Phytochemical and Biological Screeningai Aloe sinkatana Reynolds

Abstract

Plants have been used for many generations for healing purposes, and screening of extracts of these plants has often yielded positive results. In particular, plants with (antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and toxicity of the plant are the subject of much investigation. The present work focuses on isolating the compounds responsible for biologyical activity of extracts of Aloe sinkatana, fam. Aloeceae. " In the first part of the present study, crude extracts of different parts of the plant were investigated for their chemical composition and biologyical activity. Preliminary investigations were carried out to select the plant extracts of the highest activity for further investigation. The extracts were screened for phytochemical constituents: alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids/sterols and anthraquinones and assessed for their biologyical activities against five Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis and two fungi: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans by the agar diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was carried out andthe alcoholextract gave high activity .Anticancer activity also was carried out for both extracts and compounds against five human cells( (HEPG ,HEP2, HCF7,HCTn6 andIHELA) and they gave significant inhibition zone. The second part of this study dealt with evaluation of preliminary screening and assessment results of the said extracts. The plant Asinkatana was selected for further investigation based on its promising biological activity. The leaves material of the plant was extracted exhaustively in a Soxhlet apparatus using successively solvents with different polarities. The methanol extract of the leave was selected for further fractionation based on bioautographic results. Isolation of active compounds from the methanol extract were carried out using bioassay-guided fractionation. Selection of the active‘ fractions for further fractionation was carried out by the bioautographic technique since it is sensitive, easier and more rapid. Column chromatogramphy monitored by TLC and recrystallization techniques were used in fractionation and isolation of pure compounds. Various spectroscopic techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectrometry were used for structure elucidation of the isolated compounds. Six compounds were isolated anamely (Anthrone,A1oe- emodine,Hydroxymethy1-9, 10 anthraquinone,Hydro quinone,Carboxy-9-ethyl- 1,4,6,9,1l-pentahydroxy-5,12~naphthacenedione and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid.)