A thesis Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the M.Sc Degree in Physics (Material Science)

Abstract

Abstract In this research, the physical properties of hen and begion egg shell were investigated by using different techniques; namely X-ray diffraction, X-ray (XRD) Fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and UV-visible spectroscopy devices. XRF indicated the existence of (Calcium, Copper and Strontium) and their concentration of elements were different but the highest one of Calcium. The optical properties were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and the high absorption for begion eggshell at 211 and 217nanometer we found energy band gap 3.7 and 4.08electron volt for sample 0.01 and 0.03gram respectively. Whereas the high absorption for hen eggshell at 244and 288nanometer we found energy band gap 3.91and 4.00electron volt for sample 0.01, and 0.03gram respectively. Also were study the stricture properties by X-ray diffraction and found to be hexagonal for two samples.