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    Groundwater Exploration using Integration of Electrical Resistivity Data with Remote Sensing and GIS Data, Northern State –Sudan
    (2015-06) Dafalla Siddig Dafalla, Khalid Mustafa Kheiralla; Muhammed Ali Hassan Dahab
    Remote sensing and GIS studies have been utilized and aimed to reveal the geological, topographical aspects, as well as to decipher the main lineaments, structural and paleo-drainage patterns. Electrical Resistivity measurements have been carried out in form of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) to show water bearing formations and the aquifer thickness. Remote sensing data revealed general elevation range between 154–588 m (a.m.s.l.), general slope is from North to the south and several primary paleo-drainage systems are clear depicted, the drainage system runs from the south-east to north-west. Resistivity data showed that aquifers are of good permeability and of regional recharge. The recommended depths of the boreholes to be drilled are ranging from 180 m to 240 m
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    Landsat ETM+7 Digital Image Processing Techniques for Lithological and Structural Lineament Enhancement: Case Study Around Abidiya Area, Sudan
    (2012) E.A. Ali, S.O. El Khidir; I. A.A. Babikir, E.M. Abdelrahman
    Remote sensing techniques were applied to delineate lithological and structural features of the area around Abidiya area in north central Sudan. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM + 7) Satellite data of five multispectral bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 7) were utilized in the course of digital image processing techniques. The techniques consist of spectral enhancement (e.g. linear contrast stretching and image ratio) and spatial enhancement such as image filtering and Intensity-Hue-Saturation transformation (IHS). The spectral enhancement techniques were used to extract the initial geological information, which showed a clear discrimination of felsic and granitic rocks from mafic and ultramafic lithologies of ophiolitic origin. Intensity, Hue, Saturation (HIS) transformation proved to be superior in enhancing geological information extraction. The high pass and directional filtering techniques allows the delineation of the lineaments in the region.The patterns recognized in the digitally processed satellite images assist in extract the initial lithological information as well as delineate the regional structural lineaments in the region. Further these patterns used as a base for generated geological and structural maps through visual interpretation and ground truthing.
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    Groundwater Exploration using Integration of Electrical Resistivity Data with Remote Sensing and GIS Data, Northern State –Sudan
    (2015-07) Dafalla Siddig Dafalla, Khalid Mustafa Kheiralla; Muhammed Ali Hassan Dahab
    Remote sensing and GIS studies have been utilized and aimed to reveal the geological, topographical aspects, as well as to decipher the main lineaments, structural and paleo-drainage patterns. Electrical Resistivity measurements have been carried out in form of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) to show water bearing formations and the aquifer thickness. Remote sensing data revealed general elevation range between 154–588 m (a.m.s.l.), general slope is from North to the south and several primary paleo-drainage systems are clear depicted, the drainage system runs from the south-east to north-west. Resistivity data showed that aquifers are of good permeability and of regional recharge. The recommended depths of the boreholes to be drilled are ranging from 180 m to 240 m
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    The application of remote sensing and structural analysis in groundwater exploration in basement terrains, Darfur region, Western Sudan
    (2011) Sami O. H. El Khidir & Alain Gachet
    Abstract Darfur region is one of the most vulnerable areas in Sudan that suffer from shortage in water supply. The objective of the current study is to utilize remote sensing techniques combined with the structural analysis to recognize the most potential fracture zones for groundwater occurrences in the hard rock terrains of Darfur region. The old ductile deformation features in Darfur region delineated from Landsat imageries are used for the structural analysis to determine and classify the fractures in the hard rock terrains of the region. Based on the structural analysis conducted in this study, Darfur region was divided into two domains—the western domain of the pre-Pan-African age that is affected by the two deformational phases (D1 and D2), and the eastern domain represented by the basement related to the Pan-African orogeny. The most potential fractures in the western domain are in the NW–SE and NE– SW trends that classified as extensional and release open fractures for the deformations D1 and D2. In the eastern domain, the main potential fractures for groundwater occurrence are in E–W and N–S directions that are classified as extensional and release open fractures of the deformation D3. From the results of the structural analysis, the main potential fracture systems in Darfur region trend are NW–SE, NE–SW, and E–W directions. The intersections of these fracture systems are the most promising targets for drilling, with consideration of the topography, the rates of recharge, and the underlying geology. The geophysical data and boreholes information in Zalingei and north of El Geneina areas in West Darfur confirm the results obtained from remote sensing data and structural analysis, in which the NW–SE, NE–SW, and E–W fractures trends are the most potential fractures in Darfur region.
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    Landsat ETM+7 Digital Image Processing Techniques for Lithological and Structural Lineament Enhancement: Case Study Around Abidiya Area, Sudan
    (The Open Remote Sensing Journal, 2012) S.O. El Khidir
    Abstract: Remote sensing techniques were applied to delineate lithological and structural features of the area around Abidiya area in north central Sudan. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM + 7) Satellite data of five multispectral bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 7) were utilized in the course of digital image processing techniques. The techniques consist of spectral enhancement (e.g. linear contrast stretching and image ratio) and spatial enhancement such as image filtering and Intensity-Hue-Saturation transformation (IHS). The spectral enhancement techniques were used to extract the initial geological information, which showed a clear discrimination of felsic and granitic rocks from mafic and ultramafic lithologies of ophiolitic origin. Intensity, Hue, Saturation (HIS) transformation proved to be superior in enhancing geological information extraction. The high pass and directional filtering techniques allows the delineation of the lineaments in the region.The patterns recognized in the digitally processed satellite images assist in extract the initial lithological information as well as delineate the regional structural lineaments in the region. Further these patterns used as a base for generated geological and structural maps through visual interpretation and ground truthing.