Masters theses : Economic

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Start date: 2001

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    Resources Utilization in Traditional Rain-Fed Agriculture in Sudan A Case Study of Shiekan Rural Area North Kordofan State
    (ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY, 2001-04) Abdelle Moneim Hamad Elseed Mohammedd Noor
    Abstract This study is solely on traditional Rain-fedagriculture, taking Shiekan rural area ofNor1hern Kordofan state as a case study . The major theme ofthe present study is to examine the economic rationale of traditional farmers in the utilization ofresources at their disposal and the influence of technical and luunan factors on the decision of farmers in Shiekan rural area . The present study focussed on identifying the production decisions that farmers make; and identity factors which influence these decisions and determine the extend to which decisions change over the agriculture season . The production decisions include the following : (l) crops planted, area planted and allocation ofarea to crops; (2) planting dates for various crops; (3)methods ofplanting, rotations followed and varieties grown; (4) utilization ofinputs other than labor, and labor utilization . Endogenous and Exogenous factors influencing these decisions are carried out mainly to determine the profitability and viability of resources utilization in traditional agriculture and its sustainability . The study adopted descriptive, comparative and an analytical methodological approach to describe, compare and analyze the farming system in the study area . Tabular analysis, labor and land profiles are used to describe the system and provide a better understanding ofthe production process . Representative sample of I00 household farmers was selected and interviewed during the I998/9‘) season . Six mouths ofrcsidenee were devoted to gathering systematic data through questionnaire . The study revealed that, land ownership is still a diflicult problem in the area; the distribution oflandtendsto be distorted in favor ofa minority ofOmda, Shiekh and their relatives . The principal effect of the land tenure system has been increased fragmentation, deterioration and destruction of land . The main crops found to be planted in the area are millct_ groundnuts, sesame and sorghum . Although productivity ofmillet and sesame is declining and productivity of groundnuts and sorghum is increasing, farmers concentrate on the cultivation oi‘ millet and sesame paradoxically . The use of tractor and animal traction have increased cultivated area and productivity but it intensified desertification and reduced land fertility . An important draw-backofthe agricultural system in Shiekan rural area is its neglect oflivestock . Under price liberalization, a poor farmer sells his production early at low price to meet his needs . llence there is no saving to be reinvested in traditional agriculture . To rectify these imbalances in the farming systems the study recommended the following : a) There is a need to improvement in teclmology, flexibility and security in the land tenure system . b) Substitution ofmillet and sesame by the most prolitablc crops of groundnuts and sorghum . c) Research on introduction of new teclmical packages for small farmers should start at the farm level, and work backward to the research stations . d) There must be essential improvements and input which are needed to improve an existing farming situation and to provide them in the form ofintegrated package .
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    دور الجامعات في تنميئة المجتمعات المحلية (دراسة مجتمعات القضارف)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2006) عبدالوهاب عبدالله يوسيف ابراهيم
    A bstract Poverty and its control l1ave been given much concern from researchers and decision — maker, not only at the level of Sudan, but throughout the world. Much effort was done to decrease a11d control poverty. This study was done about the effect of these efforts through identifying the role of smaller grants in controlling and limiting poverty in Khartoum locality, the study included “Family Bank” as a case study. The importance of this study came from tackling one of the important issues in social development and that was controlling poverty and its effects, through study of beneficiaries from small grants of “Family Bank" to reach results and reconnnendations to enrich the scientific discussion about the topic, and to give practical assessment to the experience. The study also aimed at identifying the extent to which small grants have participated in mitigating the adverse effects of poverty in Khartoum locality for clients who have been given financial support for their schemes. One of the aims was also to assess the effect of awareness, education and social status of the family in directing and making success from these small schemes. The study used the descriptive method and the case study type through describing and analyzing data. It used systematic random sample, through taking a sample of the beneficiaries supplied by the “Family Bank”, Khartoum locality. The sample size was I00 individual (study unit). Data was collected using close — ended questionnaire from the beneficiaries of Family Bank, the main branch and Abu Hamama branch, Khartoum locality. Interviews were done with responsible persons of the bank. Management and analysis of data were done by SPSS program. J
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    تكيف المعاقين في مؤسسات العمل واثره علي البيئة
    (جامعة النيلين, 2012) علي أحمدعلي نصر
    Abstract The study tackled adaptation of persons with disability in work institutions and the effect of this on development. ln the frame work of benefiting from their capabilities to achieve development, persons with disability as an integral section of the society, will they be able to attain full adaptation in work institutions; and how that aspect can be full field; what impact this can have on development, and what work institutions and society need to offer so that their potentials can be made use of in the field of development. The problem was more vividly expressed in reflections of the study. The research was passed on a number of reflections, the most important of them that was the law of recruiting disables activated? ; did persons with disability get assault for their actual role? ; What are the difficulties in countered by this population at work? ; is adaptation for members of this populations is attainable at work‘? ; How capabilities of this population can be utilized in the field of development. The target group included disables employees in Khartoum state who have been recruited according to the law in 2010 — 2011. The descriptive method was used for its ability to describe the research field to give lucid picture, also the statistical method was used in analyzing data and information through field work to find out scientific facts by interpreting the digital evidences to descriptive results that could be utilized and compared.
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    العمالة الاجنبية واثارها الاجتماعية في ولاية الخرطوم
    (جامعة النيلين, 2013) عفاف محمد ادم ادريس
    this search examined foreign worker in the state of Khartoum and it's social impact on the Sudanese society, case study Khartoum Bahri locality Aldiom neighborhood and their impact on society from different aspects, and acceptability of Sudanese society for these expats. research included a number of questions is how can a hannonization between the needs of society Sudanese expatriate workers and protect the community from it's effects? Do expats Sudan immigrant labor or imported labor? Are the laws andvprocedures goveming the entry and movement of foreigners sufficient to reduce the negative impacts and maximize the positive effects? Are expats are caused by an increase in the tmemployment rate Sudanese society‘? What are the social implications of foreign labor? Are there any social effects (economic, health, cultural, security)? The researcher used the survey method social and historical approach as adopted in the collection of data and information on the questionnaire and interviews as sources in addition to some preliminary studies and working papers, workshops and seminars and the Intemet as secondary sources.. The research community is Khartoum North (Aldiom), and the sample group of residents were selected by simple random sample, and theories used in the research theory of push and pull factors and Attractions, and the theory of cultural diffusion. Research included four chapters, chapter I Introduction, Chapter II Section I of the theoretical framework and the theory of push and pull factors and cultural diffirsion theory and the second section of previous studies, Chapter III Section I to the immigration history of the Sudan and the migration of foreign labor, and section II of foreign labor and their preparation, their nationalities and professions. Chapter IV field work data were analyzed statistically by a program (spss) and researcher reached to several results, including: that Sudan's borders open and spacious allowing entry expats and sneaking and it is difficult to control and that the numbers of sneaking expats can not be counting, and Sudan became a magnet for foreign workers seeking a living and improve economic level which leads to increased flow of foreign workers. The foreign workers employment, mostly in the marginal benefit economically and do not contribute so much to an increase in national income, and do not need to train, and it entered the culture, traditions and practice of this culture and its influence on society without being affected by it. The most important recommendations: the need for COI‘lC8l'l6d efforts to control and registration of foreign workers, determine the actual need of the country to foreign workers. Establishing data base and integrated data for foreign presence to be a reference in dealing with a foreign presence.
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    دور الوقف في التخفيف من حدة الفقر (دراسة حالة هيئة الأوقاف الإسلامية – ولاية الخرطوم خلال الفترة 2010-2018)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2019) احمد الطيب محمد مصطفي احمد
    تناولت الدراسة دور الوقف في التخفيف من حدة الفقر خلال الفترة 2010 – 2018 وذلك بدراسة حالة هيئة الأوقاف الإسلامية ولاية الخرطوم، تمثلت مشكلة البحث في كيفية التخفيف من الفقر عن طريق الوقف. هدفت الدراسة الي التخلص من الفقر عن طريق اهم أدوات الاقتصاد الإسلامي (الوقف)، والي إعادة توزيع الدخل وخلق نوع من التكافل بين الأغنياء والفقراء. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي في عملية تحليل البيانات. توصلت الدراسة الي عدة نتائج أبرزها: الوقف له إيرادات واصول لا يستهان بها حيث يساهم مساهمة متواضعة في معالجة مشكلة الفقر، دعمت هيئة الأوقاف بنود عدة حيث تدعم الفقر بصورة مباشرة وغير مباشرة، ساعد الوقف على إعادة توزيع الثروة بين الافراد والجماعات. اوصت الدراسة بآلاتي: الاهتمام ببند الفقراء واعطائه أولوية نسبة لزيادة اعداد الفقراء في العصر الحاضر نظرا للتدهور الاقتصاد السوداني في هذه الفترة، توجيه الأموال المخصصة للفقراء في انشاء مشاريع إنتاجية يستفيد منها الفقراء بتوفير التمويل للمشروع والمتابعة المستمرة وتدريبهم قبل بداية المشروع لضمان نجاحه واستمراره، فتح الباب للصندوق الوقفي لدعم الفقراء عن طريق صكوك وقفية وتكون مفتوحة للجميع. The study examined the role of Waqf in alleviating poverty between 2010 and 2018 by examining the case of the Islamic Endowments Authority in Khartoum state, the problem of research is how to alleviate poverty through Waqf. The study aimed to get rid of poverty through the most important tools of the Is-lamic economy (Waqf), to redistribute income and create a kind of interdependence between rich and poor. The descriptive method was used in the data analysis process. The study reached several conclusions, most notably: waqf has significant reve-nues and assets where it contributes a modest contribution to addressing the problem of poverty, the Waqf supported several items where it supports poverty directly and indirectly, helped waqf to redistribute wealth between individuals and groups. The study recommended that the poor be taken care of and given priority in or-der to increase the number of poor people in the present era due to the deterioration of the Sudanese economy in this period, directing funds allocated to the poor in the establishment of productive projects that benefit the poor by providing financing for the project and continuous follow-up and training before the start of the project to ensure its success and continuity, opening the door to the endowment fund to support the poor through waqf instruments cgtand available to all.
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    wledge and Attitudes among Governmental Secondary Schools Students Regarding Substance Abuse — Elfasher city — Northern Darfur State
    (Neelain University, 2019) Elhodairy Hamza Elshafee Shreef
    Abstract Background: Substance abuse continues to be major risk behavior, accompanied with physical and /or mental health complications/consequences among the younger generation, and in particular among students is an epidemic form that has been causing great public concern. Aims: the aims of this study were to assess the knowledge and attitude among governmental secondary schools students regarding substance abuse in elfashir city —northern Darfur state. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional school base study design was carried out among boys governmental secondary schools which selected randomly 8 secondary schools in alfashir city, northern Darfur state, the sample size was 384, stratified random sample was used to distribute the sample according to number of students in each selected schools , the data about knowledge and attitude were collected by used questionnaire which contained 22 questions, data were analyzes by statistical package for social science, version 21, and presentation in figures and tables. Results: general level of knowledge about substance abuse was found good (78.5%) and positive attitude toward substance abuse (60%). There is significant association between the students‘ knowledge and education level of parents. Students abused drugs most of them abused cigarette smoke (18.5%), (9.9%) used sniffing, (4.2%) used kharsha, (4.2%) used alcohol, (3.4%) used amphetamine, (2.6%) used cannabis. Source of abused drugs mainly from friends (78.l0%). There was significant association between parents abused substance and attitude toward imitated by their children. And there was significant association between family income and students abused cigarette smoke. Conclusion and recommendation: The majority of participant's had good knowledge about substance abuse and it is effects, the attitudes showed positives most, users had cigarette smoke. School health program should be more active to build awareness to secondary schools students about substance abuse.
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    National Food Security in the Sudan measurements and implications
    (Al Neelain University, 2002-05) Rasheeda Mohazized El-Doush
    The principal objective of this research is to measure (assess) the extent and nature of the national food security in the Sudan during 1998s and I990s_ The research is built-on an introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The first chapter reviews the concepts of food security, the main forms and approaches of food insecurity, and selected studies deal with the question of the measurenzent of national food security in the Sudan. The second chapter provides an outlook of the food and agriculture, including the origin and development of the “ bread basket ” strategy, in the Sudan. Then chapter three, which constitutes the core section of the research, provides a preliminarily evaluation of the state of food security in the Sudan based on of a set of criteria associated with levels and degrees of" sufliciency, stability, autonomy, equity and sustainability. The research concludes to a “ national Zood securitv composite indicator ” of 48.23 %. which in turn, reveals an exciting as well as policy-oriented results and implications of certain amount of relevance to food security strategies at the national level.