A Study on Liquid Waste Control Measures Praetieed in Khartoum Refinery

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study has been conducted to assess the liquid Waste control measures practiced in the Khartoum refinery to investigate the control measures which are applied to minimize the quantity of the liquid waste produced, or to treat them in a way that they could not cause any harmful effects to the receiving environment. A survey was carried on the liquid wastes, solid wastes and gaseous emissions to identify their source, treatment, disposal methods and characteristics. Laboratory analysis were carried out for liquid waste from four locations, starting from grid pond before treatment, physical treatment unit, Biological Oxygen Demand and chemical treatment and oxidation ponds. The laboratory analysis covered the following parameter: oil content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TSS), sulphides, nitrogen ammonia (NH;-N), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and pH. The result obtained showed that the oil content is exceed the limits, also chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) exceed the limits set out by Sudanese Petroleum Corporation (Regulation for Protection of the environment in the petroleum industry 2001). Also trace elements, cadmium, iron and lead exceed the limits as estimated in appendix (1) and appendix (2). After a time it will accumulates and pollute water and soil, therefore it should be control during the process by minimizing the quantity or to be recycle after treatment.