Evaluation of plasma electrolytes in patients 0with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Khartoum state

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is included among the diseases with increased frequency of electrolyte abnormalities given that the aforementioned factors (especially impaired renal function, malabsorption syndromes, acid-base disorders and multidrug regimens) are often present in diabetics. This study aim to evaluate the level of plasma sodium, potassium and magnesium in diabetic patients. Material and methods: Case control study was conducted during the period from November 2018 to January 2019. Diabetic patients, who were presented to the Zeinam medical center for follow- up, (100) subjectsintheagegroupof 20-80years, included 50 patients with type 1 and 50 patients with type 2, and 50 ages matchednondiabetic patients as control subjects,whowerevolunteeredtobeincludedin thestudy. The level of plasma electrolytes were measured in all patients and control using spectrophotometer and flame photometer. The analysis of data by SPSS version 21 using T-test for comparing mean and simple correlation for correlation of numerical continuous data. Results: There was insignificant difference in the mean of sodium and potassium in patients and control with P-value (0.155, 0.855) respectively and there was significant decrease in the mean of magnesium in patients when compare to the control with P-value (0.000). There was negative insignificant correlation between magnesium and duration of diabetes, positive insignificant correlation between sodium and duration of diabetes and positive significant correlation between potassium and duration of diabetes. Also there was negative insignificant correlation between magnesium and age in diabetic patients and positive insignificant correlation between sodium and potassium with age in diabetic patients.There was no difference in the mean of magnesium in male and female. Conclusion: This study concludes that there was no difference in the mean value of plasma sodium and potassium between diabetic patients with type 1 and type 2 and control but there was significant decrease in the mean of magnesium in patient when compare to the control. No significant correlation between electrolytes and duration of diabetes.