The Effect of Aluminum Salts as water Coagulants on Lipid profile, Liver and Kidney function in Wistar Rats

Abstract

The main.objective of this study were, to assess the toxic effect of

Aluminum Salts concentration on lipid profile, liver and kidney function

in Wistar rats, while specific objectives of this study are to assess the

effects of Aluminum salts on: Blood Profile, The liver enzymes (AST and

ALT) and kidney creatinine, the histopathology change of Liver and

kidney in wistar rats. The study includes 150 rats classified into 50 rats

for each (Aluminum sulphate, Aluminum chloride and mixture of

Aluminum sulphate and Aluminum chloride). Rats were randomly

divided into five groups (50 male per experiment and 10 rats for each

group) as follow: Group one (G1) represented control (without

treatment), Group two (G2) received tap water, Group three (G3)

received dose of 50 mg/kg/day Al (SO4)3. 16H2O, Group four (G4)

received orally 60 mg/kg/day dose of Al (SO4)3. 16H2O and Group five

(G4) received 70 mg/kg/day dose of Al (SO4)3. 16H2O.The same design

for aluminum chloride and mixture of both aluminum sulphate &

aluminum chloride. The experimental study was carried out at Al-

Neelain University from February 2014 up to October 2014. Rats were

initially located in the metabolic cage for eleven days to adapt the lab

environment. After eight weeks all rats were sacrificed and blood or

serum samples, kidney and livers were taken for analysis of lipid

profile, liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) & alanine

aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, hematological parameters and

histopathology of kidney and liver respectively. Then results of blood

parameters for rats treated with aluminum sulphate showed

significantly decreased (P ≤0.05) in PCV%, Hb and Neutrophils and

significantly increased (P ≤0.05) in Lymphocytes &WBCs. Lipid profile

(Triglycerides, LDL and HDL) significantly increased (P ≤0.05).

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Creatinine significantly increased (P ≤0.05) ALT activity was

significantly decreased (P ≤0.05) whereas AST activity was significantly

increased (P ≤0.05) compared to the control. The results of blood

profile for rats treated with aluminum chloride revealed significantly

decreased (P ≤0.01) in Hb, RBCs Neutrophils and PCV, whereas

Lymphocytes, MCHC and WBCs were significantly increased (P ≤0.05).lipid

profile (Triglycerides, LDL) significantly increased (P ≤0.01) whereas

HDL significantly decreased (P ≤0.01). Creatinine & liver enzymes (ALT

&AST) showed significant increased (P ≤0.01). The results of blood

profile for rats treated with mixture of aluminum sulphate & aluminum

chloride showed significantly decreased in WBCs ,Hg , RBCs and

Neutrophils (P ≤0.01), whereas there were significantly increased in

Lymphocytes, MCV and MCH (P ≤0.05) . Lipid profile (Triglycerides,

LDL) significantly increased (P ≤0.01) whereas HDL significantly

decreased (P ≤0.01). Creatinine & liver enzymes (ALT &AST) revealed

significantly increased (P ≤0.01) compare to control. Lastly there were

histological changes in liver and kidney slides for rats treated with all

different doses of aluminum sulphate, aluminum chloride and mixture

of aluminum sulphate & aluminum chloride .In addition to significant

changes in histology of kidney and liver of treated wistar rats.

The study conclude that, aluminum ion decrease red blood cell counts, hemoglobin,

hematrocrit and increase white blood cell counts, lymphocytes, corpuscular volume,

corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine and the activity

levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase. Consequently, there was

cytogenetic injuries and damage of liver and kidney which may a raised due to Aluminum

salts toxicity.

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