THE SUSCEPTABILITY OF SALMONELLA typhi AND paratyphi TO FIVE lV[_EDICINAL PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Abstract

This thesis investigated the susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi to five medicinal Sudanese plants commonly used in Sudanese traditional medicine for abdominal infections. - The preliminary Antimicrobial screening tests wefe performed by the cup-plate agar diffusion method using polar and non-polar extracts of the five p1ants,namely Khaya senegalen.s'is,Senna alexandrina,S0lenostemna argel, Tamarindus indica L and T rigonella fizenumgraecum. The screening revealed that petroleum? ether extracts (non-polar) possess very weak activity (except that of T. foenum graecum (Helba) plant against Salmonellae, while the methanolic l ' ' ' (po at) extracts of all samples showed positive effect against Salmonellae. An in-vitro comparison of the activity of five drugs of choice used for the treatment of typhoid, namely Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Chloromphenicol Stre t ' , p omycin, and Trimexazole, with the activity of the plants’ extracts, was also conducted The minimum inhibitory concentration: (MIC) of each extract was determined by the dilution method. The results indicated that the most effective extract was th eth 1' e m ano ic extract of T1 mdzca L (Aradaib) plant which has MIC = 25mg/ml that completely inhibited the growth of Salmonellae. ‘ Fractionation and isolation of the active ingredients of the methanolic extract of T. indica L were performed by Column Chromatography and Preparative Thin Layer Chr . . . . omatography (PTLC) giving eight fractions. Structure of the isolated compound from the active ingredient of the metha 1' no ic extract of T. indica L was tentatively identified by Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (MS) method, and the phytochemical analysis of these two methods demonstrated that the active compound is: 2- Benzene dicarboxylic acid diisooct l ester hi h h _ , , y , w c as a molecular formula C2 H O 1 ' ‘ ‘ ' 4 33 4, amo ecular weignt 390.5561 and a chemical structure - In-viva experiments were conducted to assess the toxicological profiles of the active methanolic extract of T. indica L (Aradaib) on 40 Wister Albino rats, using 14 da s t y acu e, with injecting a single dose of 50 ingl kg body weight, and 28 days sub chronic with doses of250, 500, 1000 ' ' ' and 2000 mg / kg body weight administered orally. The results reveled that there is nether neither iacute nor sub-chronic toxicity displayed from the applied different concentrations of the extracts.