Phytochemical Screening and Molluscicidal Activity of Extracts of Hydnorajohannis Beccari

Abstract

Active research revealed that some plants used in traditional medicine are quite effective in the treatment of diseases such as the antidiarrhoeal Hydnora j0l1am1is (Hydnoraceae), known in the Sudan under the vernacular name Tartous, among plants, traditionally used for treatment of dysentery. The family Hydnoraceae includes the largest strangest parasitic — that grows on the roots of Acacia spp.- plants in the world and consists of two genera. One of the objectives of this study is based 011 a taxonomical study of the family Hydnoraceae and description of the species Hydnora johannis which was first described as H ydnora africana . The thesis is mainly concerned with the control of the snails, which are the intennediate hosts of Schistosomiasis, using Hydnora johannis collected fi'o1n Um Barona forest near the city of Wad Medani- Sudan. In the present work different extracts of Hydnorajohannis were examined for molluscicidal activity. According to the regression curve analysis, the results indicated that the LD5(, (Lethal dose) for fresh plant, crude plant, ethanol (70 %) freeze-dried, and acetic acid (2%) fieeze-dried extracts against Biomphalaria pfeifleri. snails were 22, 31, 14, and 13 respectively. The Phytochemical screening of the plant Hydnora johalmis was carried out using two analytical methods to show the main chemical constituents present. The results fiom the successive extraction method showed that, the plant contains saponins, flavonoids, reducing compounds, glycosides, coumarines, fatty substances, basic alkaloids,-Anthocyanins, and tamtins (hydrolysable and condensed tannins) which were the main chemical compound present in the extract. The general extraction method, revealed the presence of the following compounds: saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, coumarines, alkaloids, Anthraquinone glycosides, and tannins (hydrolysable and condensed tannins) which also present in high concentrations. The chemical analysis of Hydnora johannis showed that the plant consists of cmde protein (2.84%), fiber (4.5%), moisture (6%), ash (4.15%), nitrogen (0.40%), and tannins (l6.5'7%), where the plant water solution pH was (5.77). Since the plant Hydnora johannis showed a potentiality for the control of Schistosoina snails (Biomphalaria pfeifleri