كلية الدراسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.neelain.edu.sd/handle/123456789/5176

Browse

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 1625
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    التغيير الاجتماعي في المجتمع القروس
    (alneelain, 1979) محمد حافظ محمد دياب
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    الفائض الاجتماعي والهجرة الريفية الحضرية
    (alneelain, 1987) سعيد محمد ععثمان المعصراوي
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    الاسرة والقرابة ووضع المراة في مجتمع متغير : دراسة اجتماعية لمدينة تعز القديمة في اليمن
    (جامعة النيلين, 1997) عبدالواحد مشعل عبدة حمد الدليمي
    ABSTRACT This research deals with the cultural, economic and social changes which affected the original inhabitants of the old city Taiz. Basically, the research deals with the family and kinship systems and with the position of women before and after the Yemeni Revolution of 1962. This revolution is considered a very important historical event for the Yemeni society, since it represents a dividing line between the closed society of isolation and backwardness before the revolution and the open society ‘of change and development after it. ' ti the data and information have been collected through observation, meetings and discussions as well asaquestionire applied to 600 families which represent twenty per cent of the population of the old city Taiz. Also the genotype method has been used. Comparing the closed society system and the open society system has revealed that very important changes have taken place in the kinship and family systems and in the position of women. ' ' The traditional very large family pattern had the following characteristics : The whole large family lived in one big house including the grandparents, their sons and their grandchildren. The authority and decisions making were the prerogative of the grandfather and all the other members obeyed his orders and respected his decisions. The interests of the family were given priority over any other interests. Solidarity and cooperation with the family and loyalty to it dominated the behavior ofthe individual members. internal marriages (endogamy)within the family were frequent. Ownership of the house and furniture belonged to the family, usually in the name ofthe grandfather. Thus the very large family formed one economic and cooperative unit and mostly practiced one profession or trade. Of course there were social differences and class stratifications on the basis of the interrelations between the economic activity and other social considerations such as descent and in-laws. The large family was part of the very large family, and formed the nucleus of the verylarge family. The dominant pattern was the expanded family consisting of three or four generations, the husband practicing polygamy, all living in one big house or in the houses of one block carrying the name of the family ( The house of Mr. X ). Small nuclear families were rare and their existence resulted from the family circumstances such as the lack of productivity in the wives and the small number of their members. A woman’s position in such‘ families was bad. She wasa prisoner in her house, was rarely allowed to appear before others. Whenever she was allowed to go out she had to be completely covered and veiled and had to be chaperoned by her father, brother or husband. She lived in perfect isolation from others except on rare occasions when she could meet with other women in Qat sessions. She suffered from illiteracy, ignorance, sickness and social oppression. She was tougue-tied and was not allowed to participate in family decisions, nor was she allowed to voice an opinion about her marriage . At an early age she was married to a husband under whose authority she lived in anxiety and fear of being divorced . She practiced no economic activity except in rare cases and under certain conditions. This miserable position of women was supported by the political regime then dominant. After the 1962 revolution changes began to affect the family and kinship system and size and also the position of women . The country has become open to new channels of human civilization . Education increased and expanded . New laws were decreed which gave men and women equal rights. New industries came into the country. The economy of the exchange of local products began to be replaced by capitalistic economy .New and varied economic activities began to appear. Class strotificatian on the basis of descent in -laws, and traditional trades and professions began to be replaced by stratiflcation on the basis of capital owned . The economic factor became the standard for classifying the inhabitants of the city, replacing the social standards of the past. This has led to the weakening of family ties and to the dividing the very large families and the large families into small nuclear families which are economically and politically independent. The position of women also has been affected. Women began to go out of home to schools, colleges, and jobs . They began tohave a voice in family decisions, in the life of the community, and even in politics. Nevertheless, women still suffer from some inherited traditions and values of the past which some people still cling to .This has led to the rise of conflict within the family and to the rise of social problems some of which are caused by the women themselves, especially those who rush into the new changes without objectively considering the circumstances. It may be said that the old pattern and the new pattern coexist together. ln spite of their basic opposition they have in common many points . This helps" the members of society to adapt themselves to the new pattern , reorganise themselves , practice new economic activities , benefit from the new opportunities , and establish for themselves a new cultural and social position on the basis of materialistic values and personal benefits . These values and benefits have become the dominant principle in the way_the people of the city deal with each other . Nevertheless, this utilitarian principle faces opposition and resistance from the inherited traditional, cultural, and social values which oppose any threat of change in the moral values of society. ‘ lt may also be said that the old and the new patterns are not isolated from each other. They act on and react to each other: the new one calls for change and the old one opposes change. Their interaction produces more social and economic changes and continued change in the old concepts . This represents a dynamic case of change and not a passive opposition . The reaction and response of the old city society to these changes is ‘quite positive . No society can live isolated from the impact of modern civilization which progresses daily in wide steps.This enables societies to achieve improvement in their economic, social and health conditions. '
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    الامن الغذائ في الاردن (1978 - 1998م)
    (جامعة النيلين, 1999) احمد عبد الكريم العدوان
    ABSTRACT In this study, the researcher seeks _to shed light on food security in Jordan which faces,_a.real problem in terms of the scarcity of arable lands and the fact’ that they-are not completely utilized in spite of their scarcity. Add to this the large increase in population as a result of natural and non-natural factors which in itself doubled the population fivefold over the last four decades. The architectural expansion at the expense of arable land has had an extremely great impact on the further deterioration of the food problem in Jordan. Emanating from this, the researcher is highly interested in the definition, description and analysis of the food situation in Jordan as regards the available resources and food situation in terms of production, consumption and the food gaps and its impacts from the political, economical and social aspects. Then the Jordanian strategy to alleviate the lack of food security to the greatest extent possible, in addition to the economical and agricultural integration between Jordan and Sudan in view of the_avai|abi|ity of potential, expertise, the identical future vision and the similarity of the economic pattern in both countries. The scarcity of arable land, the low income, the lack of interest on the part of the successive governments in the food and agricultural aspects in Jordan are considered the most important results reached by this study; and may be safely considered as the most important reasons for the lack of food security locally. Based on said results, the researcher recommends, in his study, that care should be concentrated on the “farmer” being the crux and the most influencial factor in production and food security. He also recommends the removal of obstacles, the increase of governmental interest in the agricultural and production sectors, the work for productive and agricultural integration between the Arab countries and Jordan particularly Sudan in view of the availability of arable land, the presence of agricultural expertise and labor force in great abundance. He also recommends the adoption of an agricultural policy that aims at the organization and development of the agriculture and food sectors, and the ideal utilization of the available resources to limit the deteriorating situation of food security .in Jordan.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    الاثر السياسي والاقتصادي لصندوق النقد الدولي في السودان
    (جامعة النيلين, 1999) جيهان ابراهيم احمد ماقيت
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    راس المال البشري واللامساوة في توزيع الدخل
    (جامعة النيلين, 1999) عبدالرحمن سليمان محمد
    _ abstract This research comes as a result of so many question concerning wage differencials in Sudan . ‘ The main objective is to find an answer to the W question : What are the factors determining the wage besides the ability to produce? i Many researches reached the conclusion that there |‘ are many related factors to gether influence individual ; wages ; putting a side qualifications and ability.This I research put certain assumptions and certain factors lg under study ; e.g. sex , maritial status, ete. ' Data for the research have been collected throughi‘ questionaires developed specially for this purpose is| primary data Asample has been selected from Khartoum i- state, stratified by region and type of industry . . ; A two stages cluster samole has been used to select 3‘ about 454 employee . P The main conclusions of the research asj‘ summarized as follows: ; 1- Education & experience provide to have a positive|< relationship with wage paid. , I 2- ' Males are found to have larger wage than females on? average. , I‘ 3- Place of work showed significant difference of wagei earnings e.g. Khartoum province have highest wages 7 than Omdurman . . 4- Martial status showed a significant effect on wages.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    factors affeecting among sudanese women an urban comminity acase study of eldim town
    (1999 - 05) Asia mohammed sharife
    Abstract This study is an attempt to investigate some of the factors affecting fertility in a Sudanese urban setting. Fertility is one ofthe factors responsible for the pattern of population change that is believed to be taking place in Sudan. The slight decline in fertility levels had been taken as a main concern. This decline has been noticeable in the urban areas. The core issue is concentrated on analysing factors affecting fertility among women in the urban communities in Sudan, taking El Dueim town as a case stutlv Bougaarts‘s model for the proximate determinants of fertility is used as the analytical framework. Marriage pattern, contraception and post-partum infecundity are analysed as the main proximate determinants that affect fertility directly. Respondent’s education, occupation and type of residence are analysed as the main socio-economic variables that affect the proximate determinants directly and fertility level indirectly. ldeal family size, sex preference and desirability for additional child are analysed as indicators of cultural attitudes that affect fertility behaviour. A siimple of S I0 ever-married women aged 15-49 years was selected from l7 out of the 28 neighbourhoods in the town. The sample was selected randomly using stratified cluster sampling procedure. The I993 census’ Primary Enumeration Areas for El Dueim town formed the sampling frame. The data was collected by face to face interview using a designed questionnaire The levels and patterns of fertility are analysed in relation to demographic and socio- economic characteristics of the respondents. The Total Fertility Rate is reported as 6.5 children per a woman and adjusted to 5.2 children. The completed fertility for women aged 45-49 years on average is 7 livbirths. Fertility is found to be differentiated largely by socio-econoinic and demographic factors. Education, occupation and type of residence have a considerable effect on the proximate determinants of fertility. Ever-use _ knowledge and current use of contraceptives are found to be more common among the women who are educated, engaged in gainful jobs and reside in the town centre& government houses. Post- partum infecundity periods are longer among the uneducated, unemployed and those who reside in fourth class neighbourhood. The long period of infecundity is considered as the main mean to delay birth among this group. The effective use of contraceptive is the main mean to delay birth, which compensate the short periodol" post-partuin infecundity among the former group Th»: average ideal family size was found to be high among women under the age of 20 and those above 40 years. among the uneducated, unemployed and those who reside in the fourth class residences. However, preference for a male child was found to he more common than for a female child with no significant ditTerence among dillerent socio-economic groups.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    مؤسسات التمويل العربية والبلدان الافريقية 1975 -1995
    (جامعة النيلين, 1999-05) محمد سيدينا الطرفاوي
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    تقييم تجربة شركات التأمين الاسلامية الخاصة في كل من دولة قطر وجمهورية السودان (دراسة تطبيقية مقارنة)
    (جامعة النيلين, 1999-05) السماني قسم الخالق موسي
    Abstract This research aims at studying the practice of the private Islamid Insurance Companies both in the state of Qatar and the republic of Sudan, particularly in the conformity of the practical experiment to the theoretical fundamentals of the Islamic insurance, with an evaluation to the financial performance, added to the acceptance level of the customers to the experiment. The general and Islamic concept of the insurance is covered, and the practical experiment of Islamic insurance in the state of Qatar and Sudan is compared through the above mentioned indicators. The results of the study indicated that jurists reject the conventional insurance contract on the basis of GHARAR (indeterminacy of the contract), and the main notion in Islamic insurance is to exclude insurance from refunding contracts and make it as donation contracts this made a principals to which insurance companies act. This comparative study also shown that the experiment of Islamic insurance, both in Qatar and Sudan presented an acceptable alternative for conventional insurance, with successful financial performance, that is reflected from not having loss since it ’s foundation. The study also reveals that the experiment of Islamic insurance goes conformed with the theoretical principals in proportion to 92.9% whereas the application rate come to make 85.7% in Qatar experiment corresponding 100% in the experiment of Sudan.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    تجربة البنوك في تمويل الانشطة النسوية في السودان
    (جامعة النيلين, 2000) ايوب طة سيد طة
    ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore the size, types and nature of financing by the banking system, for the women projects and activities, in the period 1993-1998. Likewise. it aimed at exposing the terms and conditions for granting credit by the banks for financing purposes. The study also delved into the position of the women projects and activities vis-a vis the financing policy of the Central Bank. For this purpose, (7) banks were selected as a cluster sample, in accordzmce with the nature of each bank. Thuse, banks were classified as indusirial agricultural, cooperative, estate, social and commercial, etc. For data collection, primary sources and secondary sources were consulted. The primary sources included a questionnaires designed a group of women beneficiaries of banking financing. ' 2”" ‘ The data collected accordingly, were analyzed by using the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). . i The study proved that the savings Bank for Social Development is the prime financier of the largest number of womens projects, with (50%) of the total projects and activities. Next to it, comes the Sudanese Islamic Bank with (19%), the banks which activities in the realm did not exceed (15%) Most of this financing (i.e. 60%) had been directed to financing tailoring and poultry production activities. As for the size of financing, the study exposed that the Agricultural Bank of the Sudan (ABS) ranked first, followed by the Savings Bank, the Sudanese Islamic Bank. El Nilein Industrial Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the Estates Bank and El-Gharb Islamic Bank. * M eanwhilc. the profits margins reached (3 8%), (37%), (25%) and 24%) for El- Nilein Industrial Development Bank, the Agricultural Bank of Sudan, the Estates Bank and Savings and Industrial Development Bank, respectively. Yet, inspite of the fact that these banks are State-owned, and specialized banks, they were supposed to gain lesser rations of profits than the other banks. The period granted by these banks for financing the projects ranged between 4 month and a year. This period may not be suitable for the nature of the women s projects.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    دور النفط في صنع السياسة الخارجية للدول العربية النفضية
    (جامعة النيلين, 2000) امحمد محمد ابوالقاسم الغول
    ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to study the role of oil policies of Arab oil producers; the members of OAPEC, in shaping This was achieved by studying the direct economic im their foreign policies . pact such as economic growth due to growth in the stock of foreign currency, and the indirect {impact such as dependency on western capitalist countries and their multinfational companies. This study deals with the domination of multinational companies ofver the decisions of Arab oil producing, Countries in areas bf exploratin, drilling, production, and marketing as the chief problem. The stird y also deals aim the role of international oil-marketing organizations that w rrk to serve the interests of oil consumers. The study focuses on the dependency % on foreign organizations wich weakens the efficiency of tie On the other hand the study sheds light on a very si had played Arab foreign policy, mainly in the October 197 a crucial determinant of Arab-western relations. In that strong ties between the Arab Countries. However, oil di Arab oil organizations se organizations. gnificant role that oil 3 crisis, when oil was period oil had created d not continue to play the same role in shaping Arab foreign policis later", although Arab oil proiiucing countries had a growing dominance over the process marketing. The study argues that oil has not played a process of development of Arab oil-producing countries the upper hand in the control over the whole process marketing. Thus at times of crisis, Arab oil producing cc upper hand in the whole process of oil production and and economical causes of crisis at regional or internaion secured through their resources a disitnctive international This study adopts historical, explanatory, and anal consists of ‘four chapters, plus the abstract, conclusions chapter deals with the emergence and history of the oil i of oil production and significant role; in the which still do not have of oil production and untries do not have the managing the political al level; nor have they ‘status . E ytical approaches, and ;and results. Tlie first ndustry and the causes of its emergence. The second chapter deals with petrol reserves and oil producing organizatins and the third chapter deals with with foreign policy. The fourth deals with energy cris negative impact. The last Chapter deals with influe dependency, and the future and prospects of Arab oil. with the results that the researcher arrived at. . -v- petrol and its relation is and its positive and ntial factors su'ch as The Study concluded