Comparative Study of Callus Induction, Oil Constituent, Phytochemical Screening and Genentic Profiles of Seeds Extracts of Jatropha glauca L. and Jatropha curcas L

Abstract

Abstract The aims of this study was to compare callus induction, oil constituent, phytochemical screening and genetic profile of two Jatropha species; a cultivated (J. curcas) and a wild (J. glauca) collected from two different regions of Sudan (Omdurman and Sinkat respectively). The biochemical constituents were determined and the seeds extracts of J. curcas and J. glauca were screened for their accumulated metabolic compounds. Results indicated that J. glauca has more total sugars, amino acids and saponin contents than J. curcas, while the later has more protein, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoid and resins contents. No reducing sugars and tannins were detected in the two species and there was no variation of the alkaloids. To investigate the physical and chemical properties of the seeds oil of the two species, the physicochemical analyses were carried out using standard analytical methods. Results showed that the specific gravity and refractive index at 25◦C were 0.943 and 1.473 for J. curcas compared to 0.951 and 1.470 for J. glauca. The recorded acid values, saponification number, peroxide values and percentage of free fatty acid (mg KOH/g oil) were, in order, 9.537 and 14.025; 193.40 and 206.70; 1.93 and 2.3; 4.769 and 7.012 for J. curcas and J. glauca, respectively. On the other hand, iodine values (100g/g oil) were 114.64 and 117.08 for J. curcas and J. glauca, respectively. Fatty acids composition of the two species were revealed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The dominant unsaturated fatty acids of J. curcas seeds oil were oleic acid (37.03%) and linoleic acid (21.60%). Comparatively, the unsaturated fatty acids of J. glauca were linoleic acid (51.74%) and oleic acid (15.37%). The saturated fatty acids of the two species were approximately similar. The effect of different concentrations of two types of auxins 2,4-D (2, 4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) on callus induction using leaves and hypocotyls explants in MS medium of two species of Jatropha were revealed. 100% &90% of callus induction were achieved on (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D & NAA auxins respectively, using hypocotyls and leaves explants after four weeks. The maximum callus index was observed on the MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D as 4.0 , whereas the same medium contain 1.0 mg/l NAA obtained the high callus index 3.8 when the hypocotyls segment were the explants. The texture of J. curcas callus was friable, nodular and granule. The same callus texture was obtained from J. glauca . The color of callus of J. curcas was pale green, whereas callus of J. glauca was creamy color. VIII The genetic differences between the two species were assessed using RAPD markers. Out of the 40 amplified RAPD primers, 30 produced 175 bands of which 141 were polymorphic. The number of bands generated per primer varied from 1 (OPC17, OPH4, OPK17, OPR6 and OPY15) to 10 (OPR15) and the size of the amplified products varied from 100 to 1700 bp. The genetic similarity between the two species was 19.5%. Results also indicate that 12 RAPD primers have shown amplification products with J. curcas and never with J. glauca. On the other hand, 9 primers amplified DNA of J. glauca only. From the study we can concluded that the seed oil of J. curcas may be more suitable for biodiesel production, and seed oil of J. glauca a potentials source for future industrial use.