Evaluation of Macular in Diabetic Patients by Optical Coherence Tomography and Fundus Camera

Abstract

Preface: Diabetic mellitus type 2 is greatly influenced to macular by increase central macular thickness, change macular appearance and visual function, visual acuity, color vision and central visual field. Aim: To evaluate macular in diabetic patients type 2 by using optical coherent tomography and fundus camera. Methods: Case control study was conducted in Makkah eye complex located in Khartoum AlRyad, in period (August toDecember2016). Total of 90 patients enrolled in this study; their ages varied between 40 to 65years with (30 healthy patients, 30 controlled diabetes patients and 30 uncontrolled diabetes patients), were asked to participate in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary. Information was collected by interviews and clinical examination. Visual acuity measured by Snellens’s E chart, central visual field by amsler chart, color vision by Ishihara test, central macular thickness by OCT (ZEISS-Cirrus HD-OCT model 5000) and macular appearance by fundus camera (ZEISS). The data were analysed using (SPSS 20). Result: The research results reveals is greatly influenced to macular in diabetic patients type 2.Healthy group study revealed (30%) same affected in color vision and central visual field. The central macular thickness by OCT showed that (>56%) have normal central thickness and with mean 265.7 and SD±94.22 and showed (76.7%) have normal macular appearance. Controlled diabetes study patients revealed duration of diabetes range between (1-32) years, 60% with duration (11-20) years mean 12.63 and SD±7.25.More than 38% showed central visual field defect,40% were unable to discriminate colours correctly; showed (56.6%) >250 micro meter indicated an increase in central macular thickness, with mean 320.1 and SD±164.06. Considering appearance using fundus camera; (>33.3%) diabetic maculopathy. Uncontrolled diabetes study patients revealed, duration of diabetes range (2-35) years, (>53%) with duration (11-20) years, mean 15.75 and SD ±8.35; (>61.7%) showed the same defects in colour vision and central visual field. Considering central macular thickness (75%) indicated an increase in macular thickness >250 micro meters represent with mean 349.2 and SD±144.84. The results obtained by fundus photography 48.3% maculopathy according to CMT found significant differences between normal subjects and uncontrolled diabetes by using pair sample t-tes P-value ≤ 0.001; and not significant with control group P -value > 0.005, furthermore there were no correlation in both groups, P-value > 0.005.Visual acuity indicated significant difference between normal subjects and uncontrolled diabetes by using paired sample t-test P value ≤ 0.001 and not significant with control group > 0.005, furthermore there were no correlation in both groups r > 0.005. Conclusions: Macular in diabetes patients type2 was influenced by many factors including age, gender and duration of diabetes. Greatly influenced to three quarter (75%) of uncontrolled diabetes patients had shown an increase in the central macular thickness, change macular appearance and visual functional as visual acuity, central visual field and colour vision. Longitudinal study is recommended. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Maculopathy, OCT, Fundus Photography, Functional Vision.