كلية الاداب
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Item سلطنة دارفور وعلاقتها بارض الحجاز والدولة العثمانية في الفترة من (1450 - 1916 م)(جامعة النيلين, 2013) بحيرة كمال عبدالله السمانيAl Nellain University Post-Graduate College Faculty of Arts History Department A Thesis submitted by Buheyra Kamal Abdalla Elsummani for the degree of M.A. in History Sultanate of Darfiir and Its Relationship with Hijaz and the Ottoman Empire During the Period from 1450 to 1916 The study comprises an introduction and eight chapters. The first chapter tackles the geography, demography, rural and urban activities. The second chapter expounds the rise of the Sultanate and its administrative and judicial system. The third chapter displays the political system and the role of the Sultans. Chapter IV deals specifically with Mecca and Chapter V with Medina. Chapter VI discussion the affinity between Darfur and the land of Hijaz whereas Chapter VII reveals the place to the two Holy mosques in the souls of those people and the loaded sharif, together with trade relations. Chapter VIII is devoted to the relationship between the sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. The affinity between Darfur and the land of Hijaz is namral kind of relationship that extends historically spiritually religiously and civilizational. This religious affiliation has been reckoned in most of the Islamic African states and in particular the Sudanese state, specifically in the intermediate and Islamic epochs (erea) of modem and contemporary Medina. All this is because of allocation of these Holy places to those lands together with the fifth cornerstone of Islam pilgrimage which bore a special place in the hearts of the Muslim people in north and West Africa the Sudanese. Add to this is the location of the prophet Mohamed's shrine in Medina. For all these reasons the relationship between Darfur and Hijaz land has been so distinguished and so solid. This has been so because the religious unison.