مظاهر واتجاهات التغير الاجتماعي بالمجتمع البدوي بشمال دارفور واثرها علي حياة البداوة : دراسة تطبيقية على مجموعات البدو حول منطقة كتم

Abstract

The study addressed the issue of social change in the society of the nomads at Northern Darfur State, Sudan. It focuses on the changes that took place in the social structures and systems of the nomadic societies around Khutom area after the change in their lifestyle from wanderers to settlers. The study aimed at understanding the changes in the social life of such societies that emerged as a result of shifting from mobile grazing to permanent settlement. It further tried to understand the changes that occurred in the family system in terms of size, structure and housing system, as well as the extent that education has affected the economic system and the trends of the member of the society with regard to traditional nomadic values. The study was based on a number of hypotheses mainly: The existence of variations of statistical reference between the educational level of the head of household and the number of the family members, and between the duration of their stay and their occupations, as well as between the educational level and the loyalty to the tribe. The study resulted in a number of findings mainly The nomadic society was found to be endogamous with little exogamy, with the prevalence of the extended tamlly pattern. Changes in the marriage system and the related practices before and after settlement were detected. Changes in the occupations of the majority of the settled nomads from grazing to farming and other occupations, beside changes in the political system and the emergence of post-settlement political cultures and activities that were not known before were found. No significant change was detected in the norms and value system as tribalism was still prevailing. The study has proposed that the Wanderers be encouraged to settle by making settlement more attractive , encouraging farming among those who settled by providing them with subsidized agricultural equipments and tools and encouraging settled grazing system , making easy access to education and rehabilitating its infrastructures, directing more care to the health system , primary health care and child and maternity health , training and promoting traditional tribal administration system to combat negative phenomenon and raising religious awareness as well as spreading and promoting the culture of diversity, tolerance and adherence to law.