WA TER A AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANI TA ON IN DISPLA CED AREAS, (KHAIRTOUM STA TE)

Abstract

The main objective of this investigation was to study the problem of water , environmental sanitation and its impacts on the health of the people in displaced camps. Four displaced camps; Al Salaaln,Gebel Awlia ,Mayo and Karton Kassala shantytown in Khartoum State which selected for investigation. l0 samples from the groundwater resources in the displaced areas were examined physically and chemically, and 21 samples from the same sources were examined bacteriologically.l20 samples from the drinking water containers (Zeer, plastic containers,etc..) of the displaced people were examined bacteriologically. Water resources in the displaced areas were physically and chemically fit for human consumption according to the WHO guidelines except total hardness (TH) which was ranging between] 52-308 mg/l with mean 242.8 mg/l. The microbial quality of water resources in the displaced areas showed that the mean count of total bacteria ranging between 47 x103/ml to 260 x103/ml, and the mean count of thennotolerant coliform ranging between ( 0 to 11MPN/100ml). E. coli was not detected in these resources and this means there is no human faecal pollutants. However, /Laerogenes was ranging between 25% to 60% and E.frundii was ranging between 0 % to 30% of the isolates examined. The drinking water in the displaced containers was highly contaminated by bacteriological pollutants higher than the recommended WHO level. The mean count of total bacteria was ranging between 125x103/ml to 278x104/ml, the mean count of thermotolerant colifonn was ranging between 7-140 MPN/100ml with mean 3.59MPN/ 100ml and the percent of E.c0/1' was ranging between (1% to 60%) . The questionnaires showed that the reasons of water pollution in the displaced areas were; low levels of water consumption, which ranging between 15 liter/c/d to 29 liter/c/d, low mean monthly income which ranging between (89,00 to 199,00 SD.), and poor environmental sanitation awareness in the displaced areas. The presence of sanitation facilities were ranging between 30% to 67%. In addition to the careless of the displaced people by the personal