كلية الاداب

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    العلاقات بين الاسر المقدونية والخلافة الفاطمية
    (جامعة النيلين, 1980) احمد عطية رمضان
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    السياسة االخارجية للغساسنة من سنة 450 - الي 636 تقريبا
    (جامعة النيلين, 2002) جهاد يوسف عبدو
    Abstract The Foreign Politics of Gassanians Kingdom The study aims at answering a main hypothetical question which is: How did Gassanians exercise their politics? This inquiry evoked a group of primary and secondary questions, the most important of which: Who are Gassanains? How did Gassanians establish and develop their political entity? How did Gassanians construct their foreign politics through the international and regional situation in the region therein time- To answer these inquiries, the researcher has taken many issues, one of them: the definition of Gassanians as a branch of Yemen Azed Tribe and the circumstances which had pushed them to immigrate from Yemen and their stabilization in Al-Sham, which made the Ga a political power among the Arabs of Al-Sham and their development till they became a regional power- Then the researcher has followed the Gassanians’ foreign policy through studying the political relations with the Romans and its development. Then, the Gassanians relation with the Arab regional powers, in other words: their relation with Hera, Yemen, Hijaz and northern Arab peninsula and the development which involved these relations- This topic has been chosen to know the foreign policies of Gassanans kingdom and the different interactions which is concemed with this aspect of Gassanians political life and to know its affection upon the international and regional relation in the ancient Nearest East. The study included the historical period which preceded the appearance of Islam and the effect of Gassanians economic, social, and religious relations on the region. The researcher used the “Analysis Historical Method” in classifying and organizing the historical events, then criticizing and analyzing these events from its historical frame through the surrounding interactions to reach logical results. The time and place limits of the study include the geographical area which was known in ancient history as Al sham, Hira, Hijaz, northern peninsula of Arabs and Yemen. The t of the study includes the period of the middle of the fourth century to nearly the first third of the seventh century. A.D. The researcher came out with many conclusions which can be summarized in the following points: * The ambiguity of several historical events for the period of the study. Also, the incoherence and maladjustment in the historical novel especially in our Arab sources because it is characterized of being short inexact and of multi version for the, same event absence of unhistorical registration as it is considered an independent science and the first dealing of these events has subdue to unhistorical sequence. The historical period, which is the field of the study needs more researching because many aspects of Arab life was not subjected to research before, especially in the aspects which depend on the nation and its development. As our historical sources registration was subdued to follow upon regime which usually focus on the King in Arab community, because the King collects all authorities in his hands. Even the registration of history regime is clear in the titles of their writings as “History of Kings of Land and Prophets” for Al-Asfahani. Also “History of Prophets and Kings” for Al-Tabary, which indicates the magnification of kings’ role in history at the expense of the nation role. ' In addition to science development requirements and the advance which occur in the field of research. Also the abundance of sources references for researches, which helps in viewing the historical event in more impartial side. * The Gassanians has known the aspect of foreign politics. They were precise in exercising this aspect in a high qualification which affirm that the Arabs did not live in themargin of history and the Arab nations aspired by inbred to find a historical role for themselves despite of objective and subjective conditions which impeded these attempts. ~ The study emphasizes the importance of the strategic location of Al-Sham land and the Arab land and its role through history, in addition to the political, economic, religious and cultural importance for this land. - The strategic importance of politics, economics, religion and culture of the Arab land may bring evil for them as well as good So, the nations’ wealth needs intelligent mind and motif to guide it, and , power to protect this wealth. - The land of Al-Sham, Iraq, and northern Arab Island which is the subject of the study formed together an integral unit of many aspects political, economical, social, religious and cultural which enable them to compose a strong basis of unity to their people and wield their wealth in the best way. - This study may benefit those who are interested in the field of history and foreign politics. In addition to whom are concerned of Arab economical, social, and religious during aspects the period that was subjected to study. So, we can extract lessons to avail ourselves of ancient history.
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    الدور السياسي والحضاري للرومان في الشرق : دراسة حالة فلسطين (63 ق. م - 395 م)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2005) عصام كامل جبر مخير
    ABSTRACT This study aimed at studying the platonic (Uzrioon) poets in their different Arabic environment. It also aimed at findinga communicative relationship between the emotional Sudanese Poetry and Arabic platonic (Uzry) virtuous poetry. The researcher has tried to enlight on the Sudanese Poets, study their poetry, analyses it and compare it with the platonic (Uzry) Arabic poetry through the different stages of Arabic literature. The main findings of the research can be summarized as that there is an existence of the platonic (Uzry) Sudanese poet. Also the researcher has arrived at a result that the Sudanese poets were affected by the Arabic platonic virtuous poetry, and the remoteness of place and time between the different erotic schools didn’t prevent the communication with platonic virtuous school because of some associated factors and characteristics between the two of them. In addition to that the cultural variety in the Sudanese environment has a great effect on the contemporaneous Sudanese poetry which gave it a distinguished flavour within the map of the emotional poetry in the Arabic world. The Sudanese poet has sung the love songs for the Arabic, Sudanese and African woman. Also he has sung the love songs for the charming nature in the Sudan and the mother home Africa accompanied with the Arabic, Sudanese, African and foreign inheritances, customs and cultures in a clear Arabic tongue.
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    الدور السياسي و الحضاري للرومان في الشرق (دراسة حالة فلسطين) 63 ق.م - 395م
    (جامعة النيلين, 2005) عصام كامل جبر مخيمر
    Abstract The political and civilized role of the Romans in the east_ hense QA case study (Palestine) since (es - s.c. - 395). This study tackles the political, and civilized role of the Romans in the east (Palestine) during the period from (63 — B.C. — 395). In addition to that, this study aims to focus the attention upon the factors which affected the behavior, attitude, and the Roman communicative style towards the eastern states generally, - .., Q and upon Palestine in particular. bAiming to know the effect of the range ability of the Romans, and in particular the political, and civilized role. It aims to analyze the nature of this role which is changeable, wavy, in the style of empire, administration and the adopted policy, that’s according to the nature of internal circumstances and the regnant sectional. It's great efforts to fulfill its aims, and attitudes. The study also adopted the historical analytical methogtl, forith*i§met»hocLaims to observe and trace the historical incidents. Aiming to specify its causes and reaching the aimed results. -. ” ' ' , - \,,k, L, ‘\‘ __ . ~ ~ A K The thesis study is diyided‘ intok five chapters, firstlv. the Jpolitical and civilized role of the Romans in the east (Palestine) __v '>(<:' ' 7‘- (Historical Intrcldujgtion), the Roman political role in Palestine. The second chapter tackles the appearance of Christianity and the Roman policy towards it. P_oyrthlv,_ the .aspects of the Roman civilization in Palestine. Then, Finally the Conclusion . Concerning the first chapter it tackles the political, and civilized role of the Romans in the east generally, then it tackles some states as models of the Roman empire. The second chapter deals with the Batlami and, Saloki role in Palestine. Thus the third chapter includes three thesis, which are the Roman hipcord upon Palestine. The Roman Policy towards the Jews in Palestine and finally the role of the two states, the Anbrat and Tadmoor in Palestine, in addition to the Roman policy towards it. The fourth chapter tackles two thesis which are the Christ birth and his breed. And the Roman policy towards Christianity. The fifth chapter (the final one) deals with the aspects of the Roman civilization in Palestine, in addition to the Palestinian cities in the Roman age their economical life, currency system, roads and transport, administration system, arts and architecture, and finally the mental life. Thus the study is s n four basic results: l) The Roman country managed to rule the east and had succeeded both politically, and in civilization to a great extent. 2) The Roman success to spring their hipcord upon Palestine due to their processing of great abilities in addition to their depending upon many modern ways. The Romans thus succeeded
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    سلطنة دارفور وعلاقتها بارض الحجاز والدولة العثمانية في الفترة من (1450 - 1916 م)
    (جامعة النيلين, 2013) بحيرة كمال عبدالله السماني
    Al Nellain University Post-Graduate College Faculty of Arts History Department A Thesis submitted by Buheyra Kamal Abdalla Elsummani for the degree of M.A. in History Sultanate of Darfiir and Its Relationship with Hijaz and the Ottoman Empire During the Period from 1450 to 1916 The study comprises an introduction and eight chapters. The first chapter tackles the geography, demography, rural and urban activities. The second chapter expounds the rise of the Sultanate and its administrative and judicial system. The third chapter displays the political system and the role of the Sultans. Chapter IV deals specifically with Mecca and Chapter V with Medina. Chapter VI discussion the affinity between Darfur and the land of Hijaz whereas Chapter VII reveals the place to the two Holy mosques in the souls of those people and the loaded sharif, together with trade relations. Chapter VIII is devoted to the relationship between the sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. The affinity between Darfur and the land of Hijaz is namral kind of relationship that extends historically spiritually religiously and civilizational. This religious affiliation has been reckoned in most of the Islamic African states and in particular the Sudanese state, specifically in the intermediate and Islamic epochs (erea) of modem and contemporary Medina. All this is because of allocation of these Holy places to those lands together with the fifth cornerstone of Islam pilgrimage which bore a special place in the hearts of the Muslim people in north and West Africa the Sudanese. Add to this is the location of the prophet Mohamed's shrine in Medina. For all these reasons the relationship between Darfur and Hijaz land has been so distinguished and so solid. This has been so because the religious unison.