Chemical and Physical Characteristics of oils of seeds of some Cmaferea Plants Growing in the Sudan . ( A comparative Study )

Abstract

Abstract Seeds of four species of the family Cructfirea were analyzed for seed Crude protein, Crude fiber, total ash ,and oil contents using Petroleum ether (40-60C°) as the solvent for extraction .The physical and chemical characteristics such as : Acid value, Saponification value unsaponiable matter , Peroxide and iodine value, Colour, refractive index, relative viscosity ,and relative density of oils were determined . Phytochemical screening of oil samples, and Thin layer chromatography were used to detect the expected compounds in Cructfirea oil seeds.Triterpenoids , flovanoid aglycones ,and phenolic acids were detected in all species. Fatty acids and other compounds in the oils were determined by Gas chromatography /mass spectrometric analysis. 13-Docosenoic acid(Erucic acid)generally highly considered in cruciferous plants was 21.15% in ‘Emca sativus and 36.05% in Rapfianus satillu_s.Oih8r acids found in the four species were hexadecanoic,9-Octadecen0iC,0ctadecanoic, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic,9,12,15-octadecatrienoic,1 1-eicosanoic, eicosenoic,docosonoic ,15-tetracosenoic ,tetrac0sanoic and the di iso — octyl ester of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid . Data from the literature based on previous studies in oils from other countries showed some differences in composition and yield .These differences may be due to the variations in the climate ,soil and geographic location .