أثر تطبيق معايير المحاسبة والمراجعة في تحسين نوعية المعلومات المحاسبيــة في المنشـآت الربحيــة

Abstract

Abstract This research deals with the effect of application of accounting and audit standards on improvement of quality of accounting information, in profit-seeking enterprises, the research problem represented in raising five queries: 1- To what extent, that accounting and audit standards, depend on conceptual framework, that affects, measuring and demonstrating of financial statements. 2- The extent of commitment, of Sudanese enterprises, in applying the standards of audit and accounting. 3- The extent of impact of application of accounting and audit standards, on improving the quality and characteristics, of the produced accounting information. - 4- To what extent that, the application of accounting standards could affect, the confidence of financial statements’ beneficiaries. 5- To what extent, it is correct that, committing to applying accounting standards, leads to make rational decisions. The researcher has adopted tow methods in collecting data and testing hypotheses, the first one, is the questionnaire, and the second one, is the reality of professional practice, based on observation, mainly reviewing accounting procedure and method of demonstration, and disclosure of financial statements at many profitable enterprises that represent the research selective sample. Research reviews, the origination and development of accounting and audit standards. Focusing mainly, on intemational standards issued by pioneer professional organizations, for instance, American Accounting Standards, British Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards, Sudanese Accounting Standards, (no longer being applied in the wake of applying the intemational standards), Saudi Arabia Accounting Standards, in addition to Islamic standards issued by the Corporation of Financial Accounting for Banks and Islamic Financial Institutions, based in Bahrain. The research aims to assure, the significance of adhering to the latest accounting and audit standards, that sponsored by pioneering countries, Which, preceded Sudan in this regard, in the wake of specific norms and standards, that the world is lobbing for.

This might help facing challenges posed by globalization and free trade organizations, besides the impact of applying the international standards on the confidence of financial statements infonnation. This accordingly helps in making rational decisions based on such information. To achieve the research's goals the following hypotheses have been tested throughout analyzing inquiries of a questionnaire designed by the researcher, and throughout attending at the reality of professional practice of sample of enterprises, in question: l. The relationship between accounting standards and the conceptual framework of accounting as one of its constituents, leads to the accuracy of measurement, demonstration, and disclosure of fmancial statements elements, as well as financial center of enterprise and work output. 2. The commitment of enterprises in application of accounting standards in disparity rates leads to difficulty of comparing the output of financial statements. 3. Implementation of accounting standards conduces to improve the quality and characteristics of produced information. 4. Application of accounting and audit standards leads to increase the confidence of financial statements’ users. 5. Continuation and abiding by the application of accounting standards, leads to take the rational decisions. The researcher has arrived at the following findings: 1. The researcher has proved the correctness of the five- abovementioned theses. 2. Variation in accounting treatment as a result to variation of the kind applied (International American and Others) leads to variation of figures and information promulgated in the financial statements. 3. Lack of obligatory laws whether international or local, conduces to the lack of commitment to disseminating and applying accounting and audit standards. 4. There is an urgent need for the establishment of Independent Corporation to arbitrate the overall requirements of practicing accounting and audit professions, as well as to supervise, issue and disseminate accounting and audit standards and following up its implementation. 5. Absences of accounting standards has a negative impact on the national economy as a whole, and it may lead to difficulty of taking decisions, moreover, it may lead to make wrong decisions, as well as complicating the process of decisions making. 6. Sudanese enterprises vary in extent of application of accounting standards on its financial statements. In the light of the research findings, the researcher recommends the following: - Establishment of independent National Corporation, to be responsible for the development of accounting and audit profession in the Sudan. ~ Issuance of national standards derived from regional and international standards to meet the requirements of our own environment. - Khartoum stock exchange should push forward enterprises dealing with stock market to issue financial statements according to accounting standards. - Overall enterprises should be obliged to apply the demonstration and disclosure norm (as a minimum limit) on its fmancial statements to achieve transparency.