Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Two Health Centers in Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Abstract The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is one of the big and important problems that our societies face. It leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of resistance in clinically isolated bacteria to broad- and narrow-spectra antibiotics. 30 clinical samples were collected, and biochemical tests were conducted. The results showed the presence of 6 bacterial species, four gram- negative species, (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii) in percentages of 33.4%, 16.7%, 10%, 10%, respectively, and two Gram-positive species : Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, in percentages of 23.3% and 6.6%, respectively. Several types of commonly used antibiotics have been tested. The results showed variable resistance. Escherichia coli indicated resistance to Co- Trimoxazole, Cefotaxime, Nalidixic acid, Carbenicillin , Ampicillin , Cefuroxime, 30%, 20%, 10%, 80%, 100%, 100%, respectively. K. pneumoniae showed resistance to Nicene, Nitrofurantoin, Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, Carbenicillin, at percentages of 40%, 20% , 100%, 100%, 100%, respectively. P. aeruginosa showed resistance to Gentamicin, Cefuroxime , Nicene, Nalidixic acid, Co-Trimoxazole, Ampicillin, Nitrofurantoin at percentages of 33.4%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% respectively. Citrobacter freundii, showed resistance to Co-Trimoxazole, Nalidixic acid, Carbenicillin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime at percentages of 33,4%, 33.4%, 66.7%, 100%, 100%, 100%, respectively. On the other hand, the gram positive bacteria also showed variable resistance to the used antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus showed resistance to Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Erythromycin, Co-Trimoxazole, Clindamycin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Vancomycin, Penicillin-G, Fusidic Acid at percentages of 14.3%, 14.3%, 14.3%, 14.3%, 42.9%, 42.9%, 42.9%, 71.5%, 100%, 85.8%, respectively. Bacillus cereus showed resistance to Ampicillin and Carbenicillin at percentages of 100%, 100%, respectively These results indicate that the antibiotic resistance is very common within the clinical isolates and more strict measures should be implemented to contain this problem.