Masters theses : Medical Laboratory Science

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.neelain.edu.sd/handle/123456789/495

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Prostatic adenocarcinoma

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    Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 in Sudanese Patients diagnosed with Prostatic adenocarcinoma
    (Al-Neelain University, 2019) Namarig Mohammad Farah Al- Taybe
    Abstract: Introduction: Cyclin D1 is a protein that is expressed in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and that has an important role in regulating the cell cycle and cancer progression. Its over-expression is believed to play an important role in both the tumor-genesis and grading of many cancers, including prostatic carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1 in prostate cancer and its possible correlation with patients Gleason score. Material and method: This was a case control study which included 50 adenocarcinomas and 50 benign prostate hyperplasia. The expression of CyclinD1 was detected using immunohistochemistry technique. Immunohistochemistry prepared with tissue microarray has been also used with success in large scale efforts to create a map of protein expression on a more global scale. The histopathological diagnosis including tumor grades and diagnosis of control groups were all uploaded in an excel sheet. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical program. Result: The mean age was 66.7 for the case group and 60 for the control group. Cyclin D1 was expressed in cases group, the expression intensifies towards the advanced grades of cancer. And there was no expression for cyclin D1 in the majority of control group samples. Discussion: The mean age of the patients was within the common age of diagnosis of prostate cancer worldwide. Contradicting and agreeing with different international study; this study showed association between CyclinD1 expression and prostate cancer. And the significant association with the cancer grade indicates that Cyclin D1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and evolution of prostate cancer. الملخص: المقدمة: Cyclin D1 هو بروتين يعبر عنه في المرحلة G1 من دورة الخلية وله دور مهم في تنظيم دورة الخلية وتطور السرطان. يُعتقد أن الإفراط في التعبير يلعب دورًا مهمًا في كل من نشأة الورم وتصنيف العديد من أنواع السرطان ، بما في ذلك سرطان البروستاتا. كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم التعبير عن cyclin D1 في سرطان البروستاتا وارتباطه المحتمل مع درجة Gleason للمرضى. الوسائل والطرق: شملت هذه دراسة 50 عينة سرطان بروستاتا و 50 عينة تضخم البروستاتا الحميد كمجموعة مستخدمة للمقارنة . تم الكشف عن تعبير CyclinD1 باستخدام كيمياء الأنسجة المناعية. تم إدخال جميع بيانات المريض ، بما في ذلك درجات الورم وكذلك تشخيص المجموعة المستخدمة للمقارنة في ورقة إكسل. تم إجراء تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج SPSS الإحصائي. النتائج: كان متوسط العمر 66.7 لمجموعة الحالة و 60 للمجموعة المستخدمة للمقارنة, أظهرت الدراسة أن تعبير Cyclin D1 في مجموعة الحالات كان موجب الظهور ويكثف التعبير نحو الدرجات المتقدمة من السرطان.بينما في المجموعة المستخدمة للمقارنة كان تعبير Cyclin D1 سالب الظهور في أغلب العينات . المناقشة: كان متوسط عمر المرضى ضمن العمر المشترك لتشخيص سرطان البروستاتا في جميع أنحاء العالم. يتعارض ويوافق مع دراسة دولية مختلفة ؛ أظهرت هذه الدراسة وجود ارتباط بين التعبير CyclinD1 وسرطان البروستاتا حيث أنه يزيد تعبير البروتين مع زيادة درجة السرطان . وعليه فإن تعبير بروتينCyclinD1 يمكن الإعتماد عليه في تشخيص سرطان البروستاتا والتفريق بينه وبين تضخم البروستاتا الحميد.
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    Calculation of argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (Ag-NOR) in Sudanese Patients diagnosed with Prostatic adenocarcinoma
    (Al-Neelain University, 2019) Mohamed Eltayeb Mohamed Abdulbagi
    In Sudan; the incidence of prostate cancer is high and it is the most common cancer in men. Differentiating between benign and malignant lesions could be difficult especially in early stages. The difficulties could increase when result is needed in a short time and concrete diagnosis and grading is tricky. Ag-NOR is one of the stains that test the NOR regions in the chromosomes which indicates the degree of DNA expression that can differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. In this study we used Ag-NOR stain in order to test nuclear activity in normal cell compared to benign and to sort out the differences with tumor grade. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective case control study that includes about 100 cases. Half were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma and the rest are begin prostatic hyperplasia used as controls group. Details of the patients were recorded which included their age, residence and grade of cancer. The samples were then cut into sections using light microscope, each of 5micron thickness. One section was subjected to Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E), and the second was stained with silver nitrate stain for the detection of Ag-NOR stains. Degree of differentiation was estimated and correlated with the Gleason score and the outcome of the staining. Results: The mean age of the case group was 69 years and for the control group was 61. The majority of the participants in both groups were from Khartoum state. Most of the adeoncarcinoma were grade 3. In terms of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Region (Ag- NOR) count per nucleus, the number of spot/dots in benign lesions was less than the count observed in malignant lesions per nucleus. Furthermore, the number of dots increases with the advanced grade of tumor. Discussion: The mean age case group is almost similar to the common known age of men diagnose with prostate cancer. Khartoum province is where the main cancer treatment centers are located that is why patients transfer to Khartoum for medical care. The advanced stage at diagnosis is not accommodate with prostate cancer but is possible especially with the lack of diagnostic centers affect early diagnosis. Ag-NOR count per nucleolus is higher in tumor cells than in cancer cell shows the expressive biological process that differentiate cancer cell from benign.