كلية القانون
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Item اختلال التوازن العقدي في عقود التجارة الدولية بالتركيز على عقد البيع الدولي للبضائع(جامعة النيلين, 2020) الجيلي الحاج محمد عبد الله عمرمستخلص هذا البحث بعنوان " اختلال التوازن العقدي في عقود التجارة الدولية بالتركيز على عقد البيع الدولي للبضائع" تم التطرق فيه إلى تعريف العقود التجارية الدولية، وبيان أنواعها، ومعايير تكييف دوليتها وكذلك تعريف عقود البيع الدولي للبضائع في التشريعات الوطنية والدولية، وبيان أنواعها. كما تم بحث محاولة توازن العقود التجارية الدولية وفقاً للتشريعات الوطنية والدولية. ثم تم بحث اختلال التوازن العقدي من خلال تعريفه، وأنواعه، والتعبير عنه في التشريعات الوطنية والدولية، والقضاء. وأخيراً تعرض البحث لوسائل معالجة اختلال التوازن العقدي من خلال دور التشريعات الوطنية والدولية لإعادة التوازن العقدي. وكذلك من خلال التعويض. من أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أنه لا يوجد تعريف لعقود التجارة الدولية. وما يترتب على وصف العقد بأنه عقد دولي. ومن أهم التوصيات وضع بنود في العقود طويلة المدة لمواجهة تقلب الأسعار يمكن بمقتضاها تعديل المواصفات الفنية. Abstract This research which is entitled "Contractual Disequilibrium of International Trade Contracts With Focus on International Sale of Goods Contracts." We mentioned in this research the definition of international trade contracts, their types and the criteria for adapting their nationality. Then, we studied the imbalance of contracts of international commerce through its definition, types and the methods of expression in national and international legislation and judiciary. Finally, the research deals with methods of the contractual Disequilibrium through the role of national and international laws, and through the renegotiation clause. One of the most important result of the research is that there is no definition of international trade contracts. And the consequences of describing the contract as an international contract. One of the most important recommendations of the research is that drafting clauses in long-term contracts to counter price volatility by which technical specifications can be modified.Item أحكام تسليم المبيع في القانون والشريعة الإسلامية : دراسة في التشريعين اليمني والسوداني(جامعة النيلين, 2005) عبد المجيد أحمد سعيد الصلويABSTRACT Rules ot'Delivery ofsold Quantities in Law and Islamic Shariaa (Study in Yemeni and Sudanese Laws) This research is an applied study of the commitment ofthe seller or vender to deliver the sold quantity and which is considered as the most important commitment which is duty of the seller in the sale contract. ' I relied 6n the study on the texts present in the Sudanese Transaction law for I984 and the Yemeni Civil Law 2002. I took up in an introductory chapter the rules when there is a deficit or an excess in the sold quantity at the time of delivery and law suits which became old that may arise due to this and also the sold quantity supplements. Then I took up the subject of the study in 5 chapters. I concentrated in the first, second and third chapters on the methodology of delivering the sold quantity and its ways and the cases _ of indirect arbitrary delivery on which the Sudanese Transaction Law elaborated in their explanation and also the rules to be applied when others claim that the goods belong to them and not to the buyer after delivery and determination of the place, the time and the costs of delivery. In the fifth chapter I took up the effects of fines applied on the seller when he fails or refuses to deliver the sold quantity according to general rules. I also dealt with halting or holding back ofthe sold quantity. I concluded the study by the topic oi‘ the perish oi’ the sold quantity whereby the Yemeni Law, the Sudanese Law and Islamic .lurisdiction ties this direction with deliveiy and not the end ol’ ownership and the guarantee that the seller will bear the outcome of detective sold quantities after deliveryItem التزام المشتري بدفع الثمن وتحمل مصروفات المبيع(جامعة النيلين, 2015) محمد سالم موسي ابو مصطفيThis research is basically on one of the most important contracts both in law and Islamic sharia i.e. the sale of goods contract, this contract is closly connected to the daily life of every bodyl The focus is on the obligations of the purchase, namely. the obligation to pay the price and the obligation to pay the fees of the subject matter. The researcher has in details discussed the rules relating to the sellers obligations and the other part and his obligation which is why they have been excluded here. The research is divided into five chapters, chapter one expose the concept of sales of goods contract in general language and technically , sharia and English and Eudanese laws. Chapter two defines the price, its conditions in Civil Transactions Act 1984 and the nullified Civil Code 1971. It also discusses the different types of sales in Islamic Jurisprudence in which price takes different forms. Further more, the chapter discusses the gurint price as one of the mechanisms through which the price can be determined. The chapter also expose the various types of actions relating to the obligation of the burchaser to psy the price. Chapter three concentrates on payment of price and its tennination as an obligation . it also discuses payment of benefits coming out of the price in the Civil Translations Act 1984, the nullified civil 1971, and English and Egyptian laws. In additions this chapter clarifies the right of the seller and the burchaser to lien. Chapter four is about the rules and effects related to the breach of contract by the buyer, by non paying the price or refusing to bear the fees of the subject matter. These effects include, interalia the right to lien and right to terminate the contract. The chapter states the three types of termination; judicial termination, contractual termination and termination according to the rules of law. Chapter five illustrates the fees of the subject matter in the Civil Transactions Act and English law. The rules of the English law in respect to fees are stated by shortly discussing the intemational (fob-car)sale of goods contract The reach contains a conclusion states the most significant findings and hatices, the most prominent one is that the Civil Transaction, Act 1984 has really and unique distinguished provisions. The research proposes some recommendations that can contribute to the legal reform process as far as price and fees payment is concemed.