and north of Omdurman city, respectively. Each of the three sites contains subzones of very suitable, suitable and unsuitable, where the first site renders high suitability over the others. Although all aims are achieved in this study, but there are still some limitations in different perspectives of the study such as details of data, determining the criteria and weights, which can be overcome by utilizing a high spatial resolution RS/GIS data to improve the MCA studies.
Depth Estimation of the Magnetic Sources in Muglad Rift Basin Using 3D Analysis of High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) Khalid M. Kheiralla
Abstract The integrated approach, using multi-source geophysical data in order to constrain the 3D geometry and the structure of the Muglad Basin in Sudan. Muglad Basin has a huge potential for oil exploration. In the Garaad area, very near-surface basic igneous sills/flows lies within the sedimentary sections. The presences of these sub-surfaces volcanics avert exploration by usual geophysical surveys and might have degraded potential hydrocarbons. Aircraft “high-resolution magnetic gradient” surveyed to provides a good indication of the distribution and relative depths of near-surface volcanics in the study area. One of the main objectives of the interpretation was to map the distribution of the volcanics, with particular emphasis on identifying areas of very near surface and relatively thick units. Interpretation of the magnetic data in the Garaad area has produced a thematic map of the distribution of volcanics useful for the planning of future drilling. Local wavenumber, horizontal and vertical derivatives, analytic signal, 3D Euler deconvolutions and convolution filtering provide a characterization of structural domains and allow us to estimate the depths of the magnetic sources. Using Convolution filtering out the lineament analyses two main structural directions is mapped in the study area with combined these results from gravimetric anomalies analysis, Landsat data processing and quantitative DEM analysis in order to generate precise structural maps of the basin. The structural content of surface data (DEM and remote sensing data) combined with 3D geophysical modelling allowed us to produce a very precise model of the geometry and structure of the basin, prerequisite for the exploitation of potential oil reservoirs.
Geophysical perspective of the Red Sea basin based on Allatra Physics
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) Andreeva Olga; Boris Kashirin
Abstract Global climate change is one of the most important international problems of the 21st century. The overall rapid increase in the dynamics of cataclysms, which have been observed in recent decades, is particularly alarming. Today, there is a big risk of misunderstanding and underestimation of all the factors and the scale of influence of various cosmic and geological processes on the global climate change on Earth. Just a while ago, at the end of the 20th century, some scientists put forward various hypotheses and theories about gradual climate change. But in practice everything turned out to be somewhat different.
Genesis of Soils from Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks in Southeast Ingassana Hills Complex, Blue Nile State, Sudan
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) Siddig M. Elzien; Eman K.D. Sayed; Omar A.O. Al-Imam; Hamed B.O. Hamed; Mohammed A.H. Altigani; Khalid M. Kheiralla
Abstract Ingassana Hills Complex composed of greatly weathered rocks forming clays and laterite. Chemical analyses show a depletion of high soluble elements such as Si4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ etc., and enrichment of Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, H2O+ etc., in their weathering products . Silica, potassium and others, beside the formation of economic mineral deposits like gold, pyrite, and chalcopyrite were present within the shear zone in the area. Soil profiles have shown gain of ferric iron, titanium and alumina and other most resistant elements on progressive weathering. The meager light minerals are quartz and feldspar and the magnetic and nonmagnetic are distributed in different percentages such as chromite (20%-75%), galena (9%-70%), pyrite (10%-20%), hematite (10%-40%), copper (5%-20%) associated with zircon, gold, chalcopyrite, tourmaline, cinnabar and talc.
Litho-Tectonic Evolution around Third Cataract, Sudan: An integrated Remote Sensing, Lithological, Structural and Geochemical Approaches
(جامعة النيلين, 2017) Esamaldeen Ali; Mohamed Y. Abdegalil; Abu Elhassan Musa; Nuha E. Mohamed
Abstract This Study is focused on the geology of the area around the Third Cataract, Sudan. In terms of combined remote sensing, petrological, structural and geochemical criteria this article presents detailed lithological and tectonic evolution of this region. For preliminary visual interpretation of the different lithological units and structural elements a digital image processing has been applied using Landsat 8 OLI images that are verified by precise ground truthing. Petrography, geological and structural field relationships have led to preliminary classification of rock units into: Undifferentiated orthogneisses and migmatites; Low to medium-grade metavolcano-sediments; Syn-orogenic intrusions; Late to post-orogenic intrusions; Cretaceous sandstone formation; Cainozoic volcanics and Quaternary to Recent sediments. Geological map has been created at scale of 1:75,000. In this study, three deformation episodes are identified (D1, D2 and D3), where D1 is associated with the formation of tight to isoclinal recumbent fold (F1) with north-dipping fold plane and sub horizontal trending axes verging to the east. Deformation took place in green schist-facies rocks that is thought to be related to the arc-accretion event. D2 gave rise to open upright fold (F2) which folded the axial surfaces of (F1) with fold axes plunging gently to the NNW. NNW–SSE sinistral strike slip movement is a main characteristic of D3 deformation. The geochemical results show a clear calc-alkaline trend of the metavolcanics units that were derived from volcanic arc magmas. Whereas the granitic rocks classify as calc-alkaline metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, and is considered as I-type granites. Rb versus (Y+Nb) discrimination diagram indicates volcanic arc granites.