التباين في الشكل الظاهري لبعض الاصول الوراثية للقمح والشعير في ليبيا

Abstract

Abstract The present study was proposed to identify the morphological and measureable differences in some of the genetic resources for wheat and barley in Libya. The experiments are conducted in two research stations: Al-Zahra Station in Libya and Tal-Hadia Station in Syria. A total of 64 entrances are selected for the study (20 of soft wheat, 20 of hard wheat and 24 of barley). Cultivation is carried out using the classical methods of the research centers. The descriptive methods of ICARDA wheat and barley are used. Data collection started as from early developmental stages using Zadoks stage, and the important morphological characters are studied at maturation stages. Computer programme (UPCHA) is used to estimate morphological differences for the studied characters, cluster analysis and construction of phenograms for the studied taxa. The results revealed that the morphological differences in soft wheat range from 0.858 – 0.143 and 0.847 – 0.154, while in hard wheat the range is 0.000 – 0.858 and 0.643 – 0.072 in Al-Zahra in Tal-Hadia Stations respectively. As for barley the morphological differences range from 0.810 – 0.143 in Al-Zahra and 0.889 – 0.112 in Tal-Hadia. In addition, many entrances and lateral groups are detected in wheat and barley in the two stations. Further more, evident differences in morphological setup of soft and hard wheat are detected especially in number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernel per spike and number of spikelet per spike. In barley the morphological differences are clear in 1000-kernel weight, number of days to heading, number of days to maturity and plant height. Some recommendations are put forwards to conduct comparative scientific research using genetic characters and to improve the best and preferable entrances for production increase using advance scientific techniques.