Masters theses : Agricultural

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    Diversity and cross inoculation abilities amongrhizobia isolated from different guar (C yamobsistetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) lines
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2003-10) Maha Abdel hafeez Mohamed
    /\ hstract Ten R/1/zu/uiini lSUlillCs were isolated Iroin the root nodules olltcn guar lines. The isolates were authenticated each with ills respective host (line) of isolation. Cross-inoculation experiments revealed a wide range in the degree of line-isolate efliciency. The majority of guar lilies benefited from R/7/3!)/HIIIH inoculation. This was rellected in the high shoot dry weight and nitrogen content produced by the inoculated plants as compared to their respective non-inoculated controls. l\/licroscopical and biochemical characterization showed that all tested isolates were last growing, inicroaerophilic, acid producing, catalase and oxidase positive, they donlt absorb congo red, and were unable to grow on Glucose Pepton Agar (GPA). The isolates did not utilize citrate or ornithine and were also unable to produce HZS, lndole_ Acetoin or 3- ketolactose. All isolates were able to utilize most olthe tested carbohydrates as sole carbon sources and were also able to tolerate high salinity level (up to I92 gill), /\ntibiotic sensitivity tests showed a wide range oi‘ variations among the isolates. However, all tested isolates were lound to be resistant to Tetracycline and Ampicilin. Serologically, all isolates cross- agglutinated with each other indicating close serological alillinities among them. Summing up _ cluster analysis have separated the isolates into four groups that have included the following isolates: l- Group l: isolates /\22_ B4_ E51 l'l 5 and lll5. 2- Group ll: isolates D30 and ll2. 3- Group lll: isolate G7. 4- Group V: isolates C33 and lll5. i\ l Z
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    Effect of Feeding diffeent levels decorticated Cajanus cajan seeds on broiler performance as a replacement of sesame cake
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2005-09) El Hafiz Abd-El Rahman Hassan
    Abstract This study was conducted to assess the performance of broiler birds fed on decorticated Cajanus cajan (C. c) as a replacer to sesame cake. The study was conducted on deep litter in open houses pens at El Neelain Poultry Farm at Jebel Awlia during the period from 4'“ May to 22nd June 2005. 200 unsexed (Ross) broiler chicks were randomly distributed into batches of 40 birds per batch per dietary treatment. Birds were divided in to 4 replicates of 10 for each treatment of the five rations. Acontrol plus 4 rations containing 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of C.c. were fed. Parameters studied were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight again, livebody weight, dressed weight, edible parts weights, serum proteins and the economic appraisal. 12% incorporation followed by 9% gave the best results in all parameters studied. Serum proteins and ALT (Alanine Amino Interferase) were within normal levels indicating no ill health or diviation from normal. The economic appraisal showed that 12% followed by 9% gave the least cost per Kg of broiler meat. vm The study concluded that broiler birds can perform well and survive healthy when fed C.c. up to 12% incorporation in the ration. This supports the assumption that decortication improves feeding efficiency and performance of Cajanus cajan.
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    تنمية الموارد الزراعية بولاية شمال كردفان ( حالة محافظة شيكان ) من 1999 - 2001
    (جامعة النيلين, 2001) انصاف ابراهيم الخليفة محمد احمد
    street This study deals with the Development of agricultural resources (soil , vegetation , and water and livestock in province, Northern kordofan state. The main objective of the study to investigate the conditions of these resources and the utilization and development of Natural systems in the province . to achieve this objective, the study adopted the political ecology approach atheoretical frame work for the analysis. This approach provides acomprehensive perspective for the analysis of man-environment relation ship , taking into account the environment , social economic and political aspects. The study falls in seven chapters . Including the introduction, and the theoretical frame work. Demorgraphical natural and human being Agriculture of Sudan in study area , agricultural actives Development in animals and the conclusion. The study was based on primary data collected through field work survey , by using different methods and techniques including questionnaires, interview and direct observation beside. Secondary data , form sources official and non official interview and directed observation both published and unplished, were also utilized . ~ The study revealed that the province in its natural conditions is endowed with agreat base of renewable natural resources, that could meet the objectives of the human development in the area at present and the future, under conditions of sound and rational environmental management. However, the study Showed that sheikan province is presently suffering from acute problems of environment degradation . This is reflected negatively in the living conditions of the population. The histrorical relationship between man and his'environment, which was based on the harmony between man’s needs and the environmental condition, has also changed. The study reached to the conclusion that environmental degradation and changes in the relationship between man and his environment , in the province, are the result of closely interrelated factors.. Most important among these are: the accelerated rate of population growth on the prolonged periods of drought in Northern kordfan during the 1970s and 1980s , and the high rate of population dis placement from southern Sudan and Southern Korodofan State Caused by
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    Prepration and Evaluation of Solar-Dried Fish By-Product Meal as a protein Supplement in Broiler Chiek’s diet.
    (Al Neelain University, 2004) Mutahar Ali Mohammed Al-shami
    The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of producing and usage of solar dried fish by-product meal (SPFBPM) as a replacement for an imported plant protein concentrate (IPPC) in both starter and finisher diets for broiler chicken. Slightly improved solar dryer tent (SDT) was tested to dry samples of fish by-products (FBPs). A questionnaire was carried out on the majority of fish processing shops (FPS) in Sana’a City Center, to collect information about marketed fishes, fish by-products, dressing out methods and consumer preferential customs. etc. Twenty seven Jahesh fishes (Lethrinidae.spp.] were selected and divided to three similar groups in weights, dressed out, in order to determine the components and percentages of FBPs according to three common dressing out methods. Samples of Jahesh FBPs were collected from FPS, processed and dried in SDT. Microbial tests for Salmonella, E.coli and total bacterial count were carried out on samples SDFBPM, before and after 3 different heating treatments. Proximate chemical analysis was carried out on three replicate three times. Five starter and finisher experimental diets for broilers were formulated to meet NRC., 1994 recommendations. Diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous including 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% of SDFBPM replacing equal percentages of IPPC. Two hundred and twenty five newly hatched Ross broiler chicken were randomly located in 5 groups of 45 birds three replicate each. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were recorded and calculated for 7 weeks. At the end of the 49"‘ day, birds were fasted for 12 hours and 4birds from each pen were randomly selected and individually weighted, slaughtered, mechanically defeathered and carcass and non-carcass components were weighed. The obtained data showed that Jahesh lishes represent the most available and the most preferred fish type among the locally marketed fish species during the whole year. Percentages of fish by-products were (19-36-52%) of total body weight for gutted, sluiced and filleted dressing out methods, respectively. Moreover, the sliced dressing out method was the first preferred by consumers. Two days were enough to dry minced FBPs samples, which indicated that examined SDT was well-improved by drying system of clean and cheap energy. Salmonella colonies were seen and the total bacterial count was 192x104 Cells/gm, but the bacterial colonies disappeared with samples autoclaved at 12lC° for 21 minutes. The chemical composition of SDFBPM was 95.02% DM, 48.5% CP, 21.5% EE, 0.0% fiber, 8% Ca, 4.26%P, 25.3% Ash, 4.74%NFE. However, the SDFBPM samples physically showed a good quality fish meal. The experimental chicks fed diets including up to 7.5% of SDFBPM showed satisfactory performance compared with the control birds, but depression in growth and protein efficiency resulted with broilers fed diets including 10% SDFBPM. On the other hand, there was no sign of salmonella infection in chicks during the 7 week experimental period also, meat color, flavor, tenderness or juiciness of their carcasses were not significantly affected. Generally, broilers fed diets wiuth 2.5% SDFBPM showed the performance numerically but not significantly different from those fed 5%, 7.5% and the control.
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    الأستخدام الآمن للمبيدات وأثرة على الإنتاج في المحاصيل الحقلية (دراسة حالة ولاية نهر النيل)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2008) جمال عمر الشيخ محمد عشابي
    Abstract This research aimed to study the possibilities of the safe use of pesticides and its effects on production and productivity of field crops in Nahar Elneel state. i i A sample of hundred farmers was randomly selected from the population of farmers in Nahar Elneel state, whose numbers were50000 farmers (the sample was 2 %) . _ The data of the research was collected through questionnaires, observation, personal discursions with local leaders , and the consultation of relevant references and documents. Valuable results were obtained , some of which were mentioned below:- l-7 Pesticides proved high effectiveness in the combat of crop pests. 2- The unsafe use of pesticides leads to serious damage in the environment , health of farmers , their animals and crops productivity . The research came out with a number of recommendations, some of which are mentioned bellow: l. Agriculture is the back bone of Sudan economy, hence it is essential to find out the most effective methods to protect field crops against pests. 4 4 2. the role of farmers in crop production is pivotal , hence it is very important to teach them the safe and economic use of pesticides 3. more care has to be given to technological packages related to the safe use of pesticides, and more effort have to be given to farmers i to adopt these technology packages .
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    غذاء بعض اسماك النيل الابيض التجارية (جبل اولياء) العجل ، القرموط ، الشلبايا ، الكاس ، البلطي النيلي ، الدبس و الخرشة
    (جامعة النيلين, 2006-06) أحمد محمد موسى أحمد
    Abstract This study is intended to know the type oi") bod consumed by 7 species offish selected from Jcbcl Aulia Dam on the White Nile. These selected species are Lates niloticus (lgil ), Clarias lazera (Gannut), Schilbe mystus ( Shilbiya) Hydrycon l‘0rskalli (Kas) Oreochromis niloticuas (Buiti Nili) labco niloticus (Dabs), and Distichodus niloticus ( Kharsha). The study concludes that Lates niloticus, Clarias lazerzv Schilbe mystus and Hydiycon forskalii mainly feed on Kawara< Buiti Nili rzooplankton and insects ‘consequently are considered as ( Carnivorus). Also the study concludes that Oreochrous niloticus ¢Labeo niloticus and Distichodus niloticus feed on green algae‘ phytoplankton ‘plant dcbries and plant tissue, consequently these species may be considered as ( Herbivorous). When the Oroehromis niloticus grows in size (15-25 cm) its feed decreases towards plant food. It is also noted that 20% of these species feed on other types of food) Zooplankton( which may be classified as (Omnivorous fish). These results will have important applications in commercial fish culture in Sudan.
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    اثر معدلات وفترات الري بالتنقيط علي الخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للتربة والنمو لنبات الطماطم
    (جامعة النيلين, 2009) عزمي الحاج عيدروس
    مستخلص البحث ABSTRACT تم اجراء هذا البحث في ولاية الخرطوم منطقة جبل اولياء في الفترة من (يناير – ابريل 2008م) بهدف دراسة اثر استخدام معدلات ري وفترات اضافة المياه علي بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للتربه والنمو لنبات الطماطم تحت نظام الري بالتنقيط. استخدم التصميم العشوائي الكامل في توزيع المعاملات واستخدمت تسعه معاملات للدراسة تحديداً 2لتر/2يوم، 2لتر/4يوم، 2لتر/6يوم، 4لتر/2يوم، 4لتر/4يوم، 4لتر/6يوم، 6لتر/2يوم، 6لتر/4يوم، و6لتر/6يوم. شملت الدراسة اثر المعاملات علي بعض الخصائص الفيزيائيه للتربه ممثله في معدل التسرب، السعة الحقليه، الكثافه الظاهريه وعلي بعض الخصائص الكيميائية تحديدا نسبة الصوديوم المدمص(SAR) وايون الصوديوم (Na) وكذلك علي نمو نبات الطماطم من حيث طول النبات، طول الجزر، عدد الاوراق، عدد الفروع، عدد الازهار، الوزن الرطب والوزن الجاف. وكذلك تم حساب الاحتياجات المائيه لنبات الطماطم. اوضحت الدراسة ان متوسط السعه الحقليه 33.3% ومتوسط الكثافه الظاهريه 1.4جم/سم3 ومعدل التسرب في الخمس دقائق الاولى كان 172.8مم/الساعه بينما معدل التسرب الاساسي كان 19.2مم/الساعه. وكذلك وجد ان المعامله (2لتر/6يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لايون الصوديوم (Na) والصوديوم المدمص SAR 28.5 وSAR 24.1 على التوالي بينما نجد ان المعامله 2لتر/2يوم و6لتر/2يوم سجلت ادنى (Na)، 6.1 والمعاملة 2لتر/2يوم للصوديوم المدمص 3.6. المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لطول النبات 29.8سم بينما نجد ان المعامله (6لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبة لطول النبات 21.2سم. المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لطول الجزور (16.7سم) بينما نجد ان المعامله (4لتر/4يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبة لطول الجزور (13.2سم). المعاملة (4لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لعدد الاوراق وعدد الفروع (1.4، 18.3) على التوالي بينما نجد ان المعاملة (2لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادني نسبه لعدد الاوراق (50) والمعامله (2لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبه لعدد الفروع (13). وفي صفه عدد الازهار نجد ان المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة (8.7) والمعامله (6لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبه (2.7). وفي صفه الوزن الرطب والوزن الجاف نجد ان المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلي نسبة (6.97، 3.80جم) علي التوالي بينما نجد ان المعامله (4لتر/4يوم) ادنى نسبه (3.33، 1.63جم) مقارنه بالمعاملات الآخرى.
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    اثر معدلات وفترات الري بالتنقيط علي الخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للتربة والنمو لنبات الطماطم
    (جامعة النيلين, 2009) عزمي الحاج عيدروس
    مستخلص البحث مستخلص البحث ABSTRACT تم اجراء هذا البحث في ولاية الخرطوم منطقة جبل اولياء في الفترة من (يناير – ابريل 2008م) بهدف دراسة اثر استخدام معدلات ري وفترات اضافة المياه علي بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للتربه والنمو لنبات الطماطم تحت نظام الري بالتنقيط. استخدم التصميم العشوائي الكامل في توزيع المعاملات واستخدمت تسعه معاملات للدراسة تحديداً 2لتر/2يوم، 2لتر/4يوم، 2لتر/6يوم، 4لتر/2يوم، 4لتر/4يوم، 4لتر/6يوم، 6لتر/2يوم، 6لتر/4يوم، و6لتر/6يوم. شملت الدراسة اثر المعاملات علي بعض الخصائص الفيزيائيه للتربه ممثله في معدل التسرب، السعة الحقليه، الكثافه الظاهريه وعلي بعض الخصائص الكيميائية تحديدا نسبة الصوديوم المدمص(SAR) وايون الصوديوم (Na) وكذلك علي نمو نبات الطماطم من حيث طول النبات، طول الجزر، عدد الاوراق، عدد الفروع، عدد الازهار، الوزن الرطب والوزن الجاف. وكذلك تم حساب الاحتياجات المائيه لنبات الطماطم. اوضحت الدراسة ان متوسط السعه الحقليه 33.3% ومتوسط الكثافه الظاهريه 1.4جم/سم3 ومعدل التسرب في الخمس دقائق الاولى كان 172.8مم/الساعه بينما معدل التسرب الاساسي كان 19.2مم/الساعه. وكذلك وجد ان المعامله (2لتر/6يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لايون الصوديوم (Na) والصوديوم المدمص SAR 28.5 وSAR 24.1 على التوالي بينما نجد ان المعامله 2لتر/2يوم و6لتر/2يوم سجلت ادنى (Na)، 6.1 والمعاملة 2لتر/2يوم للصوديوم المدمص 3.6. المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لطول النبات 29.8سم بينما نجد ان المعامله (6لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبة لطول النبات 21.2سم. المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لطول الجزور (16.7سم) بينما نجد ان المعامله (4لتر/4يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبة لطول الجزور (13.2سم). المعاملة (4لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة لعدد الاوراق وعدد الفروع (1.4، 18.3) على التوالي بينما نجد ان المعاملة (2لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادني نسبه لعدد الاوراق (50) والمعامله (2لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبه لعدد الفروع (13). وفي صفه عدد الازهار نجد ان المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلى نسبة (8.7) والمعامله (6لتر/6يوم) سجلت ادنى نسبه (2.7). وفي صفه الوزن الرطب والوزن الجاف نجد ان المعامله (6لتر/2يوم) سجلت اعلي نسبة (6.97، 3.80جم) علي التوالي بينما نجد ان المعامله (4لتر/4يوم) ادنى نسبه (3.33، 1.63جم) مقارنه بالمعاملات الآخرى. ABSTRACT This research had been conducted in Khartoum State, Jebel Awlia District in the period (January – April 2008). The objectves behind this research were to study the effect of applying different irrigation regimes and watering intervals upon some physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as, the effect on tomato growth and development under drip irrigation. Treatment had been set in a completely randomised design (CRD). Nine treatments were applied, which were 2L/2days, 2L/4days, 2L/6days, 4L/2days, 4L/4days, 4L/6days, 6L/2days, 6L/4days and 6L/6days. The study involved effect of the above mentioned treatments upon some of the physical and chemical properties of the soil under tomato crop. Properties comprise infliteration rate, field capacity, bulk density, SAR, Naabsorption ratio. The effect of treatments was taken with respect to plant height, lengthof the main tap root, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, fresh weight and dry weight. Calculations of plant water requirements were done. The study had shown that the average field capacity was 33.3%, average bulk density was 1.4gms/cm3 , infiltration rate in the first five minutes was 172.8mm/hr and basic infliteration rate was 19.2mm/hr. It was also found that the treatment with 2L/6days had recorded the highest ratio of Na-ion, as well as, the highest SAR, which were 28.5 and 24.1, respectively whereas the treatments 2L/2days and 6L/2days recorded the lowest Na-ion ratio, which were 6.1 and 3.6 SAR, respectively. The treatment (6L/2days) recorded the highest length of plant, which was 29.8cm, whereas, the treatment 6L/6days recorded the lowest plant height which was 21.2cm. xiii The treatment 6L/2days gave the longest average of tap root, which was 16.7cm, whereas the treatment (4L/4days) recorded the shortest length of tap root, which was 13.2cm. The treatment 4L/2days recorded the highet number of leaves and branches, which were 104 and 18.3, respectively whereas, the treatment (6L/6days) recorded the lowest number of leaves (50.0) and the treatment (2L/6days) gave the lowest number of brancher, which was 13.0. Considering number of flowers, the treatment (6L/2days) gave the highest number of flowers, which was 8.7, whereas, the treatment (6L/6days) recorded the lowest number of flowers, which was 2.7. With respect to the fresh and dry weights, it was found that the treatment (6L/2days) recorded the highest weight (6.97gm and 3.80gm), respectively, whereas the treatment (4L/4days) gave the lowest weights, which were 3.33gm and 1.63gm, respectively, in comparison with all other treatments.
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    THE USE OF GROUND NUT HAY AS AMAIN SOURCE OF ROUGHAGE FOR DAIRY HEIFER REARING UP TO 14 MONTHS OF AGE
    (Al-Neelain University, 2008) Abass AbdElgadir Ali
    : ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to investigate about the use of ground nut hay as main source of roughage for post weaning dairy heifers rearing up to the age of 14 months . About thirty healthy Holstein Friesian dairy heifers of average aged of 4.5 months . from Azaheer dairy company were used . They were divided into two groups , experiment and control group each of about 15 dairy heifers . Two different feed ration were formulated , based on total mix ration system . In the control group the usual feed ration of the farm was used , which consisted of dry chopped sorghum straw roughage mixed with concentrates .In the experimental group the main roughage used was groundnut hay mixed with concentrates . The two mixed rations were fed through out the experiment period which extended for about 41 weeks . The experiment and control rations were divided into three different formulations depend on 2 ranged of age , from 3 – 9 month and 10 -15 months.. During the experiment period the following traits were investigated . Daily feed intake , weight gain per / day, final weight at the age of 14 months , total feed intake , and feed conversion ratio ( F C R ) . Economic of production , and finally the experiment group compared with control . The results of data analysis were appeared as follows : The mean weight gain for 41weeks of experiment was202.44± 32.29 kg and for control group was 192.70 ± 20.63 kg . Differences were not significant ( P > 0.05 ) . The mean final weight at14 months for experimental group was 295.71± 58.95 kg , and for control group 284.97 ± 40.63 kg . Differences were not significant ( P > 0.05 ) . The mean daily weight gain for experimental group was 0.71.± 71.42kg while for the control group was 0.67 ± 14.28 kg . Differences were not significant ( P > 0.05 ) . The mean daily feed intake for experimental group was 88.19 ± 12.07 kg , and for control group was 79.25 ± 11.76 kg . Differences were significant ( P<0.05 ) . The feed conversion efficiency for experimental group was 8.33 ± 28.82 kg , and for control group was 7.86 ± 98. 96 kg . Estimation of economical advantage of feeding groundnut hay indicated that , the cost of raising dairy heifers of experimental group is less by 20% form the cost of control group . Hence it concluded that special attention must be taken with Agricultural by–products , and the animals owners should be encouraged to use these by – products in the growing dairy heifers feeding . خلاصة الأطروحة أجريت هذه التجربة من أجل البحث في استخدام سفير الفول السوداني كمصدر أساسي للعلف لتربية عجلات اللبن من بعد الفطام و حتي عمر 14 شهر . وفد استخدمت في هذه التجربة عدد (30) ثلاثون عجلة بصحة جيدة من سلالة الهولستين فريزيان بمتوسط عمر 4.5 شهر. من مزرعة ألبان أزاهير . تم تقسيم هذه العجلات إلي مجموعتين كل منهما تحتوي عدد 15 عجلة تم إستخدام عليقتين مختلفتان عن بعضها البعض و مرتكزتان علي برنامج خلطة العليقة المتكاملة . في عليقة مجموعة الضابط إستخدمت العليقة العادية للمزرعة تم تركيبها من القصب الجاف المطحون مخلوط مع عناصر العليقة المركزة . تتكون عليقة مجموعة التجربة من سفير الفول السوداني كعلف أساسي للتجربة مخلوط مع عناصر العليقة المركزة كل واحدة من العليقتين إستخدمت في تغذية المجوعتين خلال فترة التجربة التي امتدت (41 أسبوع) . العليقتين تم تركيبها في ثلاثة خلطات مختلفة تم تخطيطها بناءً علي متوسط العمر في مداءين من 3 – 9 شهور ومن 10 -15 شهر من أجل الإيفاء بإحتياجات الحيوان ، خلال فترة التجربة تم إختبار الصفات الأتية : مقدار الأكل المستهلك اليومي ، الوزن المكتسب اليومي ، الوزن النهائي عند عمر 14 شهر ، الكمية الكلية المستهلكة من الغذاء ، معدل التحويل الغذائي ، اقتصاديات الإنتاج ، مقارنة التجربة بالضابط . نتائج التحليل الإحصائي للبحث كالأتي :- معدل الوزن المكتسب لمجموعة التجربة في مدة 41 أسبوع29.32 ± 202.44 كجم ولمجموعة الضابط 63.20 ± 192.70كجم وكان الفرق بينهما غير معنوي غير معنوي. (p > 0 . 0 5) معدل الوزن النهائي في عمر 14 شهر لمجموعة التجربة كان 95.58± 295.71 كجم و لمجموعة الضابط 63.40± 284.97 كجم و الفرق بينهما غير معنوي (p > 0 . 0 5) معدل الوزن المكتسب اليومي لمجموعة التجربة 71.42± 71. كجم و لمجموعة الضابط 28.14± 67.كجم و الفرق بينهما غير معنوي (p > 0 . 0 5) معدل الغذاء المستهلك اليومي لمجموعة التجربة 12.07± 88.19 كجم ولمجموعة الضابط 7611± 79.25 كجم و الفرق بينهما معنوي (p <0 . 0 5) معامل التحويل الغذائي لمجموعة التجربة 82.28± 8.33 كجم لمجموعة الضابط 96.98± 7.86 كجم . أتضح من الدراسة أن إستخدام سفير الفول السوداني يؤدي إلي خفض تكلفة تربية عجلات التجربة بنسبة 20% مقارنة بتكلفة عجلات الضابط . الجدوي الإقتصادية لإستخدام سفير الفول السوداني إتضح ذلك في خفض تكلفة تربية عجلات التجربة بنسبة 20% مقارنة بتكلفة عجلات الضابط . يتضح من التجربة الحالية أن إستخدام سفير الفول السوداني حتي 57% في تربية عجلات اللبن النامية عملياً ، و ذو جدوي إقتصادية و ليست له أي تأثير سلبي علي الصفات الإنتاجية . لذا توصي الدراسة بالإهتمام ببقايا المحاصيل الزراعية و توعية مربي الحيوان بإستخدامها كبدائل في علائق تربية العجلات
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    Studies on Helminthes of Some Parasites of Freshwater Fishes of Jebel Aulia Reservoir (South of Khartoum)
    (Al-Neelain University, 2008) Eshraga Dafa Alla Mahmoud Abu Bakar
    ABSTRACT OF THESIS An extensive parasitological survey was carried out on 307 freshwater fishes collected from the White Nile in an area Jebel Aulia Dam (South of Khartoum). The studied fishes were Bagrus bayad (bayad), Synodontis schall (gargur), Distichodus niloticus (Kharsha), Lates niloticus (Iigl), Labeo niloticus (Dabeis), Eutropius niloticus (Shillbaya), Clarias lazera (Garmout) .(and Teteraodon fahaka (Tambira The objective of the study were to carryout the following characteristic to describe of the endoparasites recovered with relevant .classification Measurement of Determination of prevalence rate Density of infection (33 .parasitic .Comparison of prevalence rates according to host species and seasons (34 Twenty one identified parasite species one of them metacercariae and one Larval forms are reported from the examined fishes. Four Trematodes, Allocreadium isoprum first record in the Africa and Sudan. Dadayius 2nd record in the Sudan and Africa Acathostomum spincipes, larval of .Clinostomum tilapia and metacercariae Seven Cestodes: Wenyonia virilis, Wenyonia sp, Sandonella sp. firs record for anew species and new host (Disticodus niloticus, Ophioteania synodontis first record in fish of Nile in the Sudan after description of .Woodland (1929) from the same host Synodontis schall Corallobothrium solidum, (Fritsch, 1886) second report in anew host (Clarias lazera), from the Sudan and represents anew subfamily (Protocephalinae), Houssayela sudabim, (Woodland, 1934). This represents the first report in African isolated from the freshwater fish Clarias lazera .and Polyonchobthrium polyptri from host Eurtopius niloticus 9 Seven- Nematodes: Procamallanus laeviconchus, (Wedl, 1986), Spirocamallanus spiralis, (Baylis, 1923), Camallanus sp. (Railliet and Henry, 1915) first reported in the white Nile in the Sudan, Spironoura sp (Khalil, 1962) anew species in the same host (Disticodus niloticus) Cucullanus sp (Khalil, 1965) Amplicaecum sp (Linnaeus, 1975) and larval of .Contraceacum sp (El Wasila, 1969) one species of Acathocephala sp 10 الخلاصــــة أجريت هذه الدراسة على 307 من أسماك المياه العذبة جمعت من النيل الأبيض بمنطقة خزان جبل أولياء جنوب الخرطوم وذلك لتحديد الطفيليات الداخلية بالأحشاء بهذه الأسماك وشملت ثمانية أنواع هي : باغرس بياد (بياض)، ديستسكوداس نايلوتيكس (خريشة)، ليتس نايلوتكس (عجل) أيتوربيس نايلوتيكس (شلباية)، وساينوتودونتس اسكول (قرقور)، كلاريس لاذارا (قرموط)، تترودون فهاكا (تامبيرة). تضمنت الدراسة الآتي:- A) وصف الأشكال الخارجية وتحديد مناسيب الإصابة وحدتها بالطفيليات الداخلية. B) مقارنة معدل الانتشار تبعاً لنوع الطفيل مع المواسم للسنتين 2003-2004/2004-2005م . C) تصنيف الطفيليات الداخلية والتي بلغت أعلى نسبة بالخيطيات حوالي 61.66 % وأدنى نسبة 3.39% أما نسبة الإصابة بالطفيليات ثنائية العائل أعلى نسبة 33.3% وأقل نسبة 6.59% حيث سجلت هذه النتائج المناسيب حسب الفصول للعامين 2003-2004 / 2004-2005م. تم التعرف على احدى وعشرين نوع من الطفيليات منها أربعة انواع من الديدان ثنائية العائل Trematodes . 1. الوكارديوم أيسوبورم (ستدويش، 1903). لاول مرة تسجل في السودان وفي أفريقيا. 2. كلينوستومم تيلابي (يرقة) (يوكلي ، 1966), 3. ديديس أسيبورم (نيوكي، 1929). 4. أكنثوا ستومم أسبنيسبس (توماس، 1958). 5. ونوع واحد من الـ Metacercariae غير معروفة. تم العثور على سبعة انواع من الديدان الشريطية A) ونيونيا فيرلس (وودلاند، 1923). B) نوع آخر من الـ ونيونيا (ريلت وهنري، 1915) C) سادندونيلا ساندوني (خليل، 1960) D) بولي انكوبوثريوم بولوبيتري، سجلت لأول مرة في عائل جديد. E) أوفتينيا سينودونتس (وودلاند، 1925). تسجل لأول مرة في المياه العذبة بالسودان. F) كلوروبوثريوم سوليدم (فيرستش، 1886). سجلت للمرة الثانية بالسودان في عائل جديد (القرموط) وكذلك سجلت تحت عائلة جديدة لهذا الطفيل. G) هوسيلا سبديام (وولاند، 1934). سجلت المرة الأولى بالسودان. الخيطيات: 1- بروكمالانس ليفيكونكس (ويدل، 1862) 2- أسابروكمالانس أسبايرالس (باليس، 1923). 3- كلاكولانس (خليل، 1965) 4- جنس جديد من أسبابروتورا (خليل، 1962) 5- جنس من امبالاسيكم ( لينيوس، 1758). 6- كمالانس (ريلت وهنري، 1915) سجلت للمرة الأولى بالسودان. 7- فيلومترا (خليل ، 1969) 8- يرقة كونتراسيكم (الوسيلة، 1979) شوكيات الرأس: أكانثوسفلا (خليل، 1961).